2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解12

2022年考博英语-中国政法大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题There was no traffic visible, but Tango hold up his right arm majestically, as though he _ a crowd of roaring trucks.问题1选项A.is haltingB.had haltedC.would be haltingD.were halting【答案】D【解析】考查虚拟语气。as though在这里引导了后面的虚拟语气，表示“仿佛”；此处是对过去的虚拟，因此从句用过去时态，又因为语境需要，表示动作正在进行，A、B、C选项时态均不对，只有D项符合。句意：路上看不到车辆，但探戈庄严地举起右臂，好像他在阻止一群呼啸的卡车。故正确答案为D。2. 单选题The quality of teaching should be measured by the degree _ which the students potentiality is developed.问题1选项A.toB.ofC.withD.in【答案】A【解析】考查固定搭配。A项to“对”，B项of“的”，C项with“和”，D项in“在里”。To degree表示“在程度上，到的程度”，the students potentiality is developed修饰the degree，degree后面如果要用从句的话，在用which的同时还要加上介词to。句意：教学质量应以学生潜能开发的程度来衡量。因此A项正确。3. 单选题An educational environment to separate you from the daily rigors of life.问题1选项A.is designedB.designedC.is to be designedD.designs【答案】A【解析】考查动词的用法。句子主语是an educational environment“一种教育环境”， 是design动作执行的对象，因此要用被动语态表示“教育环境被设计成”；固定用法be designed to do“打算、目的是”；A选项被动语态；B 选项主动语态；C选项被动语态，表“将要被设定成”；D选项主动语态；句意：教育环境能将你从日常生活的艰辛中抽离出来。根据句意A选项最符合题意。4. 单选题Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their life time, and consider other “friends” to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people. They tend to “compartmentalize” friendships, having “friends at work”, “friends on the softball team”, “family friends”, etc.Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go. In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque or impatient. They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else. Sometimes, early on, they will ask you questions that you may feel are very personal. No insult is intended; the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter. And the same goes for you. If you do not understand certain American behavior or you want to know more about them, do not hesitate to ask them questions about themselves. Americans are usually eager to explain all about their country or anything “American” in which you may be interested. So much so in fat that you may become tired of listening. It doesnt matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation. They would rather talk about the weather or the latest sports scores, for example, than deal with silence.On the other hand, dont expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.41. The general topic of the passage is _.42. Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the passage?43. The phrase “highly charged” (Paragraph 2) most probably means _.44. It can inferred from the passage that _.45. According to the passage, Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world because _.问题1选项A.American cultureB.American societyC.Americans personalityD.Americans activities问题2选项A.Americans know a lot about international affairs.B.Friendships among Americans tend to be casual.C.Americans do not like to depend on other people.D.Americans always seem to be on the go.问题3选项A.extremely freeB.highly responsibleC.full of mobility and changeD.very cheerful问题4选项A.Americans want to participate in all kinds of activitiesB.Americans, character is affected by their social and geographical environmentC.Americans do not know how to deal with silenceD.curiosity is characteristic of Americans问题5选项A.they are not interested in other countriesB.they are too proud of themselvesC.their country does not have many neighboring nationsD.they are too busy to learn about other countries【答案】第1题:C第2题:A第3题:C第4题:B第5题:C【解析】41.【试题答案】C【试题解析】主旨大意题。题干的意思是“这篇文章的主题是什么？”。根据文章首段Americans usually consider themselves a friendly people. Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. It is not uncommon for Americans to have only one close friend during their life time, and consider other “friends” to be just social acquaintances. This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people.（美国人通常认为自己是一个友好的民族。然而，与其他文化背景的人相比，他们的友谊往往更短，也更随意。美国人一生中只有一个亲密的朋友，并认为其他“朋友”只是社会上的熟人，这是很常见的。这种态度可能与美国人的流动性以及美国人不喜欢依赖他人这一事实有关。）可知，这篇文章主要讨论的是美国人性格方面的内容；所以C项“美国人的性格”符合题意。A项“美国文化”，B项“美国社会”和D项“美国人的活动”都只是在文中提及过几句而已，不足以代表全文的主旨。因此该题选C。42.【试题答案】A【试题解析】细节推理题。题干的意思是“根据文章，下列哪一项陈述是不正确的？”。A项“美国人对国际事务很了解”，文章末段提到On the other hand, dont expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States.（另一方面，不要期望美国人对国际地理或世界事务了如指掌，除非这些问题直接涉及美国。），由此可知，美国人对国际事务不是很了解，所以A项错误。B项“美国人之间的友谊往往是随意的”，根据第一段第二句Their friendships, however, tend to be shorter and more casual than friendships among people from other cultures. （然而，与其他文化背景的人相比，他们的友谊往往更短，也更随意）可知B项正确。C项“美国人不喜欢依赖别人”，第一段倒数第二句提到This attitude probably has something to do with American mobility and the fact that Americans do not like to be dependent on other people.（这种态度可能与美国人的流动性以及美国人不喜欢依赖他人这一事实有关），由此可知C项正确。D项“美国人似乎总是忙个不停”，根据第二段第二句In this highly charged atmosphere, Americans can sometimes seem brusque or impatient.（在这种高度紧张的气氛中，美国人有时会显得粗鲁或不耐烦）和第三句They want to get to know you as quickly as possible and then move on to something else.（他们想尽快了解你，然后再去做其他的事情）可知，美国人总是忙碌的，所以会尽快了解一个人然后再去做其他的事情。D项正确。因此该题选A。43.【试题答案】C【试题解析】语义推测题。题干的意思是“第二段的短语highly charged最有可能是什么意思？”。根据题干定位到文中第二段；上文指出Because the United States is a highly active society, full of movement and change, people always seem to be on the go.（因为美国是一个高度活跃的社会，充满了运动和变化，人们似乎总是在前进），由此可知，下文的highly charged指的是上文中的full of movement and change，所以C项“充满流动性和变化”正确。A项“极度自由”，B项“高度负责”和D项“其乐融融”都不符合。因此该题选C。44.【试题答案】B【试题解析】推理判断题。题干的意思是“从文章可以推断出”。文章最后一段指出On the other hand, dont expect Americans to be knowledgeable about international geography or world affairs, unless those subjects directly involve the United States. Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.（另一方面，不要期望美国人对国际地理或世界事务了如指掌，除非这些问题直接涉及美国。由于美国周围没有许多其他国家，一些美国人倾向于忽视世界其他地区。），由此可推断出美国这种对世界其他的事情不关心态度的性格可能是由于它的地理位置所致，因为它周围并没有其他的国家包围；所以B项“美国人的性格受到社会和地理环境的影响”符合题意。A项“美国人希望参加各种各样的活动”文中没有提到；C项“美国人不知道如何应对沉默”，第二段倒数第二句提到It doesnt matter because Americans tend to be uncomfortable with silence during a conversation.（这没关系，因为美国人往往会对交谈中的沉默感到不舒服）可知，美国人不是不知道如何应对沉默而是他们会感到不舒服，C项错误；D项“好奇心是美国人的特点”，第二段第四句提到the questions usually grow out of their genuine interest or curiosity, and their impatience to get to the heart of the matter（这些问题通常是出于他们真正的兴趣或好奇，以及他们没有耐心去了解问题的核心），这里提到美国人的好奇不是描述美国人好奇的特点，而是解释美国人不耐烦的原因，D项也错误。因此该题选B。45.【试题答案】C【试题解析】细节事实题。题干的意思是“根据文章，美国人倾向于忽视世界其他地区，因为”。根据文章最后一句Because the United States is not surrounded by many other nations, some Americans tend to ignore the rest of the world.（由于美国周围没有许多其他国家，一些美国人倾向于忽视世界其他地区）可知，美国人倾向于忽视世界其他地区是因为美国周围没有许多其他国家，所以C项“他们的国家没有许多邻国”正确。A项“他们对其他国家不感兴趣”文章没有提到美国人对其他国家不感兴趣；B项“他们太过骄傲”文中也未提及；D项“他们太忙以至于没有时间去了解其他国家”，这是他们会显得粗鲁或不耐烦的原因，不是没时间去了解其他国家的原因。因此该题选C。5. 单选题When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase. In _21_ cases, this action will produce results. However, if it does not, there are various means the _22_ may use to gain satisfaction.A simple and common method used by many consumers is to _23_ directly to the store manager. _24_ general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be _25_. In such a case, it usually settled in the consumers _26_, assuming he or she has a just claim.Consumers should complain _27_ person whenever possible, but if they cannot get to the place of _28_, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.Complaining is usually most _29_ when it is done politely but firmly, and _30_ when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the item _31_ question. If this cannot be done, the consumer will succeed best _32_ presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making _33_ statements.The store manager may _34_ the consumer to write to the manufacturer. If _35_, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmly _36_ possible. But if a polite complaint does not achieve the _37_ result, the consumer can go a step further. She or he can _38_ to take the seller to court or report the _39_ to a private or public organization _40_ for protecting consumers rights.问题1选项A.allB.mostC.fewD.no问题2选项A.consumerB.sellerC.merchantD.manufacturer问题3选项A.complainB.claimC.chargeD.accuse问题4选项A.ToB.InC.ByD.At问题5选项A.finishedB.explainedC.answeredD.settled问题6选项A.profitB.favorC.benefitD.interest问题7选项A.inB.byC.withD.on问题8选项A.gainB.getC.buyD.purchase问题9选项A.effectiveB.efficientC.quickD.smooth问题10选项A.specificallyB.especiallyC.expectedlyD.respectively问题11选项A.out ofB.inC.withoutD.beyond问题12选项A.inB.forC.byD.at问题13选项A.generalB.specificC.detailedD.concrete问题14选项A.suggestB.informC.recommendD.advise问题15选项A.soB.thatC.suchD.thus问题16选项A.soB.asC.ifD.when问题17选项A.reasonedB.decidedC.desiredD.inferred问题18选项A.frightenB.threatenC.endangerD.appeal问题19选项A.purchaserB.buyerC.consumerD.seller问题20选项A.countableB.responsibleC.chargeableD.suitable【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D第6题:B第7题:A第8题:D第9题:A第10题:B第11题:B第12题:C第13题:C第14题:D第15题:A第16题:B第17题:C第18题:B第19题:D第20题:B【解析】21.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查上下文语义和搭配。A项in all cases“在所有情况下”，B项in most cases“在大多数情况下”，C项in few cases“在少数情况下”，D项in no cases没有这个用法，只有in no case“绝不”。上文提到When a consumer finds that an item she or he bought is faulty or in some other way does not live up to the manufacturers claim for it, the first step is to present the warranty, or any other records which might help, at the store of purchase.（当消费者发现自己买的东西有质量问题或者在别的什么方面没有达到生产商宣传的标准时，他首先要做的是向购买这个东西的商店出示保单或者其他可能有用的购物凭证。），由此可知下文是表示大多数情况下这些行动可以得到结果；A项in all cases太绝对，C项不符合语境，因此只有B项正确。故该题选B。22.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查逻辑推理。A项consumer“顾客，消费者”，B项seller“售货员”，C项merchant“商人”，D项manufacturer“制造商”。根据句子However, if it does not, there are various means themay use to gain satisfaction. （然而，如果没有给你想要的结果，可以采取各种各样的手段来达到满意的结果），结合上文消费者为买到质量有问题或者虚假宣传的商品可以维权可知空格处应该填入consumer“消费者”。故该题A项正确。23.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项complain“投诉，发牢骚”，B项claim“要求，声称”，C项charge“充电，要价”，D项accuse“谴责，控告”。根据句子A simple and common method used by many consumers is todirectly to the store manager.（许多消费者使用的一个简单而常见的方法是直接向商店经理报告。）可知，空格处应该是“投诉”。故该题A项正确。24.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查固定搭配。根据后面的单词general和选项中的介词可知，in general为固定搭配，表示“通常，总之，一般而言”。A、C、D项均没有这个用法，故该题B项正确。25.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查上下文和词语辨析。A项finish“结束”，B项explain“抱怨”，C项answer“回答”，D项settle“解决”。上文提到消费者可以直接向经理投诉，接着说到in general, the “higher up” the consumer takes his or her complaint, the faster he or she can expect it to be（一般来说，消费者接受投诉的“高层”越高，投诉得到的速度就越快），由此可知投诉得到“解决”的速度越快，所以填settled符合句意。故该题D项正确。26.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词语搭配和语义推测。A项profit“利润，利益”，B项favor“支持”，C项benefit“有利于”，D项interest“兴趣，爱好”。根据句子In such a case, it usually settled in the consumers, assuming he or she has a just claim.（在这种情况下，假如消费者提出的要求正当，判决通常对他(她) 。）可知，空格处应该是表示“有利的”，in ones favor表示“对某人有利的”。故该题B项正确。27.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查词语搭配。根据句子Consumers should complainperson whenever possible（无论何时，消费者都应该投诉），可知in person表示“亲自地”，句意：无论何时，消费者应尽可能亲自投诉。故该题A项正确。28.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项gain“获得”；B项get“得到”；C项buy“购买”；D项purchase“购买”。由句子but if they cannot get to the place of, it is acceptable to phone or write the complaint in a letter.（但如果消费者不能到达地点，可以打电话或写信投诉。）可知，空格处表示“购买商品的地方”，故A、B项排除。C项和D项都有“购买”的意思，但是purchase更偏向于正式场合，在正式交谈以及书面体中多用purchase。故该题D项正确。29.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项effective“有效的”，强调一个事情的结果，表示结果很好；B项efficient“有效率的”，强调一个事情的过程，表示过程很快；C项quick“快的”；D项smooth“顺利的，光滑的”。根据句子Complaining is usually mostwhen it is done politely but firmly（礼貌而非强硬的投诉通常是），可推测空格处应该是表示“有效果的”。故该题A项正确。30.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项specifically“特别地，明确地”，侧重明确指出某一点；B项especially“尤其，特别是”，侧重指出某种异常；C项expectedly“预期地，意料之中地”；D项respectively“分别地，各自地”。根据句子Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, andwhen the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong（礼貌而非强硬的投诉通常是有效的，当顾客能够说明什么是错的时候）可知，空格处应该是表示强调后面的内容，表示“尤其是”。故该题B项正确。31.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查介词用法和句意。A项out of“由于，缺乏”，B项in“在里”，C项without“没有”，D项beyond“超越”。根据句子Complaining is usually most effective when it is done politely but firmly, and especially when the consumer can demonstrate what is wrong with the itemquestion.（礼貌而非强硬的投诉通常是有效的，尤其是当顾客能够可以证明存在问题的商品的问题所在之处的时候），可知填入in正确，in question固定用法表示“有问题的”。故该题B项正确。32.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查句子结构和介词用法。A项in“在里”，B项for“为，对”，C项by“通过”，D项at“在”。根据句子the consumer will succeed bestpresenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by making可知，rather than在这里作连词，后面用了“by介词+动词的现在分词”表示方式状语，因此前面也是同样的结构。句意：消费者最好能提供具体的信息，告诉他们哪里出了问题，而不是。故该题C项正确。33.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查词语辨析和上下文。A项general“通常的”，B项specific“具体的”，C项detailed“详细的”，D项concrete“实在的，有形的”。根据句子the consumer will succeed best by presenting specific information as to what is wrong, rather than by makingstatements（消费者要想获得成功，最好的办法是提供具体的信息，说明什么是错误的，而不是做出说明）可知，空格处是和上文specific对应，所以此空也要填入与specific意思相近的词。故该题C项正确。34.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项suggest“建议，暗示”，B项inform“通知”，C项recommend“推荐”，D项advise“建议”。根据句子The store manager maythe consumer to write to the manufacturer.（商店经理可能会消费者写信给制造商。）可知，空格应该表示“建议”。A项和D项都有“建议”的意思，但是advise后可以直接跟人称代词作宾语，如advise sb. to do sth.，advise sb. against (doing) sth.，advise sb. on/about sth.；而 suggest 后一般用 suggest to sb. that的形式。故该题D项正确。35.【试题答案】A【试题解析】考查上下文语义。上文提到商店经理可能建议消费者写信给厂商，接着下文提到If, the consumer should do this（如果，消费者应该这样做）；A项if so为固定搭配，表示“如果这样”，B项没有if that这个搭配；C项也没有if such的用法；D项thus为连词，不能跟在if后面。故该题A项正确。36.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查固定搭配。根据句子If so, the consumer should do this, stating the complaint as politely and as firmlypossible.（如果是这样，消费者应该这样做，尽可能礼貌和坚定地陈述投诉）可知，as. as.possible表示“尽可能的”。故该题B项正确。37.【试题答案】C【试题解析】考查形容词辨析。A项reasoned“详尽论述的，理由充分的”，B项decided“明确的，显然的”，C项desired“渴望的，想要的”，D项inferred“推论的，推测出的”。根据句子But if a polite complaint does not achieve theresult, the consumer can go a step further.（但是如果一个礼貌的投诉没有达到的结果，消费者还可以采取更进一步的措施。）可知，结合句意空格处应该表达“想要的”。故该题C项正确。38.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查动词辨析。A项frighten“惊吓，惊恐”；B项threaten“威胁”，threaten to do表示“威胁要做”；C项endanger“危及，使遭到危险”；D项appeal“呼吁，上诉”，appeal to表示“上诉，呼吁”。根据句子She or he canto take the seller to court可知，appeal to表示 “上诉”后面应该直接加名词，因此空格处应该填入“威胁”，句意为“她或他可以威胁要把卖主告上法庭”。A项讲“恐吓”有些过分，故该题B项正确。39.【试题答案】D【试题解析】考查上下文语义。A项purchaser“买方”；B项buyer“买主”；C项consumer“消费者”；D项seller“卖家”。上文提到买家可以把卖家告上法庭，下文接着提到report theto a private or public organization（向私人或公共机构报道）可知，空格处表示“卖家”。故该题D项正确。40.【试题答案】B【试题解析】考查词语辨析。A项countable“可数的，可计算的”；B项responsible“负责任的”；C项chargeable“应支付的，可控诉的”；D项suitable“合适的”。根据句子She or he can threaten to take the seller to court or report the seller to a private or public organizationfor protecting consumers rights.（为了对保护消费者的权利，她或他可以威胁要把卖主告上法庭，或把卖主报道给私人或公共机构。）可知，responsible for表示“对负责”。故该题B项正确。6. 单选题The copper pot has become tarnished after many years of neglect.问题1选项A.lost its lusterB.become glossyC.been removedD.been buffed【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。become tarnished表示“变得晦暗的，失去光泽的”；A项lost its luster“失去光泽”，B项become glossy“变得光滑”，C项been removed“被移除”，D项been buffed“被抛光”。句意：这只铜壶多年没管了，已经失去了光泽。因此A项正确。7. 翻译题The United States is a common law country. Every U.S. state has a legal system based on the common law, except Louisiana. Common law has no statutory basis; judges establish common law by applying previous decisions (precedents) to present cases. Although typically affected by statutory authority, broad areas of the law, most notably relating to property, contracts, and torts, are traditionally part of the common law. These areas of the law are mostly within the jurisdiction of the states, and thus state courts are the primary source of common law. Federal common law is relatively narrow in scope, being limited primarily to clearly federal issues that have not been addressed by a statute.State constitutions are the supreme law within the state. Although a state constitution may grant greater rights than those secured by the federal Constitution, it cannot provide lesser rights than the federal constitution does. State statutes must conform to the respective states constitution. All state constitutions and legislation can be preempted by federal legislation or the federal Constitution. Municipal charters, ordinances, rules, and regulations apply only to local issues; either state or federal law typically can preempt them.【答案】参考译文：美国是一个普通法系的国家。除了路易斯安那州，美国各州都拥有一个基于普通法的法律系统。普通法没有成文法基础；法官们通过运用先前的决定（先例）建立普通法去解决当前的案例。尽管通常受法律权限和广泛的法律领域影响，尤其与财产，合同和侵权行为有关的，传统上都是普通法的一部分。这些法律领域大多数都是在各州的管辖范围之内的，因此州法院是普通法的主要来源。联邦普通法是一个适用范围相对狭小的法律，主要限制于处理那些非成文法的联邦问题。州宪法是州内的最高位阶的法律。虽然州宪法授予的权利可能多于联邦宪法所保护的权利，但是州宪法不能提供少于联邦宪法保护的权利。州法令必须符合各自州的宪法。所有州的宪法和法律可能被联邦法律或联邦宪法所取代。市政章程，条例，规则，与规定制度只适用于当地的问题，州或联邦法律通常都可以优先使用它们。8. 单选题The ambassador was given the book as a token of the governments regard for him.问题1选项A.an estimationB.a mementoC.a shareD.a preview【答案】B【解析】考查名词辨析。token表示“象征，代表”；A项estimation“尊重，估计”，B项memento“纪念品”，C项share“份额，股份”，D项preview“预览”。句意：大使被授予此书，表示政府对他的关心。因此B项正确。9. 单选题A job description should give details of the performance _ a specific job.问题1选项A.that is required forB.that requiredC.that requiresD.requiring for【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句。根据句子结构和句意，先行词performance在定语从句中是require的逻辑宾语，是被要求具备的，要用被动语态；C、B、D均为主动语态；本句句意是：工作描述应详细说明具体工作所需的表现。因此选A。10. 单选题_ equally between school and television studios, she was busy learning lines while her friends are hooking on lines.问题1选项A.With time to be splitB.Her time being splitC.With her time being splitD.Time was split【答案】C【解析】考查with介词词组和独立结构。句子没有连词，因此前面部分不可能是完整的主谓宾句子结构，D项句子完整所以排除D。根据句意“她一半时间在学校，一半在电视工作室，她的朋友们正在线上谈情说爱时她却忙于学习台词”，前面应该表示伴随的原因状语，因此A项不定式独立结构不合适，B项分词独立结构和C介词词组都可以表示原因，但with结构伴随意味更强更常用；因此选C更合适。11. 单选题He _ you unless you had spoken slowly.问题1选项A.didnt understandB.wouldnt understandC.wouldnt have understoodD.hadnt understood【答案】C【解析】考查条件句。连词unless意为“除非如果不，除了”，一般用来引导一个否定意义的真实条件句，有时也可引导非真实条件句，相当于if not。从句表示对过去事实的否定，主句应该用would have done；A项和D项缺少情态动词would,故不选；B项缺少have。句意：他不理解，除非你说慢点。根据句意和语法，正确答案为C。12. 单选题_, many operations once performed by hand have come to be performed by machine.问题1选项A.New technology is introduced forB.Introducing new technology andC.With the introduction of new technologyD.