2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第42期

2022-2023年考博英语-华南师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题My（ ）is for wild flowers rather than cultivated ones.问题1选项A.inclinationB.favoriteC.preferenceD.fondness【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: inclination “意向；倾向；爱好”；B: favorite “特别喜爱的人（或物）”；C: preference “喜好；偏好；偏爱”；D: fondness “喜欢；喜爱”。 句意：我偏爱野生花而不是栽培花。根据语境和句意，这里含有比较级结构，因此C最合适。2. 单选题The（ ）of the apartment to his office was an advantage on rainy days.问题1选项A.vicinityB.neighborhoodC.surroundingsD.confines【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: vicinity “附近，邻近；附近地区” ；B: neighborhood “地区；某地区的人”；C: surroundings “（周围的）环境事物；环境”；D: confines “境界；限度；范围”。句意：这公寓离他的办公室很近，在雨天时是一大优势。根据语境可知A为正确答案。3. 单选题Maggie tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it（ ）when she was trying to go to sleep.问题1选项A.soundingB.hummingC.tickingD.ringing【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: sound “作声，发声，响” ；B: hum “发连续低沉的声音（如蜜 蜂、马达的嗡嗡声）”；C: tick “发出滴答声”；D: ring “鸣，发出清脆响亮的声音”。句意：麦琪蹑手蹑脚走过来把钟拿走了，因为她讨厌在自己想睡觉的时候听它滴答地响。结合此处语境，修饰的是闹钟声，故C为正确答案。4. 单选题I cannot give you（ ）for the type of car you sell because there is no demand for it in the market.问题1选项A.an expenseB.a chargeC.a purchaseD.an order【答案】D【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: an expense “花费”；B: a charge “收费”；C: a purchase “购买”；D: an order “订单、订购”。句意：我不能定购你们出售的这种车，因为没有市场需求。结合此处语境，谈及到没有市场需求，因此D为正确答案。5. 单选题On many issues John and Mary found themselves seriously（ ）.问题1选项A.at oddsB.at randomC.at intervalsD.at haphazard【答案】A【解析】考查词组。A: at odds “争执；不一致” ；B: at random “随机地”；C: at intervals “不时”；D: at haphazard “偶然地”。句意：约翰和玛丽发现他们自己在许多问题上不一致。根据句意，A为正确答案。6. 单选题Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths. At the top of the list is the notion that intelligence is measured by your ability to solve complex problems; to read, write and compute at certain levels, and to resolve abstract equations quickly. This vision of intelligence asserts formal education and bookish excellence as the true measures self-fulfillment. It encourages a kind of intellectual prejudice that has brought with it some discouraging results. We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is intelligent. Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day.If you are happy if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are intelligent person. Problem solving is a useful help to your happiness, but if you know that given your inability to resolve a particular concern you can still choose happiness for yourself, or at a minimum refuse to choose unhappiness, then you are intelligent, your are intelligent because you have the ultimate weapon against the big N.B.D Nervous Break Down.“Intelligent people do not have N. B.Ds because they are in charge of themselves. They know how to choose happiness over depression because they know how to deal with the problems of their lives.You can begin to think of yourself as truly intelligent on the basis of how you choose to feel in the face of trying circumstances. The life struggles are pretty much the same for each of usEveryone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties Disagreements, conflict and compromises are a part of what it means to be human. Similarly, money, growing old, sickness, deaths, natural disasters and accidents are all events which present problems to virtually all human being. But some people are able to make it, to avoid immobilizing depression and unhappiness despite such occurrences, while others collapse or have an N.B.D.Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.1.According to the author the conventional notion of intelligence measured in terms of ones ability to read, write and compute（ ）.2.It is implied in the passage that holding a university degree（ ）.3.The author thinks that an intelligent person knows（ ）.4.In the last paragraph, the author tells us that（ ）.5.According to the passage, what kind of people are rare?问题1选项A.is a widely held but wrongB.will help eliminate intellectual prejudiceC.the root of all mental distressD.will contribute to ones self fulfillment问题2选项A.may result in ones inability to solve complex real- life problem:B.does not indicate ones ability to write properly worded documentsC.may make one mentally sick and physically weakD.does not mean that one is highly intelligent问题3选项A.how to put up with some very prevalent mythsB.how to find the best way to achieve success in lifeC.how to avoid depression and make his life worthwhileD.how to persuade others to compromise问题4选项A.difficulties are but part of everyone s lifeB.depression and unhappiness are unavoidable in lifeC.everybody should learn to avoid trying circumstancesD.good feelings can contribute to eventual academic excellence问题5选项A.Those who dont emphasize bookish excellence in their pursuit of happinessB.Those who are not aware of difficulties in life but know how to avoid unhappinessC.Those who measure happiness by an absence of problems but seldom suffer from N. B.Ds.D.Those who are able to secure happiness though having to struggle against trying circumstances【答案】第1题:A第2题:D第3题:C第4题:A第5题:B【解析】1.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段“Taking charge of yourself involves putting to rest some very prevalent myths” 中文翻译为“对自己负责包括平息一些非常流行的神话。”结合语境，因此A为最佳选项。2.细节推理题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “We have come to believe that someone who has more educational merit badges, who is very good at some form of school discipline is intelligent Yet mental hospitals are filled with patients who have all of the properly lettered certificates. ” 中文翻译为：我们开始相信，那些拥有更多教育价值徽章并且非常擅长某种形式的 学校纪律的人是聪明的。然而，精神病院里挤满了那些拥有所有字母证书的病人。可以得知D选项符合题意。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第一段中 “A truer indicator of intelligence is an effective, happy life lived each day and each present moment of every day. ” 中文翻译为更真实的智力指标是一种有效的、幸福的生活，活在每一天和当下的每一刻。以及“If you are happy, if you live each moment for everything its worth, then you are an intelligent person.”，中文翻译为：如果你快乐，每一分钟都过得值得，那么你就是聪明的人。此外“They know how to choose happiness over depression.”，中文翻译为：聪明的人知道如何选择幸福而不是沮丧。因此，C最符合题意。4.细节事实题。根据题干定位到原文最后一段 “Everyone who is involved with other human beings in any social context has similar difficulties. Disagreements, conflicts and compromises are a part of what it means to be human.”，中文翻译为：“每个在任何社会环境中与其他人打交道的人都有类似的困难。分歧、冲突和妥协是作为人的意义的一部分。”故A最符合题意。5.细节事实题。根据题干可以定位到原文“Those who recognize problems as a human condition and dont measure happiness by an absence of problems are the most intelligent kind of humans we know; also, the most rare.” 中文翻译为：“那些能够懂得各种困难是人生难免的状况，不以是否遭遇问题来衡量幸福与否的人是最聪明，也是出类拔萃的。”可以得知B项最为符合。7. 单选题The work is not very profitable（ ）cash, but I am getting valuable experience from it.问题1选项A.in accordance withB.on the basis ofC.in terms ofD.in the light of【答案】C【解析】考查介词短语辨析题。A: in accordance with “与一致” ；B: on the basis of “基于”；C: in terms of “在方面”；D: in the light of “根据”。句意：这项工作在金钱方面没什么优势，但是我却从中得到了宝贵的经验。结合此处语义，C为正确答案。8. 单选题If I take this medicine twice a day it should（ ）my cold.问题1选项A.heatB.cureC.treatD.recover【答案】B【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: heat “使温暖，使发热” ；B: cure “治疗，治愈”；C: treat “对待；治疗”；D: recover “恢复；重新获得”。句意：假如这种药我一天吃两次，它就可以治愈我的感冒。结合此处语境，和感冒相关，故B为正确答案。9. 单选题Her professional ethics is now being questioned since she often（ ）her reports to suit the people she is speaking to.问题1选项A.disfiguresB.deformsC.misshapesD.distorts【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A: disfigures “丑化”；B: deforms “使变形”；C: misshapes “变成畸形”；D: distorts “扭曲”。句意：她专业的伦理学现在正被质疑，因为她经常扭曲她的报告来迎合她交谈的人。根据句意，D符合题意。10. 单选题He（ ）my authority by allowing the children to do things that I have forbidden.问题1选项A.impairedB.disabledC.underminedD.undid【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: impair “损伤” ；B: disable “使失去能力”；C: undermine “破坏，渐渐破坏”；D: undo “取消”。句意：他通过允许孩子们做我明令禁止的事情，破坏了我的权威。结合句意，故C为正确答案。11. 单选题After completing the big dictionary which was popularly received by readers, this famous scholar set out to compile a（ ）to it.问题1选项A.complementB.supplementC.accessoryD.helper【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: complement“补足物” ；B: supplement “增补，补充”；C: accessory “附件”；D: helper“助手”。句意：在完成了这部被读者普遍接受的大字典之后，这位著名的学者打算对其补充。根据句意判断出B为正确答案。12. 单选题The accuracy of scientific observations and calculations is always at the mercy of the scientists timekeeping methods. For this reason scientists are interested in devices that give promise of more precise timekeeping.In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their “ticking”. This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration. The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example: vibrates or “ticks” 24 billion times a second.One such atomic clock is so accurate that it will probably lose no more than a second in 3000 years. It will be of great importance in fields such as astronomical observation and long-range navigation. The heart of this Atomichron is a cesium atom that -vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.An atomic clock that operates with an ammonia molecule may be used to check the accuracy of predictions based on Einsteins relativity theories, according to which a clock in motion and a clock at rest should keep time differently. Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18, 000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time reading to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model. Whatever differences developed would be checked against the differences predicted.1.Scientists expect that the atomic clock will be（ ）.2.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?3.It could be inferred from the passage that（ ）.4.The word “vibration” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to（ ）.5.Which of the following can best summarize the passage?问题1选项A.absolutely accurateB.more precise.C.heat-resistantD.different in vibration问题2选项A.Temperature changes affect the vibration rate of ammonia molecules.B.The rate of vibration of an atom does not vary.C.Einsteins relativity theories are based on the vibration of atoms.D.Temperature changes may affect the speed at which atoms travel.问题3选项A.precise timekeeping is not possible at allB.scientists expect to disprove Einsteins relativity theoriesC.atomic clocks will be important in space flightD.clock in motion and a dock at rest keep time differently.问题4选项A.pulseB.precisionC.movementD.accuracy问题5选项A.Peacetime use of the atomsB.Atoms and moleculesC.The satellite timekeepersD.The role of the clock in the astronomy【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:A第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段“In their search for precision, scientists have turned to atomic clocks that depend on various vibrating atoms or molecules to supply their ticking.”，中文翻译为：在追求精确性过程中，科学家们已经转向于原子钟，它依赖于各种振动的原子或分子，以提供它们的“滴答声”。综合可知，B选项符合题意，科学家们希望原子钟更加准确。2.细节事实题。由题干可以定位到文章第三段中 “The heart of this Atomichron is a cesium atom that vibrates 9.2 billion times a second when heated to the temperature of boiling water.”，中文翻译为：这个原子钟的中心是一个铯原子，当加热到沸水的温度时，它每秒振动92亿次。因此，A项“温度变化影响氨分子的振动速率”正确。3.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章尾段“Placed in an orbiting satellite moving at a speed of 18, 000 miles an hour, the clock could broadcast its time reading to a ground station, where they would be compared with the readings on a similar model.”，中文翻译为：在以每小时18000英里的速度运行的轨道卫星中，时钟可以将其时间读数广播到地面站，并在地面站与类似模型上的读数进行比较。可以推测出C选项“原子钟在太空飞行中将起重要作用”。4.词义猜测题。由题干关键词 “vibration” 可以定位到文中 “This is possible because each kind of atom or molecule has its own characteristic rate of vibration.”，中文翻译为：这是可能的，因为每种原子或分子都有其特有的速率。以及 “The nitrogen atom in ammonia, for example: vibrates or ticks 24 billion times a second.”，中文翻译为：例如，氨中的氮原子每秒或“滴答”240亿次。可以得知A选项“振动”正确。5.主旨大意题。通读全文可知文中主要介绍原子钟的计时精确度、特性和相关原理，以及它在天文领域的一些应用。推测出A选项“和平时期原子的使用”正确。13. 单选题The fact that the golden eagle usually builds its nest on some high cliffs（ ）it almost impossible to obtain the eggs or the young birds.问题1选项A.rendersB.reckonsC.regardsD.relates【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项 render “致使”；B选项 reckon “计算；认为，把看作”；C选项 regard “看待，认为”；D选项 relate “有联系，连接”。句意：金雕通常将巢筑在高高的悬崖上，这一事实使得获取鸟蛋或小鸟几乎不可能。结合句意，可知A选项正确。14. 单选题As one of the youngest professors in the university, Mr. Brown is certainly on the（ ）brilliant career.问题1选项A.porchB.thresholdC.edgeD.course【答案】B【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A: porch “阳台” ；B: threshold “开端；门槛”；C: edge “边缘”；D: course “课程；航线”。句意：作为学院最年轻的教授之一，布朗先生必然是正处于辉煌事业的起点。结合语境，故B为正确答案。15. 单选题You dont have to install this radio in your new car, its an（ ）extra.问题1选项A.excessiveB.optionalC.additionalD.arbitrary【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析题。A选项 excessive “过多的，过分的，额外的”；B选项 optional “可选择的，随意的”；C选项 additional “另外的，附加的，额外的”；D选项 arbitrary “任意的，武断的，独裁的”。句意：你不一定非得在新车上安装收音机，它是可选的配件。结合此处语义，B选项正确。16. 翻译题Translate the following passage into English.历史和个人的经历共同教育了那些处境不佳的人。他们在奋斗的道路上战胜重重困难， 跨越种种障碍。不少穷人自学成才，通过鼓足勇气坚忍不拔地前进，取得卓越成就而赢得了全世界的瞩目和尊敬。一生依赖别人帮助的人，在危机的时刻很少有所作为。当不幸来临时，他会四处寻求依靠。如果没有依靠，他将垂头丧气。一旦垂头丧气，他们就会像一只翻了身的乌龟，毫无办法。许多男孩出人意料地成功了，仅仅是因为他失去了一切支持而不得不自立。【答案】History and personal experience together educate the poor. They overcome many difficulties and obstacles in the course of struggle. Many poor people have become talents by self-study. They have achieved remarkable achievements and won the attention and respect from the world through forging ahead with courage and perseverance.The man who depends on others for his life seldom makes a difference in times of crisis. When misfortune comes, he will seek to help everywhere. He will be low spirits without support. Once depressed, they, like a turtle that has turned over, have nothing to do with it. Many boys are surprisingly successful simply because he lose all support and has to stand on his own feet.17. 单选题A Dictionary of the English Language,（ ）by Dr. Samuel Johnson, was the first real attempt as a systematic and interestingly written survey of English usage.问题1选项A.constructedB.composedC.compiledD.collected【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A: construct “构造，建造；创立”；B: compose “构成；写作”；C: compile“编辑”；D: collect“收集；募捐”。句意：英语词典是由塞缪尔约翰逊博士编译的，是第一次真正作为一个系统且有趣的书面研究英语的尝试。结合语境，此处表示编辑英语词典，故C为正确答案。18. 单选题The first mention of slavery in the statutes of the English colonies of North America does not occur until after 1660some forty years after the importation of the first Black people. Lest we think that slavery existed in fact before it did in law, Oscar and Mary Handlin assure us, that the status of Black people down to the 1660s was that of servants. A critique of the Hanlins interpretation of why legal slavery did not appear until the 1660s suggests that assumptions about the relation between slavery and racial prejudice should be reexamined, and that explanation for the different treatment of Black slaves in North and South America should be expanded.The Handlins explain the appearance of legal slavery by arguing that, during the 1660s, the position of While servants was improving relative to that of Black servants. Thus, the Handlins contend, Black and White servants, here to fore treated alike, each attained a different status. There are, however, important objections to this argument. First, the Handlins cannot adequately demonstrate that the White servants position was improving, during and after the 1660s; several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures indicate otherwise. Another flaw in the Handlin interpretation is their assumption that prior to the establishment of legal slavery there was no discrimination against Black people. It is true that before the 1660s Black people were rarely called slaves. But this should not overshadow evidence from the 1630s on chat points to racial discrimination without using the term slavery. Such discrimination sometimes, stopped short of lifetime servitude or inherited status-the two attributes of true slavery-yet in other cases it included both. The Handlins argument excludes the real possibility that Black people in the English colonies were never treated as the equals of White people.The possibility has important ramifications. If from the outset Black people were discriminated against, then legal slavery should be viewed as a reflection and an extension of racial prejudice rather than, as many historians including the Handlins have argued, the cause of prejudice. In addition, the existence of discrimination before the advent of legal slavery offers a further explanation for the harsher treatment of Black slaves in North than in South AmericA.Freyre and Tannenbaum have rightly argued that the lack of certain traditions in North America- such as a Roman conception of slavery and a Roman Catholic emphasis on equalityexplains why the treatment of Black slaves was more severe there than in the Spanish and Portuguese colonies of South AmericA.But this cannot be the whole explanation since it is merely based only on a lack of something. A more compelling explanation is that the early and sometimes extreme racial discrimination in the English colonies helped determine the particular nature of the slavery that followed.1.Which of the following is the most logical inference to be drawn from the passage about the effects of “several acts of the Maryland and Virginia legislatures” (lines 11) passed during and after the 1660s?2.With which of the following statements regarding the status of Black people in the English colonies of North America before the 1660s would the author be LEAST likely to agree?3.According to the passage, the Handlins have argued which of the following about the relationship between racial prejudice and the institution of legal slavery in the English colonies of North America?4.The passage suggests that the existence of a Roman conception of slavery in Spanish and Portuguese colonies had the effect of（ ）.5.The author considers the Freyre and Tannenbaum for the treatment accorded Black slaves in the English colonies of North America to be（ ）.问题1选项A.The acts negatively affected the pre-1660s position of Black as well as of white servantsB.The acts had the effect of imparting rather than improving the position of White servants relative to what it had been before the 1660sC.The acts had a different effect on the position of White servants than did many of the acts passed during this time by the legislatures of other coloniesD.The acts, at the very least caused the position of White servants to remain no better than it had been before the 1660s问题2选项A.Although Black people were not legally considered to be slaves, they were often called slavesB.Although subject to some discrimination; Black people had a height legal status than they did after the 1660s.C.Although sometimes subject to lifetime servitude, Black people were not legally considered to be slaves.D.Although often not treated the same as White people, Black people, like many White people, possessed the legal status of servants.问题3选项A.Racial prejudice and the institution of slavery arose simultaneouslyB.Ra