2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解45

2022年考博英语-西北大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题If people didnt perspire, they would die in five minutes.问题1选项A.breatheB.eatC.sweatD.drink【答案】C【解析】句意：如果人们不流汗，他们将在五分钟内死去。perspire意为使排汗，分泌出。只有选项C与之意思相近。2. 单选题Diamonds have little （ ）value and their price depends almost entirely on their scarcity.问题1选项A.extinctB.permanentC.surplusD.intrinsic【答案】D【解析】extinct灭绝的，绝种的；permanent永久的，不变的；surplus剩余的，过剩的；intrinsic本质的，固有的。 句意：钻石本身没有什么价值，它们的价格几乎完全取决于它们的稀缺性。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题If my application for the scholarship（ ） , （ ）I my education in the States now.问题1选项A.was accepted / can continueB.has been accepted / have been continuingC.had been accepted / could have continuedD.accepts / will have continued【答案】C【解析】本题考查虚拟语气。根据句意可知这里是对过去的虚拟，从句用过去完成时，主句用would /should /could +have done，所以选项 C正确。4. 单选题Sharks have gained an unfair reputation for being fierce predators of large sea animals. Humanitys unfounded fear and hatred of these ancient creatures is leading to a worldwide slaughter that may result in the extinction of many coastal shark species. The shark is the victim of a warped attitude of wildlife protection; we strive only to protect the beautiful, non-threatening parts of our environment. And, in our efforts to restore only non-threatening parts of our earth, we ignore other important parts.A perfect illustration of this attitude is the contrasting attitude toward another large sea animal, the dolphin. During the 1980s, environmentalists in the United States protested the use of driftnets of tuna fishing in the Pacific Ocean since these nets also caught dolphins. The environmentalists generated enough political and economic pressure to prevent tuna companies from buying tuna that had been caught in driftnets. In contrast to this effort on behalf of the dolphins, these same environmentalists have done very little to help save the Pacific Ocean sharks whose population has decreased nearly to the point of extinction. Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years. They are extremely efficient animals, feeding on wounded or dying animals, thus that species such as the Great White Shark have manage to live in the oceans for so many millions of years is enough proof of their efficiency and adaptability changing environments. It is time for us human, who may not survive another 1,000 years at the rate we are damaging the planet, to cast away our fears and begin considering the protection of sharks as an important part of a program for protection of all our natural environment.1.With which of the following topics is this passage primarily concerned?2.How did environmentalists manage to protect dolphins?3.About how long sharks lived on the planet?4.What is the authors tone in this passage?5.Which of the following best describes the organization of this passage?问题1选项A.Sharks are efficient creatures with bad reputations.B.Sharks are some of the oldest creatures on earth.C.Sharks illustrate a problem in wildlife protection.D.The campaign to save dolphins was not extended to save sharks.问题2选项A.They prevented fishermen from selling them for meat.B.They pressured fishermen into protecting dolphins by law.C.They brought political pressure against tuna companies.D.They created sanctuaries where dolphin fishing was not allowed.问题3选项A.25 million yearsB.150 million yearsC.350 million yearsD.500 million years问题4选项A.explanatoryB.accusatoryC.gentleD.proud问题5选项A.order of importanceB.cause and effectC.statement and exampleD.chronological order【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】1.主旨大意题。结合全文内容可知，本文主要讲我们只努力保护环境中美丽、无害的部分，而忽略了其他需要保护的东西，比如鲨鱼，使得其濒临灭绝。由此可知，鲨鱼说明了野生动物保护中的一个问题，选项C符合原文主旨。2.细节事实题。根据第二段的二三句“During the 1980s, . caught in driftnets.”在20世纪80年代，美国的环保主义者抗议在太平洋使用漂网捕捞金枪鱼，因为这些网也能捕获海豚。环保主义者施加了足够的政治和经济压力，阻止金枪鱼公司购买被漂网捕获的金枪鱼。选项C符合原文。3.细节事实题。根据第二段“Sharks are among the oldest creatures on earth, having survived in the seas for more than 350 million years.”鲨鱼是地球上最古老的生物之一，在海洋中生存了3.5亿年以上。选项C与原文表述一致。4.推理判断题。结合全文内容可知，作者是在谴责人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，所以选项B正确。5.推理判断题。文章第一段首先提出人们忽略了对鲨鱼的保护，第二段举例来证明这个观点，所以本文的结构是陈述加举例，选项C正确。5. 单选题The presidents enemies are spreading ill rumors to （ ）his authority.问题1选项A.assertB.forgeC.undermineD.remain【答案】C【解析】assert维护，主张，声称；forge伪造，锻造；undermine破坏，削弱；remain保持，留下。句意：总统的敌人正在散布谣言去破坏他的权威。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题These are signs that the presidency will attempt to put environmental issues on high its （ ）.问题1选项A.legislationB.trendC.mainstreamD.agenda【答案】D【解析】legislation 立法，法律；trend 趋势，倾向；mainstream 主流；agenda 议程，日程表。句意：这些迹象表明，总统将试图把环境问题提上议程。选项D符合句意。7. 单选题When she began the job, Lisa showed （ ）and was promoted to a manager after a year.问题1选项A.nitiativeB.ambitionC.attributeD.peculiarity【答案】B【解析】initiative 主动权，首创精神；ambition抱负，雄心；attribute属性，特质；peculiarity怪癖，特征。句意：当丽莎开始这份工作时就展现了她的抱负，一年后被提升为经理。选项B符合句意。8. 单选题At first, the results of the experiment seemed （ ）,but finally a pattern emerged.问题1选项A.haphazardB.graveC.genuineD.gullible【答案】B【解析】haphazard 偶然的，随意的；grave 严肃的，暗淡的；genuine 真正的，诚恳的；gullible 易受骗的，轻信的。句意：起初，实验的结果似乎没有起色，但最终出现了一个模式。选项B更符合语境。9. 单选题Not again! This is the third time that I （ ）my keys since I（ ） home this morning.问题1选项A.am losing / was leavingB.had lost / leftC.lose / had leftD.have lost /left【答案】D【解析】ItThis iswas the first/second. time that.，that从句的时态根据前面的is或was来定，是is时用现在完成时，was则用过去完成时，所以选项D正确。10. 单选题All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read （ ）letters from their families.问题1选项A.sentimentalB.affectionateC.intimateD.sensitive【答案】B【解析】sentimental 伤感的，多愁善感的；affectionate 深情的，充满爱的；intimate 亲密的，精通的；sensitive 敏感的，易受伤害的。句意：所有的海上石油探测者读到家人写的充满爱的信时，都会情绪高涨。选项B符合语境。11. 单选题Which his lack of experience and smaller physique, we dont think he （ ）a chance of winning the fight.问题1选项A.standsB.gainedC.possessedD.took【答案】A【解析】stand a chance of doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“有可能做某事”，所以选项A正确。12. 单选题He was meticulous in checking his accounts.问题1选项A.extremely slowB.incredibly quickC.excessively carefulD.unbelievably care【答案】C【解析】meticulous意为一丝不苟的，小心翼翼的。选项C与之意思相近。13. 单选题A kiln is a type of oven in which clay is （ ）so that it hardens into a form of ceramic material.问题1选项A.repairedB.bakedC.meltedD.lightened【答案】B【解析】repair 修理，修补；bake 烤，烘焙；melt 使融化，使软化；lighten 使照亮，使轻松。句意：窑是一种把黏土烧制变硬成为陶瓷材料的炉子。选项B符合语境。14. 翻译题It is a common saying that we do not fully value a thing until we lose it. We often value the love and worth of a friend when he has been taken from us by death, more than when he was with us in the flesh; it is only when we have left school or college that we understand the greatness of our opportunity of education, which has gone forever; and it is the sick and the ailing who realize the value of good health. We are so used to vigorous health that we take it for granted.（1）The organs of our body work so smoothly that we scarcely know we have lungs and liver, heart and stomach. But when any of these get upset and give us pain and sickness, we learn by bitter experience what an unspeakable blessing it is to be well,（2）It is therefore wise and necessary to learn in time, before we have lost out health, that it can be kept only by knowing and observing the laws of health. Natures laws cannot be ignored with impunity. In the long run they will avenge themselves on us if we forget them, even if they do not do so at once. At first we may not feel the result of excesses and unhealthy habits; but we certainly shall some day. （3）Many a man who in middle age finds himself a confirmed invalid has to curse the follies of his youth: but his remorse is vain, for Nature never forgives breaches of the laws of health.（4） Loss of health makes us miserable, and a burden to ourselves and our friends. It cripples our efforts, so that we cannot accomplish many of the good and great things we might have done. It spoils our life. What must we do to keep our health?We must be moderate in eating and drinking, and wise in the choice of plain, wholesome simple food. Gluttony has killed thousands, and strong drink tens of thousands. （5）We must, when young, get plenty of sleep, which is “natures sweet restorer” (恢复剂), and not try to bum the candle at both ends. We must live as much as possible in the open air and keep our rooms well ventilated. We must get sufficient and regular physical exercise; and keep our bodies clean. And we must avoid bad habits and secret sins as we avoid the devil, and keep our thoughts clean and our bodies pure. Our ideal must be the second mind in the sound body.【答案】1.我们身体的各个器官运转得如此平稳以至于我们几乎察觉不到我们有 肺、肝、心脏和胃。但当其中任何一个不舒服并给我们带来疼痛和疾病的时候，痛苦的经历让我们体会到一切都好的时候是多么的幸福。2.因此，在我们没有失去健康之前，懂得只有通过了解和遵守健康法则 才能保持健康是明智的并且是有必要的。3.很多人在中年发现自己浑身是病，于是诅咒他年轻时的愚行，但悔恨是徒劳的，因为大自然永远不会宽恕对健康法则的破坏。4.失去健康我们很悲惨，会给自己和朋友增加负担。它会削弱我们的努 力，使我们无法完成一些我们本该完成的很多美好的和伟大的事情。5.在年轻的时候，我们一定要得到充足的睡眠，这是“自然的甜蜜恢复剂”，而不要不顾身体过度劳累。15. 单选题Many doctors are still general practitioners, but the （ ）is toward specialization in medicine.问题1选项A.rumorB.prejudiceC.tendencyD.security【答案】C【解析】rumor 谣言，传闻；prejudice 偏见，侵害；tendency倾向，趋势，癖好；security 安全，保证。句意：尽管许多医生仍然是普通的实习生，但在医学上倾向于专门化。选项C符合句意。16. 单选题What is the proper balance between the culture heritage and the globalization that threatens to （ ）the world in one model?问题1选项A.classifyB.justifyC.purifyD.unify【答案】D【解析】classify分类，分等；justify证明合法，替辩护；purify净化，使纯净；unify统一，使一致。句意：文化遗产和威胁世界统一成一种模式的全球化之间的适当平衡是什么？选项D符合句意。17. 单选题Faulkners neighbors both loved and reviled him in the same breath.问题1选项A.scoldedB.revealedC.revivedD.reveled【答案】A【解析】句意：Faulkner的邻居们对他又爱又骂。reviled意为“辱骂，谩骂”。scolded责骂，训斥；revealed透露，显示；revived使复活，使恢复；reveled狂欢，陶醉。选项A与之意思相近。18. 单选题The United States is comprised of 48 contiguous states occupying the midcontinent, Alaska at the northwestern extreme of North America, and the island state of Hawaii in the mid-Pacific Ocean.问题1选项A.jealousB.explosiveC.adjacentD.distant【答案】C【解析】句意：美国由48个接壤的州组成，这些州包括大陆中部、北美西北部的阿拉斯加和太平洋中部的夏威夷州。contiguous意为“邻近的，接壤的”。jealous妒忌的，猜疑的；explosive爆炸的；adjacent邻近的，毗连的；distant遥远的，冷漠的。选项C与之意思相近。19. 单选题The basic causes are unknown, although certain conditions that may lead to cancer have been （ ）.问题1选项A.identifiedB.guaranteedC.notifiedD.conveyed【答案】A【解析】identify确定，鉴定，识别；guarantee保证，担保；notify通告，通知，公布；convey 传达，运输。句意：尽管可能导致癌症的某些条件已经确定，但基本原因还是未知数。选项A符合句意。20. 单选题By the time that dispute was resolved, relations between service and management had been poisoned.问题1选项A.disdainedB.retainedC.taintedD.stained【答案】C【解析】句意：在争端得到解决时，服务和管理之间的关系已经被破坏。poisoned意为破坏，摧毁。disdained 鄙弃；retained保留，保存；tainted 污染的，感染的；stained 玷污的，着色的。选项C最符合原句语境，所以正确。