2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解45

2022年考博英语-厦门大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题Which sport has the most expenses_training equipment, players personal equipment and uniforms?问题1选项A.in place ofB.by way ofC.in terms ofD.by means of【答案】C【解析】in place of代替; by way of经由; in terms of依据, 按照, 在方面; by means of通过, 依靠。句意：哪项运动在训练器材、运动员个人装备和队服等方面的开销最大?选项C符合句意。2. 单选题He fears this months increased violence may harm Kenyas vital tourist industry,much of which centers on _to see its exotic animals.问题1选项A.sahibB.shambleC.severityD.safaris【答案】D【解析】sahib先生, 阁下, 大人; shamble蹒跚, 摇晃的脚步; severity严肃,严重; safari旅行, 狩猎远征, 旅行队。句意：他担心这个月暴力事件的增加可能会损害肯尼亚至关重要的旅游业, 肯尼亚的旅游业主要是以在旅行中观赏野生动物为主。选项D符合句意。3. 单选题As a person who combines care with_, Marisa completed her duties with_as well as zeal.问题1选项A.levity.resignationB.enthusiasm.meticulousnessC.vitality. willingnessD.empathy.rigor【答案】B【解析】levity.resignation轻率 屈从; enthusiasm.meticulousness热情 严谨; vitality.willingness活力 乐意; empathyrigor同情 严厉。句意：Marisa是一个细心与热情相结合的人, 她一丝不苟、兢兢业业地完成了自己的职责。选项B符合句意。4. 案例题Tourists are guilty, so we are frequently told, of a number of crimes: upsetting the ecological balance of Mount Himalayas,parking wads of chewing gum under the benches of museums and art galleries, wearing unsuitable T-shirts in Notre Dame, debauching the local peasantry and generally lowering the tone of everywhere they choose to set their benighted feet. Rarely has a group of people been so widely reviled,and I am one of them. So are you. Ive been a tourist in Provence for about 15 years now often on the receiving end of criticism or mild abuse from people who accuse me of having ruined the region by writing about it. Curiously,these complaints,which are sometimes offensive and invariably very shrill,do not come from the Provence themselves,who seem to regard me as a fairly benevolent oddity,but from my fellow tourists.From their vantage points in London or Brussels or Boston,they deplore what they say has happened to Provence. They know,from investigations carried out during their brief annual vacations,that Provence has changed. The markets are more crowded,the prices have gone up,the restaurants are full, the sunniest cafe tables are taken,bakers run out of bread,waiters run out of patience,there is nowhere to park and nobodybut nobodycan be found to fix a leaking pool.Mass tourism in Provence started more than 2,600 years ago with the arrival of Greeks from Phocea, who founded Marseille. They were a civilizing influence and provided jobs for the locals, and could therefore be described as acceptable tourists. So were the Romans, who built the monuments and viaducts and amphitheaters that we still enjoy. Then came a bad patch,with the arrival of Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Franks. They amused themselves by terrifying the inhabitants and ravaging the countryside. Here, perhaps, is where it had its start: the reputation of tourists as slobs.After many years of on-the-spot observation, I would like to put in a good word for this much-maligned species. The overwhelming majority of these visitors are amiable and considerate people who want nothing more than quiet enjoyment. They have come to Provence for sunshine and spectacular scenery, for the food and the wine,for a pleasant break from real life. Of course there are crowds,particularly in July and August,but these tend to be confined to the towns and postcard villages. For those who want solitude,beautiful and empty countryside is only a short drive away.Personally, I have never found the tourist season intolerable; indeed,there is reason to be grateful for some of its effects. If it werent for the money that tourism brings,many of the chateaux and gardens open to the public would become derelict; monuments would be left to crumble; many restaurants could never survive on local custom alone; it wouldnt be worth putting on concerts or village fetes. Rural life would be the poorer.Obviously,this is not true everywhere. Some parts of the world have been so thoroughly overexploited that they have lost whatever charm they once possessed. This is usually the result of local greed; but the tourist,not the rapacious developer,gets most of the blame.The passage below summarizes the main points of the passage. Read the summary and then select the best word or phrase from the box blow according to the passage. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.Tourists are frequently criticized (1) the ecological balance of Mount Himalayas and (2) chewing gum under the benches of museum and art galleries. They are also blamed for their (3) while visiting Notre Dame. My fellow tourists have reviled me for having destroyed Provence (4) . They have made a lot of complains (5) . For instance,there have been the busier markets,higher prices, (6) restaurants, cafe tables and parking lots, (7) empty bakeries and impatient waiters. Yet,Provence began (8) over 2,600 years ago. The locals welcomed Greeks (9) , and Romans (10) , viaducts and amphitheaters. But those of Visigoths, Ostrogoths and Franks brought the tourists into (11) by terrifying the inhabitants and (12) . According my observation,I would like to say a few words (13) those much blamed tourists. Most of them are amiable and considerate,and they came mostly to the towns and postcard villages in Provence in July and August just for sunshine, (14) , the food, the wine, a pleasant break from real life. I believe Provence has been (15) to tourism (16) the chateaux, gardens and monuments, and (17) concerts and village fetes in the districts. But usually the tourist is (18) the blame (19) and (20) in some parts of the world.A.spectacular scenery B.for the holding of C.not to mentionD.grateful E.the smearing of F.based on their own perspectives G.its massive tourismH.by writing about it I.ravaging the countryside J.for their spoilage of K.shouldered L.for the overexploitation M.amiable and considerateN.high occupancy of O.for the survival of P.the lost charmQ.poor behavior R.for the monuments S.disrepute T.for their civilizing influence【答案】1.J2.E3.Q4.H5.F6.N7.C8.G9.T10.R11.S12.I13.M14.A15.D16.O17.B18.K19.L20.P【解析】1.根据第一段的第一句“.upsetting the ecological balance of Mount Himalayas.”游客经常被批评， 因为破坏了喜马拉雅山的生态平衡。所以，填空处为“for their spoilage of”，指损坏，糟蹋。2.根据第一段的第一句“.parking wads of chewing gum under the benches of museums and art galleries.”在博物馆和艺术画廊的长椅下放口香糖。所以，空格处应填the smearing of”，指弄脏。3.根据“wearing unsuitable T-shirts in Notre Dame.”可知，空格处应填“poor behavior”，指不雅的行为。4.根据第一段的倒数第二句“Ive been a tourist in Provence.having ruined the region by writing about it.”我在普罗旺斯做了大约15年的游客， 现在经常受到一些人的批评或轻微的辱骂，他们指责我通过写有关普罗旺斯的文章“毁了”这个地区。所以, 空格处应填“by writing about if”。5.根据第一段的最后一句可知, 他们的抱怨不是来自于普罗旺斯人, 而是基于游客自己的观点。所以, 空格处应填 ”based on their own perspectives”。6.根据第二段的第三句“The markets are more crowded,the prices have gone up,the restaurants are full, the sunniest cafe tables are taken,.”市场更加拥挤，物价上涨，餐馆客满，阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人。所以, 空格处应填“high occupancy of 。7.根据第二段的内容可知, 市场更加拥挤, 物价上涨, 餐馆客满, 阳光最充足的咖啡馆也挤满了人， 更不用说卖空了的面包店和不耐烦的服务员。not to mention指更不用说。8.根据第三段的第一句“Mass tourism in Provence started more than 2,600 years ago.”可知，填空处应填“its massive tourism”。9.根据第三段的第二句“They were a civilizing influence and provided jobs for the locals, and could therefore be described as acceptable tourists.”希腊人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们对文明产生了影嘛并为当地人提供了工 作。所以，空格处应填“for their civilizing influence”。10.根据第三段的第二句“So were the Romans,who built the monuments and viaducts and amphitheaters that we still enjoy.”罗马人受到当地人的欢迎是因为他们建造了纪念碑、高架桥和圆形剧场。所以，空格处应填“for the monuments”。11.根据第三段的最后两句可知，西哥特人、东哥特人和法兰克人以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。也许游客声誉受损就是从这里开始的。所以，空格处应填“disrepute”，bring sb. into disrepute意为“使某人声誉扫地, 使某人声名狼籍。12.据第三段的倒数第二句“They amused themselves by terrifying the inhabitants and ravaging the countryside.”可知， 他们以恐吓居民和破坏乡村为乐。所以，空格处应填“ravaging the countryside”。13.根据第四段的一二句可知，绝大多数的旅游者都是友好的， 而且是考虑周到的。所以，空格处应填“amiable and considerate”。14.根据第四段的第三句“They have come to Provence for sunshine and spectacular scenery, for the food and the wine,for a pleasant break from real life.”他们来到普罗旺斯是为了享受阳光和壮丽的景色，享受美食和美酒，享受与现实生活的愉快休憩。所以应填“spectacular scenery。15.根据第五段的第一句“there is reason to be grateful for some of its effects.”普罗旺斯应该对旅游业表示感谢。所以，空格处应填“grateful”。16.根据第五段的内容可知，如果不是旅游业为普罗旺斯带来的经济效益，这里就会百业凋零。所以，空格处应填“for the survival of。17.根据第五段的倒数第二句“.it wouldnt be worth putting on concerts or village fetes.”如果没有旅游业也就没必要举办音乐会或者乡村宴会了。所以应填“for the holding of ”。18.根据最后一段的最后一句“but the tourist,not the rapacious developer,gets most of the blame.”通常都是游客承担责任而不是开发商。所以， 空格处应填“shouldered”。19.根据最后一段内容可知，世界的某些地区被过度开采, 造成这些地区丧失了曾经拥有的吸引力。而这个责任也被推到了游客身上。所以，空格处应填for the overexploitation”。20.根据最后一段内容可知，世界的某些地区被过度开采, 造成这些地区丧失了曾经拥有的吸引力。而这个责任也被推到了游客身上。所以， 空格处应填“the lost charm”。5. 单选题Critical articles on this novel argue that though the plot seems logical,the ending of the novel is_.问题1选项A.tardyB.ramrodC.farfetchedD.factitious【答案】C【解析】tardy行动缓慢的; ramrod严厉的, 生硬的; farfetched牵强的; factitious人为的, 虚假的。句意：有关这篇小说的评论称，虽然情节看似合乎逻辑，但小说的结尾却很牵强。选项C符合句意。6. 单选题Very old people do raise moral problems for almost everyone who comes into contact with them. Their valuesthis cant be repeated too oftenare not necessarily our values. Physical comfort, cleanness and order are necessarily the most important things. The social services from time to time find themselves faced with a flat with decaying food covered by small worms, and an old person lying alone on bed, taking no notice of the worms. But is it interfering with personal freedom to insist that they go to live with some of their relatives so that they might be taken better care of? Some social workers, the ones who clear up the worms, think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.Indeed, the old can be easily hurt or harmed. The body is like a car it needs more mechanical maintenance as it gets older. You can carry this comparison right through to the provision of spare parts. But never forget that such operations are painful experiences, however good the results. And at what point should you cease to treat the old body? Is it morally right to try to push off death by pursuing the development of drugs to excite the forgetful old mind and to activate the old body, knowing that it is designed to die? You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide, because so long as they can see the technical opportunities, they will feel bound to give them a try on the principle that while theres life, theres hope.When you talk to the old people, however, you are forced to the conclusion that whether age is happy or unpleasant depends less on money or on health than it does on your ability to have fun.1.It is implied in Paragraph one that（ ）.2.Some social workers think that （ ） .3.In the authors opinion, （ ） .4.The word it in the last paragraph refers to （ ）.5.The author thinks that （ ）.问题1选项A.very old people enjoy living with their relativesB.social services have nothing to do with very old peopleC.very old people would like to live alone so that they can have more personal freedomD.very old people are able to keep their rooms very clean问题2选项A.health and safety are more important than personal freedomB.personal freedom is more important than health and safetyC.old people should keep their rooms cleanD.one should not take risks of dealing with old people问题3选项A.the human body cant be compared to a carB.the older a person, the more care he needsC.too much emphasis has been put on old peoples valuesD.it is easy to provide spare parts for old people问题4选项A.the conclusion you have come toB.your talk to the old peopleC.whether age is happy or unpleasantD.ones money or ones health问题5选项A.medical decisions for the old people should be left to the doctorsB.old people can enjoy a happy life only if they are very richC.the opinion that we should try every means possible to save old people is doubtfulD.it is always morally right to treat old people and push off death【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.根据第一段的内容可知选项A和D表述错误, 选项B在文中没有提及, 只有选项C符合原文。2.根据第一段最后一句Some social workers,., think we are in danger of carrying this concept of personal freedom to the point where serious risks are being taken with the health and safety of the old.认为我们持有个人自由的概念是危险的, 因为这会给老年人的健康和安全带来严重的风险。也就是说他们认为健康和安全比自由更重要。选项A符合原文。3.根据第二段的内容, 将人的身体和汽车相比较, 汽车需要的是机械保养, 而人需要手术进行治疗, 不管结果如何如何好, 但过程是极度痛苦的。作者的潜在意思是, 人能感到疼痛, 但车却不会, 两者完全没有可比性, 所以本题选A。4.分析句子结构并结合句意可知, it指的是上句中的whether age is happy or unpleasant。所以选项C正确。5.根据第二段的最后一句You cannot ask doctors or scientists to decide,.可知选项A错误; 根据最后一段可知选项B错误; 根据第二段倒数第二句Is it morally right to.that it is designed to die?明知道这是死亡必须经历的过程, 却还是通过开发药物来激发健忘的老思想, 激活衰老的身体, 这在道德上是正确的吗?该句为反问句, 说明作者对此是持怀疑的态度, 所以选项C正确, 选项D错误。7. 单选题Although he had done many great things,he never felt it necessary to_his achievements.问题1选项A.lavishB.extravertC.imposeD.vaunt【答案】D【解析】lavish浪费, 慷慨给予; extravert使思想外倾; impose征税,强加; vaunt自夸，吹嘘。句意：虽然他做了许多伟大的事情，但他从不觉得有必要夸耀自己的成就。选项D符合句意。8. 单选题I get asked about what individuals can do to stay current in a world that somehow keeps_and repeating patterns ail at the same time.问题1选项A.transformingB.distortingC.convertingD.contorting【答案】A【解析】transform转换, 改变; distort扭曲, 曲解; convert使转变; contort扭曲, 歪曲。句意：有人问我，在一个不断改变的同时又重复着那些模式的世界里，个人如何才能保持与时俱进。这里强调的是变化，所以选项A符合句意。9. 单选题Scientists are searching for the oldest tree_because it can leach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.问题1选项A.livelyB.aliveC.livingD.live【答案】B【解析】lively活泼的, 生动的; alive活着的, 现存的, 可作后置定语; living活的, 活跃的, 只作前置定语; live活的, 生动的; 实况转播的。句意：科学家们正在寻找现存的最古老的树, 因为它可以让他们了解许多与气候变化有关的问题。选项B符合句意。10. 单选题The workers of space shuttle Discovery got into the back of the shuttle to look for_in the electronics that send data from the sensors to onboard computers.问题1选项A.glitchesB.suspectsC.orbitersD.pitches【答案】A【解析】glitch失灵，小故障；suspect嫌疑犯；orbiter盘旋物，人造卫星； pitch斜度。句意：航天飞机“发现者”号上的工作人员们进入飞机的后部，寻找将数据从传感器发送到机载计算机上的电子设备的故障。选项A符合句意。11. 单选题The following qualifications are essential for the post: an honors degree in English,_in shorthand and typewriting and some experience in journalism.问题1选项A.proficiencyB.expertiseC.knowledgeD.familiarity【答案】A【解析】proficiency精通, 熟练; expertise专门技术; familiarity熟悉。句意：应聘该职位必须具备以下条件:英语荣誉学位, 速记和打字熟练, 有一定的新闻工作经验。选项A符合句意。12. 单选题Identity theft can range for the simple theft of a credit card,or it can go into more complex schemes where the thieves can_hundreds of people at a time.问题1选项A.embodyB.impersonateC.personifyD.assume【答案】B【解析】embody使具体化; impersonate模仿, 扮演; personify赋予.以人性, 使人格化; assume假定, 设想。句意：身份盗窃可以简単地归类于信用卡盗窃，也可以是更复杂的方案，比如窃贼可以一次冒充数百人。选项B符合句意。13. 单选题Since the authors unflattering references to her friends were so_, she was surprised that her _were recognized.问题1选项A.laudatory.stylesB.obvious.anecdotesC.oblique. allusionsD.critical.eulogies【答案】C【解析】laudatory .styles赞美的风格； obvious. anecdotes明显的轶事；oblique.allusions拐弯抹角的隐喻；critical.eulogies爱挑剔的颂词。句意：由于作者对她朋友的不恭维是如此的拐弯抹角，所以她很惊讶她的隐喻被发现了。选项C符合句意。14. 单选题The_action of the policemen saved the people in the house from being burnt.问题1选项A.supremeB.significantC.promptD.vital【答案】C【解析】supreme最高的, 至高的; significant重大的, 有意义的; prompt及时的, 迅速的; vital至关重要的。句意：警察迅速采取措施, 使得房子里的人免于烧伤。选项C符合句意。15. 单选题Since the island soil has been barren for so many years, the natives must now_much of their food.问题1选项A.deliverB.importC.produceD.develop【答案】B【解析】deliver投递, 发表; import进口, 输入; produce生产, 创作; develop发展, 开发。句意：由于岛上的土壤多年来一直贫瘠, 当地人现在必须进口大量食物。选项B符合句意。16. 单选题When traveling, you are advised to take travelers checks, which provide a secure_to carrying your money in cash.问题1选项A.substituteB.selectionC.inferenceD.alternative【答案】D【解析】substitute替代物； preference偏爱；selection选择，指从相当数量中进行选择，强调数量多和慎重的判断和鉴别；alternative可供选择的，强调在两个中选一个。句意：旅游的时候建议你带上旅行支票， 作为携带现金的一个安全替代方式。选项D正确。17. 单选题In the wake of the 70-vehicle pileup,a slew of lawsuits are expected to be_against drivers, trucking companies and several state agencies alleging negligence and wrongful death.问题1选项A.subjectedB.filedC.committedD.surrendered【答案】B【解析】subject使屈从于, 使隶属; file把归档, 提出(申请等); commit犯罪,做错事; surrender投降, 自首。句意：在这起70辆汽车连环相撞事件发生后, 预计将对司机、货运公司和几家州政府机构提起一系列诉讼, 指控他们玩忽职守和过失杀人。file a lawsuit against控告, 起诉。选项B符合句意。18. 单选题I am convinced that we will not_a millimetre nor move one step to the side, said Gov. Ruben Costas to tens of thousands of jubilant supporters waving the departments green and white flags.问题1选项A.recastB.rebukeC.assertD.retreat【答案】D【解析】recast重铸, 彻底改动; rebuke指责, 非难; assert断言, 声称; retreat撤退。句意：“我相信, 我们不会后退一毫米, 也不会向旁边移动一步。”政府官员Ruben Costas对挥舞着国务院绿白旗的数万名欢欣鼓舞的支持者说道。选项D符合句意。19. 单选题The Tacomas executive director and three port commissioners will be in China next week to_advice from world port experts on improving inland transportation systems.问题1选项A.discriminateB.disperseC.differentiateD.glean【答案】D【解析】discriminate歧视, 区别；disperse（使）分散, 疏散；differentiate区别, 区分; glean 收集。句意：塔科马港执行董事和三名港务专员将于下周访问中国，听取世界港口专家关于改善内陆运输系统的建议。选项D符合句意。20. 单选题Although the government still enjoys a high level of public support,the crime problem has stirred political _and suspicions.问题1选项A.substanceB.antagonismsC.dimensionD.possession【答案】B【解析】substance物质, 实质; antagonism对抗,敌意; dimension尺寸; possession拥有。句意：虽然政府仍然享有很高的公众支持, 但犯罪问题已经引发了对抗对立和猜疑。选项B符合句意。