2022-2023年考博英语-东北财经大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第15期

2022-2023年考博英语-东北财经大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题We need a chairman _.问题1选项A.for whom everyone has confidenceB.in whom everyone has confidenceC.who everyone has confidence ofD.whom everyone has confidence on【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. for whom everyone has confidence 所有人都信任 B. in whom everyone has confidence 所有人都信任C. who everyone has confidence of 所有人都信任 D. whom everyone has confidence on 所有人都信任【答案】B【考查点】定语从句与固定搭配【解题思路】首先，使用confidence来表达“对某人有信心；信任某人”，其固定搭配为have confidence in sb.；其次，“介词+which”引导定语从句时，介词的选择由从句中位于动词或形容词短语的搭配决定。因此，本题B选项in whom everyone has confidence“所有人都信任”符合要求。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项介词使用不当。【句意】我们需要一个大家都信任的主席。2. 写作题Directions: Present your perspective on the issue below, using relevant reasons and / or examples to support your views.Write a composition of about 350 words entitled An Occupation that Can Bring My Creative Drives and Technical Knowledge into Full Play.【答案】【略】3. 单选题During the Middle Ages, virulent diseases like Bubonic Plague were rampant.问题1选项A.lethalB.communicableC.contagiousD.defective【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. lethal 致命的 B. communicable 会传染的C. contagious 可接触传染的 D. defective 有缺陷的【答案】A【考查点】形容词辨析【解题思路】原句前后语义为“在中世纪，像黑死病这样的_疾病十分猖獗。”由此可知，该形容词修饰的是“疾病（黑死病）”，原词virulent“致命的”，因此A选项lethal“致命的”最符合原句语义。【干扰项排除】B选项communicable“会传染的”，语义与原句不一致；C选项contagious“可接触传染的”，语义与原句不一致；D选项defective“有缺陷的”，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】在中世纪，像黑死病这样的致命疾病十分猖獗。4. 单选题The tree, the branches _ are almost bare, is a very old one.问题1选项A.of whichB.in whichC.for whichD.with which【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. of which 属于什么的 B. in which 在什么里C. for which 为了什么的 D. with which 用什么【答案】A【考查点】从句的关系词【解题思路】首先，从句的句意为“枝干几乎光秃秃的”，主句的句意为“这棵树是一棵很老的树”，主句部分句意完整，从句只是起补充信息的作用，并且从句前有逗号，因此，该从句为非限制性定语从句；其次，the branches与the tree之间为所属关系，即枝干是属于树的一部分，应该使用表示所属关系的介词of。因此，A选项of which满足要求。【干扰项排除】B选项in which，in表示位置；C选项for which，for表示目的；D选项with which，with表示方式或伴随。【句意】枝干几乎已经秃了的那棵树，是一棵很老的树。5. 单选题By 1900, many municipalities had begun to restrict the use of automobiles in order to ensure pedestrian safety.问题1选项A.amplifyB.standardizeC.limitD.prohibit【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. amplify 扩大 B. standardize 使标准化C. limit 限制 D. prohibit 禁止【答案】C【考查点】动词辨析【解题思路】划线词部分语义为“_汽车的使用，以确保行人的安全”，原词restrict“限制”，C选项limit“限制”最符合原文。【干扰项排除】A选项amplify“扩大”，不符合原句语义；B选项standardize“使标准化”，不符合原句语义；D选项prohibit“禁止”，指完全不让使用，不符合原句语义。【句意】到1900年，许多城市开始限制汽车的使用，以确保行人的安全。6. 单选题What a relief it was when the boulders suddenly disappeared, _ to a stretch of plain where the only obstacles were clumps of bushes.问题1选项A.giving wayB.giving inC.gave wayD.gave in【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. giving way 让路（现在分词） B. giving in 屈服（现在分词）C. gave way 让路（过去分词） D. gave in 屈服（过去分词）【答案】A【考查点】非谓语动词与语义衔接【解题思路】前文内容为“大石头突然不见了”，后文内容为“一片平地”，根据前后语义可知，大石头没有了，紧接着的是一片平地，大石头给平地让路更符合语义衔接，空格处为非谓语动词，大石头给平地让路，类似于主动关系，应使用现在分词形式。A选项giving way“让路（现在分词）”符合要求。【干扰项排除】B选项giving in“屈服（现在分词）”，不符合原句语义衔接；C选项gave way“让路（过去分词）”，过去分词形式，表被动，原句中不存在被动关系；D选项gave in“屈服（过去分词）”，不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】突然大石头不见了，前面是一片平地，唯一的障碍只有丛生的灌木，这使我们松了一口气。7. 单选题We dont think it is a good habit for Tom to _ in affairs that are of no concern to him.问题1选项A.impartB.ponderC.aboundD.meddle【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. impart （ sth to sb）通知 B. ponder （ about/on/over sth）仔细思考C. abound （ with/in）充满；富于 D. meddle （ in/with sth）干涉；管闲事【答案】D【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所填词搭配的介词为in，宾语为“与他无关的事”，并且原句对此给出的评价是“不是一个好习惯”，由此可知，D选项“干涉；管闲事”符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、B、C选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】我们认为Tom介入与他无关的事情不是一个好习惯。8. 单选题She considered herself always in the right, and _ anybodys suggestion.问题1选项A.skimpedB.sent downC.sneered atD.submitted to【答案】C【解析】【选项释义】A. skimped 节省；克扣 B. sent down 开除C. sneered at 嘲笑；蔑视 D. submitted to 屈服于【答案】C【考查点】语义衔接【解题思路】空格处所在部分语义为“_任何人的建议”，由前文“她认为自己总是对的”可知，她是一个骄傲自大的人，因此不屑于听取别人的建议，C选项sneered at“嘲笑；蔑视”符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】A、B、D选项不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】她认为自己总是对的，对任何人的建议都嗤之以鼻。9. 单选题Barack Obama is the freshest face in the early lineup of presidential candidates. Is he too fresh? Would eight years in the Illinois State Senate, and four in the U.S. Senate qualify him for the Oval office in 2008? American political history gives an answer: a resounding “probably”.Thirty-seven men have been elected President since 1789, and the American people have applied two different standards in evaluating their achievements. The first was formulated by Alexander Hamilton who test-drove the presidency in Federalist papers. The difficulty of winning the job he argued, virtually guaranteed it would be held by the best men. “Talents for low intrigue, and the little art of popularity”, could “elevate a man to the first honors in a single state”. But only “characters pre-eminent for ability and virtue” could impress the nation as a whole. The first seven Presidents, who filled the job for almost a half-century, confirmed Hamiltons prediction. George Washington, John Adams and Thomas Jefferson were heroes of the American Revolution. James Madison was prime mover in the push to write and ratify the Constitution. James, Monroe and John Quincy Adams had signal triumphs: Monroe successfully fought against the English troops during the war in 1814, and Adams, as Monroes Secretary of State, conceived the Monroe Doctrine, which waved Europe off the western hemisphere. Andrew Jackson, the frontier warrior, beat the Creek Indians in the old southwest and British in New Orleans.It was not until the eighth President Martin Van Buren that American aimed lower. Van Buren was a smooth self-made man from upstate New York who clambered to leadership first in his state, then in the Democratic Party nationwide. He was a wire puller and wheeler-dealer. Former President John Quincy Adams praised his “calmness”, “gentleness” and “discretion”, though not his “profound dissimulation (掩饰)” and “fawning (讨好) servility”. Van Buren was a pol, first, last and always. He showed that intrigue and the art of popularity were now enough to win the White House. Since 1841, most successful presidential candidates have passed the Van Buren test. The electorate wants leaders who have played the game, even they havent been All-Stars. Its a low but sensible hurdle; Obama qualifies by that standard.Voters also dont take kindly to non-politicians: two businessmen, Wendell Willkie and Ross Perot, made serious runs for the White House, although neither came close. Americans will elect a political neophyte (新手) only if he passes the Hamilton test of pre-eminent ability, Ulysses S. Grant and Dwight Eisenhower had never held elective office, but they won their wars. Some Presidents pass both tests: Theodore Roosevelt fought well in the Spanish-American War and in New York State politics. Among the prospective 2008 candidates, only one has shown pre-eminent ability: Rudy Guiliani, in solving the crime problem in the nations largest city and in his response to 9/11.But is pre-eminent ability a reliable predictor of success? It doesnt guarantee victory at the polls. Henry Clay was master of legislative finesse who helped broker the Missouri Compromises of 18201821, a deal between slave states and free states that kept the two sides from each others throats for 30 years. Yet he failed to become President in three tries. Great achievements dont guarantee great presidencies even when the pre-eminent man wins. The Eisenhower Administration, scorned by eggheads of the left and right while it was going on, has revised upward by later scholars, and a similar process is lifting Grants presidency from the cellar to which an unholy alliance of neo-Confederates and genteel reformers had consigned it. But neither man will ever be considered as great in peace as he was in war.There have also been ordinary-seeming politicians who became epoch-making Presidents. After the 1932 Democratic, Convention picked New York governor Franklin D. Roosevelt, journalist H. L. Mencken described him as a man “whose competence was plainly in doubt.” The Republican nomination of one-term Illinois congressman Abraham Lincoln in 1860 brought this sneer from diarist George Templeton Strong: “He cut a great many rails, and worked on a flatboat in early youth; all which is somehow presumptive evidence of his statesmanship.”Statesmanship is an art, which means there is always room for inspiration, and for grace. We are right to look for a record of pre-eminent ability when we can find it. But the basic doctrine of republican government, that all men are created equal, can be a surprise bonus for some leaders, as well as a guarantee of rights for all of us. Sometimes greatness appears in unlikely places, even in ordinary pols from Illinois.1. In Hamiltons view, “the best men” include all the following EXCEPT _.2. Van Buren could win the presidency NOT because _.3. Which of the following is not proper?4. The word “finesses” the fifth paragraph probably means _.5. What does this passage mainly talk about?问题1选项A.those who are capable and noble-mindedB.those who have the art of popularityC.those who confirmed Hamiltons predictionD.John Adams who made great achievement问题2选项A.of his intrigue and the art of popularityB.he was a self-made man from upstate New YorkC.of his “profound dissimulation” and “fawning servility”D.the Americans changed their standards问题3选项A.Hamilton thought that the best men would hold the presidency.B.Neither great abilities nor achievements ensure the successful presidency.C.All the presidents from the war were slightly criticized by the public.D.Even a freshman can be elected as President if he is prominent in ability.问题4选项A.intrigueB.approachC.measureD.skill问题5选项A.Obama will probably become President according to the American history.B.All the presidential candidates should pass both the two mentioned tests.C.Who will be the next U.S. President is still not clear before election.D.Any presidential candidates would break the Hamilton and Van Burens tests.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:D第5题:C【解析】第1题:【选项释义】In Hamiltons view, “the best men” include all the following EXCEPT _. 在汉密尔顿（Hamilton）看来，“最优秀的人”包括以下所有人，除了_。A. those who are capable and noble-minded A. 那些德才兼备的人B. those who have the art of popularity B. 那些有受欢迎的技巧的人C. those who confirmed Hamiltons prediction C. 那些证实汉密尔顿预测的人D. John Adams who made great achievement D. 取得了巨大成就的约翰亚当斯（John Adams）【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Hamiltons view和the best men定位到原文第二段。本段第三、四、五句提到“他认为，赢得这份工作的难度，实际上保证了这份工作将由最优秀的人（the best men）担任”，“低级阴谋的天赋和受欢迎的小技巧（the little art of popularity）只会给人带来一个州里（he first honors in a single state）的最高荣誉”，“但只有德才兼得（pre-eminent for ability and virtue）的人，才能给整个国家留下深刻印象（impress the nation as a whole）”。由此可知，汉密尔顿认为“有受欢迎的小技巧”的人只能在一个州的范围内有所成就，他们不是能够成为总统的最优秀的人。因此，B选项“那些有受欢迎的技巧的人”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“那些德才兼备的人”，由【解题思路】可知，“德才兼备的人”是汉密尔顿认为的最优秀的人，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；C选项“那些证实汉密尔顿预测的人”，可定位到原文第二段第六句，该句提到“前七任总统，证实了汉密尔顿的预言（confirmed Hamiltons prediction）。”由此可知，这些人证实了汉密尔顿的预测，他们成功担任了美国的总统，说明他们是最优秀的人。该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；D选项“取得了巨大成就的约翰亚当斯”，可定位到原文第二段第七句，该句提到“乔治华盛顿、约翰亚当斯（John Adams）和托马斯杰斐逊是美国独立战争的英雄。”由此可知，约翰亚当斯是美国前七任总统之一，那么他也属于汉密尔顿认为的最优秀的人。该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰。第2题:【选项释义】Van Buren could win the presidency NOT because _. 范布伦（Van Buren）能够赢得总统大选并不是因为_。A. of his intrigue and the art of popularity A. 他的秘密谋划和受欢迎的技巧B. he was a self-made man from upstate New York B. 他是一个来自纽约北部的白手起家的人C. of his “profound dissimulation” and “fawning servility” C. 他“彻底的掩饰”和“讨好的奴性”D. the Americans changed their standards D. 美国人改变了他们的标准【答案】B【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词Van Buren定位到原文第三段。本题谈论的是范布伦赢得总统大选的原因，并且要求选择不是原因的那一项。本段第二句提到“范布伦是一个来自纽约北部的白手起家的圆滑的（a smooth self-made man from upstate New York）人”，其中“来自纽约北部、白手起家”只是对范布伦背景的介绍，并不是他当选的原因。因此，B选项“他是一个来自纽约北部的白手起家的人”符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“他的秘密谋划和受欢迎的技巧”，可定位到原文第三段倒数第四句，该句提到“他向世人表明，如今，阴谋和受欢迎的技巧（intrigue and the art of popularity）已经足以赢得白宫（win the White House）。”“赢得白宫”即获取总统大选的胜利，入主白宫。由此可知，“阴谋和受欢迎的技巧”是范布伦赢得胜利的原因，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；C选项“他彻底的掩饰和讨好的奴性”，可定位到原文第三段第四句，该句提到“前总统亚当斯称赞他冷静、彬彬有礼和谨慎，虽然不是他的彻底的掩饰（profound dissimulation）和讨好的奴性（fawning servility）。”由此可知，“彻底的掩饰”和“讨好的奴性”的确是范布伦的特点，只不过不是前总统赞赏的点罢了。实际上这是A选项“他的秘密谋划和受欢迎的技巧”的体现。因此，该选项也是他赢得大选的原因，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰；D选项“美国人改变了他们的标准”，可定位到原文第三段第一句，该句提到“直到第八任总统马丁范布伦，美国人的目标才降低了（American aimed lower）。”由此可知，美国的前七任总统都是优秀的人，到了第八任总统时，美国人的标准降低了，范布伦才能当选。因此，该选项也是他赢得大选的原因，该选项不符合题意，属于反向干扰。第3题:【选项释义】Which of the following is not proper? 下列哪一项是不正确的？A. Hamilton thought that the best men would hold the presidency. A. 汉密尔顿认为最好的人会担任总统。B. Neither great abilities nor achievements ensure the successful presidency. B. 强大的能力和伟大的成就都不能保证成为成功的总统。C. All the presidents from the war were slightly criticized by the public. C. 所有参战的总统都受到了公众的轻微批评。D. Even a freshman can be elected as President if he is prominent in ability. D. 如果能力突出，即使是新手，也能被选为总统。【答案】C【考查点】事实细节题【解题思路】根据题干关键词not proper可知，本题要求选择的是表述不符合原文的一项。原文第四段第二句提到“只有通过了关于卓越能力的汉密尔顿测试，美国人才会选出一位政治新手，尤利塞斯格兰特和艾森豪威尔虽然从未担任某一职务，但他们赢得了战争（they won their wars）。”由此可知，在美国人看来，赢取战争的胜利是总统的成就之一。另外，虽然第五段第五句提到“伟大的成就并不能保证（dont guarantee）整个总统任期内都伟大”，并且最后一句提到“在和平时期，没有一个人会像在战争时期那样伟大”，但是，这只是说明，有些在战争时期有成就的总统，在和平的时期可能没那么优秀，但并不能说明所有参战的总统都会受到公众的批评，C选项“所有参战的总统都受到了公众的轻微批评”属于过度推理，表述错误，符合题意。【干扰项排除】A选项“汉密尔顿认为最优秀的人会担任总统”，可定位到原文第二段第三句，该句提到“他（即汉密尔顿）认为，赢得这份工作的难度，实际上保证了这份工作将由最优秀的人担任（it would be held by the best men）。”由此可知，汉密尔顿认为最优秀的人才会当选总统。因此，该选项表述正确，不符合题意，属于反向干扰；B选项“强大的能力和伟大的成就都不能保证成为成功的总统”，可定位到原文第五段。本段第一、二句提到“卓越的能力（pre-eminent ability）是成功的可靠预测因素吗？它不能保证在选举中获胜（doesnt guarantee victory）。”本段第五句提到“伟大的成就（Great achievements）并不能保证（dont guarantee）整个总统任期内都伟大，即使是卓越的人获胜。”由此可知，能力优秀不一定能当选总统，伟大的成就并不意味着总统在任期内是一个优秀的总统。因此，该选项表述正确，不符合题意，属于反向干扰；D选项“如果能力突出，即使是新手，也能被选为总统”，可定位到原文第四段第二句，该句提到“只有通过了关于卓越能力的汉密尔顿测试（passes the Hamilton test of pre-eminent ability），美国人才会选出一位政治新手（elect a political neophyte）”。由此可知，拥有卓越的能力的人，即使是政治小白，也有可能获选。因此，该选项表述正确，不符合题意，属于反向干扰。第4题:【选项释义】The word “finesses” the fifth paragraph probably means _. 第五段“finesses”这个词的意思可能是_。A. intrigue A. 阴谋B. approach B. 方法C. measure C. 措施D. skill D. 技能【答案】D【考查点】词汇推测题【解题思路】根据题干关键词finesses和the fifth paragraph定位到第五段第三句，该句提到“亨利克莱（Henry Clay）是立法_的大师，他帮助促成了1820-1821年的密苏里妥协案，奴隶州和自由州之间达成了一项协议，使双方在30年的时间里互不干涉。”前文提到“卓越的能力（pre-eminent ability）并不能保证当选总统”，由此可知，该词应该是一个褒义词，体现的是亨利制定协议的能力。D选项“技能”与能力的语义最接近。【干扰项排除】A选项“阴谋”，贬义词，不符合语境；B选项“方法”，没有“技能”语义接近；C选项“措施”，没有“技能”语义接近。第5题:【选项释义】What does this passage mainly talk about? 这篇文章主要讲的是什么？A. Obama will probably become President according to the American history. A. 根据美国历史传统，奥巴马很可能会成为总统。B. All the presidential candidates should pass both the two mentioned tests. B. 所有的总统候选人都应该通过提到的两项测试。C. Who will be the next U.S. President is still not clear before election. C. 在选举前谁将成为下一任美国总统还不清楚。D. Any presidential candidates would break the Hamilton and Van Burens tests. D. 任何总统候选人都不会通过汉密尔顿和范布伦的测试。【答案】C【考查点】主旨大意题【解题思路】梳理各段核心句：第一段：最后一句“根据美国政治史，奥巴马可能成为美国的总统”，本段引出话题美国总统选举的政治传统；第二段：第一、二句“美国人民有两种评价总统成就的标准（two different standards in evaluating their achievements），第一种是汉密尔顿提出的能力标准，即最优秀的人担任总统（held by the best men）”；第三段：倒数第四句“他向世人表明，如今，阴谋和受欢迎的技巧（intrigue and the art of popularity）已经足以赢得白宫”，以上两段介绍的是美国选民选择总统的两个标准；第四段：第一句“选民也不喜欢非政治家（dont take kindly to non-politicians）”；第二句“美国人会选择一个政治新手，前提是他能通过汉密尔顿关于卓越能力的测试，尤利西斯和艾森豪威尔从未担任过选举公职，但他们赢得了战争”，本段依旧在介绍选民的喜好，他们不喜欢非政治家，但是能力强或者能够赢得战争也是受欢迎的点；第五段：第一、二句“但是卓越的能力是成功的可靠预测因素吗？它不能保证在选举中获胜。”第五句“伟大的成就并不能保证整个总统任期都伟大”，本段介绍的是两种不符合前文提到的两个标准的例子；第六段：第一句“有一些看似平凡的政治家（ordinary-seeming politicians）成为了划时代的总统（became epoch-making Presidents）”，本段也在介绍反例，看似平凡的人也有可能成就伟大；第七段：最后一句“有时伟大出现在不可能出现的地方（greatness appears in unlikely places），甚至在伊利诺伊州的普通政客中”，最后一段总结全文，成为总统的可能是意想不到的人；综上所述，本文通过奥巴马的例子引入对于美国总统选举的讨论，第二、三、四段介绍两种标准和选民的喜好；第四、五段介绍不符合标准的情况；最后一段总结全文，成为总统的可能是意想不到的人。因此，C选项“在选举前谁将成为下一任美国总统还不清楚”最符合全文主旨。【干扰项排除】A选项“根据美国历史传统，奥巴马很可能会成为总统”，虽然文章首尾两段都提到了“奥巴马可能当选”，但奥巴马只是本文引入话题的例子，并不是本文介绍的主要内容，该选项属于以偏概全；B选项“所有的总统候选人都应该通过提到的两项测试”，第五、六段也提到了不符合这两个标准的例子，该选项属于反向干扰，不符合原文；D选项“任何总统候选人都不会通过汉密尔顿和范布伦的测试”，原文第二段第六句，该句提到“前七任总统，证实了汉密尔顿的预言（confirmed Hamiltons prediction）。”汉密尔顿认为当选总统的都是最优秀的人，前七任总统都符合。原文第三段倒数第三句提到“自1841年以来，大多数成功的总统候选人都通过了范布伦测试（have passed the Van Buren test）”因此，该选项属于反向干扰，表述不符合原文。10. 单选题Agreement made by the President with other countries _ the approval of the Senate.问题1选项A.is subjected toB.is subject toC.subjectedD.subject【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. is subjected to 遭到；受到 B. is subject to 受支配于C. subjected 使遭受（过去分词） D. subject 受支配的；取决于，adj.【答案】B【考查点】短语辨析【解题思路】空格处为原句缺少的谓语，前后语义为“总统与其他国家达成的协议_经参议院批准。”由此可知，该句表达的是总统签订的协议需要经过参议员的审批，is subject to the approval of the Senate“需要经过参议员的审批”，B选项is subject to“受支配于”符合语义。【干扰项排除】A选项is subjected to“遭到；受到”，指使（某人/某事物）经历、遭受不愉快的事情或受不愉快的事物的影响；C选项subjected“使遭受（过去分词）”，不符合语境；D选项subject“受支配的；取决于，adj.”，不能单独做谓语。【句意】总统与其他国家达成的协议需经参议院批准。11. 单选题A team of scientist reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Artie, and a second team reported a still _ claim.问题1选项A.controversialB.solitaryC.superficialD.peculiar【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. controversial 有争议的 B. solitary 单独的C. superficial 肤浅的 D. peculiar 奇怪的【答案】A【考查点】修饰语与被修饰语的搭配【解题思路】空格处所填词修饰的是claim，指尚未被证实的对某事的真实性的陈述，因此A选项controversial“有争议的”最符合原文尚未被证实的意项。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项与被修饰语claim搭配不当。【句意】一个小组的科学家报告了阿蒂冰川分布模式的巨大变化，另一个小组报告了一个仍有争议的说法。12. 翻译题The roles of admission into the world economy not only reflect little awareness of developing priorities, they are often completely unrelated to sensible economic principles. For instance, WTO agreements on antidumping, subsidies and countervailing measures, agriculture, textiles, and trade-related intellectual property rights lack any economic rationale beyond the mercantilist interest of a narrow set of powerful groups in advanced industrial countries. Bilateral and regional trade agreements are typically far worse, as they impose even tighter prerequisites on developing countries in return for crumbs of enhanced “market access”. For example, the African Growth and Opportunity Act signed by U.S. President Clinton in May 2000 provides increased access to the U.S. market only if African apparel manufacturers use U.S. produced fabric and yams. This restriction severely limits the potential economic spillover in African countries.【答案】加入世界经济的作用在于不仅反映出人们对发展重点的认识不足，而且往往与合理的经济原则完全无关。例如，WTO关于反倾销、补贴和反补贴措施、农业、纺织品以及与贸易有关的知识产权等的协议，除了发达工业国家中少数强大集团的重商主义利益之外，缺乏其他任何经济依据。而双边和区域贸易协定通常要糟糕得多，因为它们要求发展中国家满足更严格的先决条件，来换取少量的“市场准入”。例如，美国总统克林顿2000年5月签署的非洲增长与机会法案规定，非洲服装制造商只有使用美国生产的织物和棉纱，才能扩大进入美国市场的机会。这一限制严重限制了非洲国家潜在的经济溢出效应。13. 单选题Mark was absolutely _ by the puzzle, so he was confused and didnt know how to deal with it.问题1选项A.baffledB.barteredC.batteredD.barged【答案】A【解析】【选项释义】A. baffled 困惑 B. bartered 以物换物C. battered 连续猛击 D. barged 冲撞【答案】A【考查点】语义衔接与形近词辨析【解题思路】空格所在部分的语义为“马克（Mark）完全被这个谜题_了”，根据后文“他很困惑（was confused），不知道该如何处理”推测，这个谜题是马克非常困惑，不知道怎么解决，A选项baffled“困惑”最符合原句语义衔接。【干扰项排除】B、C、D选项都是正确选项的形近词，但不符合原句语义衔接。【句意】马克完全被这个难题难住了，所以他很困惑，不知道该如何处理它。14. 单选题Every Community requires a wholesome dependable supply of water, and every community generates liquid and solid wastes.问题1选项A.considerableB.healthfulC.immediateD.safe【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. considerable 相当多（或大、重要等）的 B. healthful 有益健康的C. immediate 立即的 D. safe 安全的【答案】B【考查点】形容词辨析【解题思路】原句语义为“每个社区都需要_可靠的水供应”，原词wholesome“有益健康的”，B选项healthful“有益健康的”最符合原句语义。【干扰项排除】A选项considerable“相当多（或大、重要等）的”，不符合原句语义；C选项immediate“立即的”，不符合原句语义；D选项safe“安全的”，指不危害健康的，没有B选项符合原文。【句意】每个社区都需要健康可靠的水供应，每个社区都产生液体废物和固体废物。15. 单选题The sam