2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解28

2022年考博英语-黑龙江大学考试题库（难点、易错点剖析）附答案有详解1. 单选题The mood of the evening is_ just as it is every year when this topic is brought up.问题1选项A.destroyedB.damagedC.ruinedD.spoiled【答案】D【解析】【选项释义】A. destroyed破坏；摧毁 B. damaged损害C. ruined毁灭 D. spoiled破坏；破坏的兴致【考察点】近义词辨析。【解题思路】A、B、C、D四个选项都有“破坏”的意思。空格处是一个被动语态。空格处的动词用来说明mood“心情”被怎么样了。Mood做主语，句意为每当这个话题被提起时，夜晚的心情就被破坏了。只有D选项spoil指破坏的兴致符合句子语境。因此D选项正确。【干扰项排除】A选项destroy的基本意思是用任何力量“破坏，毁坏”，用于物时，指破坏或毁坏有用的事物; 用于人时，指用武力或暴力“杀死”“毁灭”“消灭”敌人等；B选项damage的基本意思是“损害，伤害”，主要指自然力或人为地在价值、完整性、效能等方面造成损害，一般是局部地、非彻底地、可修复地，可以用于有形物，也可以用于无形物，还可表示对经济信心等造成坏的结果或影响；C选项ruin的基本意思是“破坏，毁掉”，常指因暴力、自然灾害或疏忽等外部原因而造成毁坏，强调倒塌成碎片，也可指健康、声望、容貌、气节、价值等受到严重损坏。以上选项均不能和mood搭配。【句意】就像每年提起这个话题一样，整个晚上的气氛都被破坏了。2. 单选题In the collected body of writing we call literature, there may be distinguished two separate groupings capable of blending, but also fitted for reciprocal repulsion. There is first the literature of knowledge, and secondly the literature of power. The function of the first is to teach; the function of the second is to move. The first speaks to the mere discursive understanding; the second speaks ultimately to the higher understanding or reason, but always through the affections of pleasure and sympathy. Whenever we talk in ordinary language of seeking information or gaining knowledge, we understand the works as connected with absolute novelty. But it is the grandeur of all truth which can occupy a very high place in human interests, although it may not be absolutely novel even to the meanest of minds.What do we learn from “Paradise Lost”? Nothing at all. What do we learn from a cook book? Something new, something we did not know before, in every paragraph. But would we therefore put the wretched cookbook on a higher level of estimation than the divine poem? What we owe to Milton is not any knowledge, of which a million separate items are still but a million advancing steps on the same earthly level. What we owe is power, that is, exercise and expansion of your own latent capacity of sympathy with the infinite, where every pulse and each separate influx is a step upwardsa step ascending as upon Jacobs ladder from earth to mysterious altitudes above the earth. All the steps of knowledge, from first to last, carry us farther on the same plane, but could never raise us one foot above your ancient level on earth, whereas, the very first step of power is flightan ascending into another element where earth is forgotten.1.The passage is written to（ ）.2.According to the passage, the literature of knowledge are（ ）.3.The sentence “The first speaks to the mere discursive understanding” means（ ）.4.The true implication concerning the comparison between “Paradise Lost” and a cookbook is（ ）.5.Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?问题1选项A.differentiate between the attainment of factual knowledge and the arrival at philosophical understandingB.disparage intellectual activities and the attainment of learningC.encourage mysticism as a desirable philosophical goalD.inspire writers to produce more practical books问题2选项A.teachers booksB.books from which we seek information or gain knowledgeC.informative literary worksD.books about the rudder问题3选项A.The first classification of literature is only for reader with discursive understanding.B.Books teaching knowledge are not so logically produced as philosophical readers.C.The literature of knowledge are understood as random works.D.To read a book in the first classification of literature involves only a lower, discursive understanding on the part of the reader.问题4选项A.“Paradise Lost” is more informative than a cookbookB.both books are equally evaluatedC.wretched as it is, a cookbook is more valuable than “Paradise Lost”，from which welearn nothing at allD.“Paradise Lost” is greater than a cookbook问题5选项A.We have gained most of our knowledge from the reading of political treatises.B.The first step on the moon was mankinds most important moment.C.Recipe for bread is worth a thousand poems.D.Great literature must address itself to fundamental philosophical truths rather than to material progress.【答案】第1题:A第2题:B第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】1.意图题。由第一段“There is first the literature of knowledge, and secondly the literature of power.第一种是知识文学，第二种是力量文学。”以及后文对两者进行对比分析，可知本文主要是阐述了知识文学与力量文学的差异。故A项正确。2.细节事实题。由第一段“There is first the literature of knowledge, and secondly the literature of power. The function of the first is to teach; the function of the second is to move. 首先是知识的文学，其次是力量的文学。第一种文学的功能是教化;第二种文学的功能是动之以情。”可知B项“知识文学是我们可以从中获取信息和知识的书籍。”正确。A、C、D三项都是属于知识文学中的一种，不能将知识文学归为其中的某一类。3.推理判断题。由第一段“ The first speaks to the mere discursive understanding; the second speaks ultimately to the higher understanding or reason, but always through the affections of pleasure and sympathy.第一种文学只是纯粹的散乱无章的理解；第二种文学最终指向更高层次的理解或理性，但总是通过愉悦和同情的情感。”可知知识文学在逻辑理解方面不如力量文学严密。故B项正确。4.推理判断题。由第二段“ But would we therefore put the wretched cookbook on a higher level of estimation than the divine poem? What we owe to Milton is not any knowledge, of which a million separate items are still but a million advancing steps on the same earthly level. 但是，我们会因此把这本拙劣的烹饪书置于比神圣的诗歌更高的评价水平吗?我们从弥尔顿那里得到的并不是什么知识，即使有一百万个不同的东西，也不过是在同一个地球上前进了一百万步而已。”可知作者将这两个作品进行对比，肯定了Paradise Lost的价值，给予了其更高的评价。故D项正确。5.主旨大意题。本文将知识文学和力量文学进行了对比，并表达了对力量文学的肯定。由最后一段“ All the steps of knowledge, from first to last, carry us farther on the same plane, but could never raise us one foot above your ancient level on earth, whereas, the very first step of power is flightan ascending into another element where earth is forgotten. 知识的每一步，从头到脚，都只是带我们在同一个层面上走得更远，却永远不能使我们凌驾于尘世毫厘之上。然而，力量文学的第一步是飞行一种超越凡尘的飞跃。”可知作者强调了力量文学的价值，即能超凡脱俗，带人们在更高的层面上取得进步。故D项“伟大的文学作品必须致力于基本的哲学真理，而不是物质进步。”正确。A项“我们的大部分知识都是从阅读政治论文中获得的。”B项“登上月球的第一步是人类最重要的时刻。”C项“面包的配方胜过千首诗。”在文中都找不到依据。3. 单选题In the world of entertainment, TV talk shows have undoubtedly flooded every inch of space on daytime television. And anyone who watches them regularly knows that each one varies in style and format. But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey show.Jerry Springer could easily be considered the king of “trash talk”. The topics on his show are shocking as shocking can be. For example, the show takes the ever-common talk show themes of love, sex, cheating, guilt, hate, conflict and morality to a different level. Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of societys moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other peoples lives.Like Jerry Springer, Oprah Winfrey takes TV talk show to its extreme, but Oprah goes in the opposite direction. The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individuals quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors.Compared to Oprah, the Jerry Springer show looks like poisonous waste being dumped on society. Jerry ends every show with a “final word”. He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable.Clean as it is, the Oprah show is not for everyone. The shows main target audiences are middle-class Americans. Most of these people have the time, money, and stability to deal with lifes tougher problems. Jerry Springer, on the other hand, has more of an association with the young adults of society. These are 18 to 21 -year-olds whose main troubles in life involve love, relationship, sex, money and peers. They are the ones who see some value and lessons to be learned underneath the shows exploitation.While the two shows are as different as night and day, both have ruled the talk show circuit for many years now. Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world.1.Compared with other TV talk shows, both the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey are（ ）.2.Though the social problems Jerry Springer talks about appear distasteful, the audience（ ）.3.Which of the following is likely to be a topic of the Oprah Winfrey show?4.Despite their different approaches, the two talk shows are both（ ）.5.We can learn from the passage that the two talk shows（ ）.问题1选项A.more family-orientedB.unusually popularC.more profoundD.relatively formal问题2选项A.remain fascinated by themB.are ready to face up to themC.remain indifferent to themD.are willing to get involved in them问题3选项A.A new type of robotB.Racist hatredC.Family budget planningD.Street violence问题4选项A.ironicalB.sensitiveC.instructiveD.cynical问题5选项A.have monopolized the talk show circuitB.exploit the weaknesses in human natureC.appear at different times of the dayD.are targeted at different audiences【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:C第4题:C第5题:D【解析】1.推理判断题。由第一段“But no two shows are more profoundly opposite in content, while at the same time standing out above the rest, than the Jerry Springer and the Oprah Winfrey show. 但是，与Jerry和Oprah的脱口秀相比，没有哪两个节目在内容上有如此截然相反的地方，同时又在其他节目中脱颖而出。”可知B项“特别的流行”正确。2.细节事实题。由第二段“Clearly, the Jerry Springer show is a display and exploitation of societys moral catastrophes, yet people are willing to eat up the intriguing predicaments of other peoples lives.很清楚，Jerry的脱口秀展示并揭露了社会的道德灾难，但人们却乐意关注他人生活中遇到的苦难。”可知观众很喜欢这节目。故A项正确。3.推理判断题。由第三段“The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individuals quality of life. Topics range from teaching your children responsibility, managing your work week, to getting to know your neighbors. 这个节目关注社会和个人生活质量的提高。话题范围从教育你的孩子责任，管理你的一周工作，到了解你的邻居。”可知C项“家庭预算方案”正确。4.推理判断题。由第三段“The show focuses on the improvement of society and an individuals quality of life. 这个节目关注社会和个人生活质量的提高。”以及“He makes a small speech that sums up the entire moral of the show. Hopefully, this is the part where most people will learn something very valuable. 他做了一个简短的讲话，总结这次演出的全部寓意。希望大多数人能从中学到一些非常有价值的东西。”可知这两个人的脱口秀节目的内容对观众都是有指导意义的。故C项正确。5.推理判断题。由最后一段“Each one caters to a different audience while both have a strong following from large groups of fans. Ironically, both could also be considered pioneers in the talk show world. 每一种都迎合不同的观众，同时都有大量的粉丝。具有讽刺意味的是，两人也可以被认为是脱口秀界的先驱。”可知这两类脱口秀节目有不同的观众群体。故D项正确。4. 单选题Like many lovers of books, Mary and her husband, Richard Goldman, seldom walked past a bookstore without stopping to look inside. They often talked of opening their own store one day.When Mary was hospitalized with heart trouble in 1989, they decided it was time to get serious. Richard, who worked for a business company, was eager to work for himself, and Mary needed to slow down from her demanding job.They started by talking to bookstore owners and researching the industry. “We knew it had to be a specialty store because we couldnt match the big chains dollar for dollar.” says Mary. One figure caught her attention: Shed read somewhere that roughly 20 percent of books sold were mysteries, and many buyers spent more $300 a year on books. She and Richard were themselves mystery readers.On Halloween 1992, they opened the Mystery Lovers Bookshop and Cafe near their home. With three children in college, the couple could not spend all the familys money to start a shop. To cover the $ 100,000 cost, they drew some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank.The store merely broke even in its first year, with only $120,000 in sales. But Mary was always coming up with new ways to attract customers. The shop had a coffee bar and it offered gifts to mystery lovers and served dinners for book clubs that met in the store. She also invited dozens of writers to discuss their stories.Today Mystery Lovers makes sales of about $420,000 a year. After paying taxes, business costs and the six part-time sales clerks, Richard and Mary together earn about $34,000.“The job you love may not go hand in hand with a million-dollar income,” says Richard. “This has always been about an enjoyable life for ourselves, not about making a lot of money.”1.When Mary was in hospital, the couple realized that（ ）.2.After Mary got well from her illness they began（ ）.3.How did their bookstore do in the first year?4.According to Richard, the main purpose of running the bookstore is（ ）.5. What is the authors attitude about doing something you like but cannot earn lots of money?问题1选项A.they had to put their plan into practiceB.health was more important than wealthC.heart trouble was a serious illnessD.they both needed to stop working问题2选项A.to study industrial managementB.to buy and read more mystery booksC.to do market research on book businessD.to work harder to save money for the bookstore问题3选项A.They had to borrow money to keep it going.B.They made just enough to cover all the costs.C.They succeeded in earning a lot of money.D.They failed though they worked hard.问题4选项A.to pay for their childrens educationB.to get to know more writersC.to set up more bookstoresD.to do what they like to do问题5选项A.He is for it.B.He is against it.C.He has no special attitude.D.We dont know.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D第5题:C【解析】1.推理判断题。第一段讲述了Mary夫妇特别喜欢书，他们经常谈论有一天开一个自己的书店。再由第二段“When Mary was hospitalized with heart trouble in 1989, they decided it was time to get serious. 1989年玛丽因心脏病住院时，他们决定是时候认真对待这件事了。”可知Mary夫妇决心认真对待他们的开书店的计划。故A项正确。2.细节事实题。由第三段“They started by talking to bookstore owners and researching the industry. 他们首先与书店老板交谈，并对这个行业进行了研究。”可知他们开始对书店行业进行市场调研。故C项正确。3.细节事实题。由第四段“To cover the $ 100,000 cost, they drew some of their savings, borrowed from relatives and from a bank. 为了支付这10万美元的费用，他们从亲戚和银行借了一部分存款。”以及第五段“The store merely broke even in its first year, with only $120,000 in sales这家店在开业第一年仅仅实现了收支平衡，销售额只有12万美元”可知B项“他们赚的仅够支付成本”正确。4.推理判断题。由最后一段“This has always been about an enjoyable life for ourselves, not about making a lot of money. 对我们自己来说，这一直是一种享受生活的方式，而不是为了赚很多钱。”可知Richard开书店的原因是出于对书的热爱。故D项“做自己想做的事情”正确。5.观点态度题。全文讲述了一对夫妇出于对书的热爱，最后开了一家书店的故事，没有涉及作者的观点态度。故C项正确。5. 单选题Mary once_ with another musician to compose a piece of pop music.问题1选项A.mergedB.collaboratedC.coincidedD.constituted【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. merged（尤指商业结构）合并；（使）融合，逐渐消失 B. collaborated合作C. coincided一致；符合；同时发生 D. constituted组成；构成【考查点】动词辨析。【解题思路】空格后有with表示和一起，表伴随。根据逻辑关系，应该是二人合作一起创作音乐。B选项符合句意，正确。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】玛丽有一次与另一位音乐家合作谱写了一首流行乐曲。6. 单选题If you had done it as you（ ）,you would have succeeded.问题1选项A.were toldB.would be toldC.had been toldD.were told to【答案】D【解析】考查语法。原句应为“as you were told to (do)”前半句出现了同样的动词，后半句可以省略to do中的do，但to不能省。故D项正确。句意：如果按照别人告诉你的那样做的话，你早就成功了。7. 单选题The branches of the small tree could hardly（ ）the weight of the fruit.问题1选项A.retainB.maintainC.remainD.sustain【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。retain“保持，记住”；maintain“保持”；remain“保持，留下”；sustain“维持，支持，支撑”。句意；小树的枝丫很难承受果实的重量。D项符合题意。8. 单选题His family tried to_ into the white and Hispanic communities.问题1选项A.meltB.assimilateC.involveD.weaver【答案】B【解析】【选项释义】A. melt融化 B. assimilate 吸收；使同化C. involve包含；牵涉 D. weaver织布工；编织工【考查点】固定搭配。【解题思路】assimilate into表示（使）逐渐混合于（某一更大的群体）。句中white and Hispanic communities指的是白人和西班牙裔社区，是一个大群体。B选项符合句意。【干扰项排除】A、C、D选项均无法与空格前后构成相应逻辑关系。【句意】他的家人试图融入白人和西班牙裔社区。9. 单选题I remember（ ）the door before I went to bed.问题1选项A.lockingB.to lockC.to have lockedD.being locked【答案】A【解析】考查remember的用法。“remember to do something”记得要做某事却没做；“remember doing something”记得做过某事。句意：我记得睡之前锁了门。如果B项正确，那么C项也对。D项是一种被动的表达，排除。故答案A。10. 单选题The two surfaces（ ）to each other and we couldnt get them apart.问题1选项A.stuckB.clungC.coheredD.adhered【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。stick“粘住，贴有粘着剂而变得固定”，stick to 坚持；cling“紧抓”；cohere“凝结，粘着”；adhere to“粘附，指被吸力或胶水粘住”。句意：这两个面粘在一起了，我们不能把它们分离。故D项符合题意。11. 单选题My pain（ ）apparent the minute I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”问题1选项A.must beB.had beenC.must have beenD.had to be【答案】C【解析】考查语法。must have done表示对过去肯定的假设。句意：我的疼痛一定很明显，因为当我走进房间时，我见到的第一个人问道“你还好吧？”。由for可推断我的疼痛比较明显。故C项正确。12. 不定项选择题From the health point of view we are living in a marvelous age. We are immunized from birth against many of the most dangerous diseases. A large number of once fatal illnesses can now be cured by modern drugs and surgery. It is almost certain that one day remedies will be found for the most stubborn remaining disease. The expectation of life has increased enormously. But though the possibility of living a long and happy life is greater than ever before, every day we witness the incredible slaughter of men, women and children on the roads. Man versus the motor-car! It is a never-ending battle which man is losing. Thousands of people the world over are killed or horribly killed each year and we are quietly sitting back and letting it happen.It has been rightly said that when a man is sitting behind a steering wheel, his car becomes the extension of his personality. There is no doubt that the motor-car often brings out a mans very worst qualities. People who are normally quiet and pleasant may become unrecognizable when they are behind a steering wheel. They swear, they are ill-mannered and aggressive, willful as two-year-old and utterly selfish. All their hidden frustrations, disappointments and jealousies seem to be brought to the surface by the act of driving.The surprising thing is that the society smiles so gently on the motorist and seems to forgive his behavior. Everything is done for his convenience. Cities are allowed to become almost uninhabitable because of heavy traffic; towns are made ugly by huge car parks; the countryside is desecrated by road networks; and the mass annual slaughter becomes nothing more than a statistic, to be conveniently forgotten.It is high time a world code were created to reduce this senseless waste of human life. With regard to driving, the laws of some countries are notoriously lax and even the strictest are not strict enough. A code which was universally accepted could only have a dramatically beneficial effect on the accident rate. Here are a few examples of the things that might be done. The driving test should be standardized and made far difficult than it is; all the drivers should be made to take a test every three years or so; the age at which young people are, allowed to drive any vehicle should be raised to at least 21; all vehicles should be put through strict annual tests for safety. Even the smallest amount of alcohol in the blood can impair a persons driving ability. Present drinking and driving laws (where they exist) should be made much stricter. Maximum and minimum speed limits should be imposed on all roads. Governments should lay down safety specification for manufacturers, as has been done in the USA. All advertising stressing power and performance should be banned. These measures may sound inordinately harsh. But surely nothing should be considered as too severe if it results in reducing the annual toll of human life. After all, the world is for human beings, not for motor-cars.1. The main idea of this passage is_.2. What does the author think of society toward motorists?3. Why does the author say: “his car becomes the extension of his