2022-2023年考博英语-四川师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）第41期

2022-2023年考博英语-四川师范大学模拟考试题（含答案解析）1. 单选题To everybodys surprise, the referee took a _ view of the foul and did not punish the player at all.问题1选项A.lenientB.divergentC.dimD.cautious【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项lenient“宽大的；仁慈的”；B选项divergent“相异的，分歧的；求异的，发散的；散开的”；C选项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲观的，怀疑的”；D选项cautious“谨慎的；十分小心的”。句意：令大家吃惊的是，裁判对这次犯规很宽容，根本没有处罚球员。因此A选项正确。2. 单选题Every year schools all over the country will _ new students the first week in September.问题1选项A.absorbB.includeC.enrollD.register【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项absorb“吸收；吸引；承受；理解”；B选项include“包含，包括”；C选项enroll“登记；使加入；把记入名册；使入伍”；D选项register“登记；（旅馆）登记住宿；挂号邮寄；表达（意见或情感）；显示（读数）”。register一般是指录取后登记；enroll是报名参加的意思，仅是报名阶段。句意：每年9月的第一周，全国各地的学校都会招收新生。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Imagine a disease spreading across the globe, killing mostly middle-aged people or leaving them chronically disabled. Then one day researchers come up with a drug that can prevent some of the diseases nastier effects. You would think the worlds ageing public would be eternally grateful.The disease does exist. It is called tobacco addiction. The drug too is real and in animal tests has prevented lung damage that leads to emphysema. But the inventors have received no bouquets. Prevailing medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow, distracting smokers from the task of quitting. Another experimental drug, which could protect smokers against cancer, is also viewed with suspicion because it could give smokers an excuse not to quit.On the face of it these responses make sense. It is ingrained in society that smokers have only themselves to blame and their salvation lies in a simple act of will. If they will not quit smoking, they cannot expect help from anyone else.But this logic is flawed. Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year. Yet, even with nicotine gum, patches and drugs to ease the ordeal, the quit rate is still under 10 percent. In the UK, the proportion of people who smoke has not fallen in a decade. Tobacco has a powerful grip, and many smoker are caught in a trap they cannot escape: they have a disease like any other and deserve the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.This reasoning is hard for many to swallow. It certainly leaves governments and anti-smoking groups in a bind. They are happy to pay lip service to methods for reducing harmof which three are a growing numberbut they are slow to create policies based upon them. European Union countries, for example, took years to even consider regulating the dangerous additives in cigarettes.One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute the message that tobacco killsespecially when given to youngsters. But that message wont change, in the present case, even if both drugs turn out to work in human trials, they would not protect against all the deadly side effects of smoking. And the drugs do not have to be free to all. They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors believe genuinely cannot give up.There are things that no drug aimed at harm reduction will ever be able to do. It will not cut passive smoking or stop tobacco companies persuading millions of teenagers to light up. For these reasons all other ways to counter smoking must continue, from banning tobacco advertising to raising tobacco taxes. But it would be a mistake to ignore the harm reduction measures. For those who are not convinced, forget smokers for a moment. Preventive drugs could also help non-smokers, especially those working long hours as, say, musicians and bar staff in smoky rooms. Should we deny them too?1. The statement “But the inventors have received no bouquets” implies that _.2. The author argues that _.3. The author is trying to emphasize that the drugs _.4. The drugs, according to the author, are expected _.5. We can draw a conclusion from the passage that _.问题1选项A.the drugs have received suspicionB.the inventors just presented a sideshowC.it will take time for the public to accept the new drugD.the effects of the drug need further test on human trials问题2选项A.no smoker is expected to succeed in quittingB.smokers deserve the harm smoking does to themC.smokers with resolution to stop smoking need helpD.smokers could succeed with strong resolution to give up问题3选项A.are mainly aimed at youngstersB.should be available to smokers free of chargeC.will not change the message that tobacco killsD.help regulate the dangerous additives in cigarettes问题4选项A.to perform preventive functions in non-smokersB.to reduce the number of passive smokersC.to enforce the combat against smokingD.all of the above问题5选项A.with innovative drugs smokers can still enjoy personal gratifications and stay healthyB.if a drug can save lives, we shouldnt withhold it without good reasonC.the battle against smoking is far from wonD.there will be a safe way to smoke【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:C第4题:C第5题:C【解析】1.语义推测题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“But the inventors have received no bouquets. Prevailing medical opinion seems to be that the drug is a mere sideshow, distracting smokers from the task of quitting. Another experimental drug, which could protect smokers against cancer, is also viewed with suspicion because it could give smokers an excuse not to quit.（但是这些发明家没有收到任何花束。流行的医学观点似乎是，药物只是次要的，它分散了吸烟者的任务，戒烟。另一种可以保护吸烟者不患癌症的实验性药物也受到怀疑，因为它可以给吸烟者一个不戒烟的借口。）”，由此可知这些发明家发明的药物受到人们的怀疑，所以A选项“这些药物已经受到怀疑”符合题意。B选项“发明家只是表演了一个小插曲”；C选项“公众接受这种新药需要一段时间”；D选项“药物的效果需要进一步的人体试验”都与题干无关。因此A选项正确。2.观点态度题。根据第四段“Yet, even with nicotine gum, patches and drugs to ease the ordeal, the quit rate is still under 10 percent.（然而，即使使用尼古丁口香糖、贴片和药物来缓解这种折磨，戒烟率仍然低于10%。）”可知A选项“预计没有烟民会成功戒烟”错误；根据第四段最后一句“they have a disease like any other and deserve the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.（他们和其他任何疾病一样，有机会减少烟草对他们的危害。）”可知B选项“吸烟者应该受到吸烟所造成的伤害”说法错误；根据第四段“Check a survey of smokers and you find two-thirds want to give up and one-third will have tried in the previous year.（对吸烟者进行调查，你会发现三分之二的人想要戒烟，三分之一的人在前一年已经尝试过了）”以及“they have a disease like any other and deserve the chance to reduce the harm it does to them.（他们和其他任何疾病一样，有机会减少烟草对他们的危害。）”可知C选项“决心戒烟的人需要帮助”正确；D选项“吸烟者可以通过坚定的决心戒烟成功”文章没有提到。因此C选项正确。3.作者意图题。根据题干可定位到文章第六段“One fear is that methods for reducing harm will dilute the message that tobacco killsespecially when given to youngsters. But that message wont change, in the present case, even if both drugs turn out to work in human trials, they would not protect against all the deadly side effects of smoking. （一种担心是，减少烟草危害的方法会淡化烟草致人死亡的信息尤其是对青少年而言。但在目前的情况下，这一信息不会改变，即使这两种药物在人体试验中都有效，它们也不能预防吸烟的所有致命副作用。）”可知作者强调该药物不会改变烟草致人死亡的信息，所以C选项“不会改变烟草致人死亡的信息”正确。A选项“主要针对年轻人”说法错误，该药物针对的是所有烟民；B选项“应该免费提供给吸烟者”说法错误，文章提到“And the drugs do not have to be free to all. They could be available only on prescription for people who doctors believe genuinely cannot give up.（而且药物并不一定要对所有人免费。只有医生认为真正不能放弃的人才能买到这种药。）”；D选项“帮助控制香烟中的危险添加剂”文章没有提到，因此C选项正确。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章最后一段“For these reasons all other ways to counter smoking must continue, from banning tobacco advertising to raising tobacco taxes.（出于这些原因，从禁止烟草广告到提高烟草税，所有其他抵制吸烟的方式都必须继续下去。）”，由此可知该药物将会加强反对吸烟的斗争，所以C选项“加强反对吸烟的斗争”正确。A选项“对不吸烟者起到预防作用”，文章提到“Preventive drugs could also help non-smokers（预防性药物也可以帮助不吸烟者）”，并没有提到预防作用，只说会有帮助，A选项错误；B选项“减少被动吸烟的数量”说法错误，文章最后一段提到“It will not cut passive smoking or stop tobacco companies persuading millions of teenagers to light up.（它不会减少被动吸烟，也不会阻止烟草公司劝说数百万青少年吸烟。）”；D选项“以上都是”。因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。文章主要讲了能预防吸烟带来的不良后果的药物。文章提到这种药物受到很多质疑，并且一一回答了它们。文章最后一段提到有些东西是任何药物都无法做到的，所以呼吁人们提高禁烟意识，并且参与到禁烟活动中去。由此可知人们的反对禁烟的斗争还远未取得胜利，所以C选项“反对禁烟的斗争还远未取得胜利”正确。A选项“有了创新药物，吸烟者仍然可以享受个人满足和保持健康”说法错误，文章并没有提到这一观点；B选项“如果一种药物可以挽救生命，我们不应该没有充分的理由就拒绝它”，文章也没有提到，且人们对新药物持质疑态度也是可行的；D选项“将会有一个更安全的吸烟方式”并不是文章所侧重的，因此C选项正确。4. 单选题Charles Dickens, like millions of children all over the world throughout the ages, was enchanted by fairy tales. He acknowledged the deep formative impact that the wondrous figures and events of fairy tales helps children better than anything else in their most difficult, yet most important and satisfying task; achieving a more mature consciousness to tame the chaotic pressure of their unconsciousness.Fairy tales, unlike any other form of literature, direct children to discover their identity and calling. These stories hint that a good, rewarding life is within ones reach despite adversity. They promise that if one dares to engage in this fearsome and taxing search, benevolent powers will come to ones aid, and that one will succeed. But fairy tales also warn that those who are too timid or narrow-minded to risk them-selves must settle for humdrum existence.In the past, those who loved fairy tales were often subjected to the scorn of pedants. But today many of our children are deprived of the chance to know fairy stories at all. Most children now meet fairy tales, if they encounter them at all, only in prettified versions that subdue their meaning and rob them of all deeper significance. One can see such versions in films and on television, where fairy tales are tamed into empty-minded entertainment.Throughout history, the intellectual life of children largely depended on mythical and religious stories, and on fairy tales. This traditional literature fed childrens imagination and stimulated their fantasies. At the same time, these stories were a major agent of the childs socialization. Children could learn social ideals from the material of myths, while fairy tales provide patterns of behavior modeled on these ideals. These were the images of the unconquered heroes, whose life history showed that it is not beneath the dignity of the strongest to clean the filthiest stable.1. The author cited Dickens in order to _.2. It is implied in the second paragraph that _.3. The author identified all of the following as benefits children derive from fairy tales EXCEPT _.4. According to the passage, todays children seldom experience fairy tales in the original because these literary forms are _.5. Which of the following best expresses the main idea of the passage?问题1选项A.call attention to a person who began by writing fairy talesB.support the authors scorn for those who adapt fairy tales for films and televisionC.prove the formative influence of fairy tales on writersD.provide an example of one who understands the importance of fairy tales to children问题2选项A.most fairy tales are success storiesB.children learn their moral lesson from fairy talesC.most fairy tales are too difficult for children to comprehendD.children often identify themselves with the characters in fairy tales问题3选项A.expressing complex issues in language children can understandB.serving as introductions to complex questions by rewarding lifestylesC.teaching children the wisdom of facing risks to achieve more fulfilling livesD.improving a childs imagination through models of vivid imagery问题4选项A.no longer availableB.not understandable to childrenC.shortened to entertainingD.no relevant to the concerns of contemporary children问题5选项A.Many of todays children lack the important socializing influence of myths and fairy tales.B.Fairy tales provide models for human feelings and are therefore essential to the growth of children.C.The best way to tame a childs unconscious being is to allow him to experience fairy tales.D.The diminishing importance of the role of fairy tales in child development explains todays problems.【答案】第1题:D第2题:A第3题:A第4题:C第5题:B【解析】1.作者意图题。文章开头提到“Charles Dickens, like millions of children all over the world throughout the ages, was enchanted by fairy tales. He acknowledged the deep formative impact that the wondrous figures and events of fairy tales helps children better than anything else in their most difficult, yet most important and satisfying task.（查尔斯狄更斯，就像那个时代世界上数百万的孩子一样，为童话故事所陶醉。他承认童话故事中奇妙的人物和事件对孩子们的成长有着深刻的影响，在他们最困难、最重要、最令人满意的任务中，这些人物和事件比其他任何东西都更有帮助）”，由此可知查尔斯狄更斯是作者引用的一个用来说明童话故事对孩子们的重要性的一个例子，所以D选项“提供一个理解童话故事对孩子重要性的例子”符合题意。A选项“引起对一个开始写童话故事的人的注意”；B选项“支持作者对那些把童话故事改编成电影和电视的人的蔑视”；C选项“论证童话对作家的形成影响”都不如D选项更符合题意，因此D选项正确。2.判断推理题。第二段提到“These stories hint that a good, rewarding life is within ones reach despite adversity. They promise that if one dares to engage in this fearsome and taxing search, benevolent powers will come to ones aid, and that one will succeed.（这些故事暗示，一个人即使身处逆境，也能过上美好而有意义的生活。他们承诺，如果一个人敢于进行可怕而费力的探索，仁慈的力量将会来帮助他，他就会成功。）”，由此可知童话故事大部分都是成功的故事，所以A选项“大多数童话故事都是成功的故事”符合题意。B选项“孩子们从童话中吸取道德教训”；C选项“大多数童话故事对孩子们来说太难理解了”以及D选项“孩子们常常认同童话里的人物”该段落都没有体现，因此A选项正确。3.判断推理题。根据第二段“These stories hint that a good, rewarding life is within ones reach despite adversity.（这些故事暗示，一个人即使身处逆境，也能过上美好而有意义的生活。）”可知B选项“通过奖励生活方式来介绍复杂的问题”正确；根据第一段最后一句“achieving a more mature consciousness to tame the chaotic pressure of their unconsciousness.（获得更成熟的意识来驯服他们无意识的混乱压力。）”可知C选项“教孩子们面对风险的智慧，以实现更充实的生活”正确；根据最后一段“This traditional literature fed childrens imagination and stimulated their fantasies.（这种传统文学丰富了孩子们的想象力，激发了他们的幻想。）”可知D选项“通过生动形象的模型来提高孩子的想象力”正确，只有A选项“用孩子们能理解的语言表达复杂的问题”文章没有提及，因此该题应选A选项。4.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第三段“Most children now meet fairy tales, if they encounter them at all, only in prettified versions that subdue their meaning and rob them of all deeper significance. One can see such versions in films and on television, where fairy tales are tamed into empty-minded entertainment.（大多数孩子现在看到的童话，如果他们能看到的话，也只是经过美化的版本，削弱了它们的意义，剥夺了它们所有更深层次的意义。人们可以在电影和电视上看到这样的版本，童话故事被驯服为空洞的娱乐消遣）”，由此可知现在的儿童很少体验到原始的童话故事是因为它们被削减美化成了娱乐消遣，所以C选项“削减为娱乐”符合题意。A选项“不再提供”；B选项“儿童不能理解”；D选项“与当代儿童的关注无关”。因此C选项正确。5.主旨大意题。文章主要阐述童话故事对儿童成长的重要性。第一段以例子说明童话故事对儿童的深刻影响；第二段描写童话故事对儿童精神世界的影响；第三段主要分析了当今社会儿童很少体验到原始童话故事的问题；第四段主要说明了童话故事对儿童智力以及情感方面的影响。综上且结合全文，B选项“童话故事为人类情感提供了模型，因此对儿童的成长至关重要”最能表达文章的主旨。A选项“当今许多儿童缺乏神话和童话故事的重要社会影响”；C选项“驯服孩子潜意识的最好方法是让他体验童话故事”；D选项“童话在儿童发展中作用的重要性的下降解释了今天的问题”都不如B选项贴合文章大意，因此B选项正确。5. 单选题Doctors must inform _ parents about the low odds of success in fertility treatments.问题1选项A.protectiveB.respectiveC.prospectiveD.perspective【答案】C【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项protective“防护的；关切保护的；保护贸易的”；B选项respective“分别的，各自的”；C选项prospective“未来的；预期的”；D选项perspective“透视的”。句意：医生必须告知准父母生育治疗成功的几率很低。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Because we had eaten turkey on Thanksgiving for so many years, we wondered whether some other dish might be an equally tasty _.问题1选项A.alternativeB.alternationC.altercationD.allusion【答案】A【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项alternative“二中择一；供替代的选择；替代品”；B选项alternation“交替，轮流，间隔”；C选项altercation“争论；争吵；争辩；口角”；D选项allusion“典故；暗指；提及；故事”。句意：由于这么多年来我们在感恩节时都吃火鸡，我们从未想过是否其他的饭菜会成为同样可口的替代。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题What _ suppose would happen if the director knew you felt that way?问题1选项A.will youB.do youC.would youD.you would【答案】B【解析】考查语序。在该句子中，do you suppose相当于一个插入语，What would happen if the . 才是一个整体，做全句的宾语从句。类似的表达还有do you think等。句意：你猜想看看，如果主管知道你那样想之后会发生什么事。因此B选项正确。8. 单选题Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so _ at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.问题1选项A.adroitB.shrewdC.considerateD.foxy【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项adroit“敏捷的，灵巧的；熟练的”；B选项shrewd“精明的；机灵的”；C选项considerate“体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的”；D选项foxy“像狐狸的；狡猾的；（女性）狐媚的；赤褐色的；（葡萄酒）有麝香味的；（纸或其他材料）有斑点的，泛黄的”。句意：本杰明富兰克林年轻时很笨拙，但后来变得善于交际，善于与人打交道，被任命为美国驻法国大使。因此A选项正确。9. 翻译题We do not know exactly how long the country has been occupied but the earliest discovered site of occupation is about 47,000 years old. To put this in perspective, since the First Fleet arrived in 1788 there have been only eight generations of settlers. On the other hand, there have been at least 18,500 generations of the Peoples of the Dreaming.The Peoples of the Dreaming belonged to over 500 different groups or nations with different languages and cultures but they were bound together by their belief in the Dreaming. “The Dreaming” or “The Dreamtime” is the most enduring religion in Australia today. It is based on the central principle that the people who live on the continent have special responsibilities to the landthat the land owns them and that they hold it in trust as the home of their creator. However, in the immensely variable landscape of the country, different cultures and different languages developed within this broad framework of the Dreamtime.【答案】我们不知道这个国家被占领的确切时间，但最早发现的占领遗址大约有4.7万年的历史。从这个角度来看，自1788年第一舰队到达后，只有8代移民。另一方面，已经有至少18500代梦创时代的后人（原住民）。梦创时代的后人属于500多个不同的群体或国家，他们拥有不同的语言和文化，但他们因为梦里的信念而联系在一起。梦创时代是今天澳大利亚最持久的宗教。它基于这样一个中心原则：生活在大陆上的人民对土地负有特殊责任土地拥有他们而且他们把土地作为创造者的家园来保管。然而，在这个国家多变的景观中，不同的文化和不同的语言在这个梦创时代的大框架内发展起来。10. 单选题In the case of Finney, where an attendant at a mental hospital caused the death of a patient by releasing a flow of boiling water into a bath, the test was whether he was grossly _.问题1选项A.negativeB.negligentC.neglectedD.negligible【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项negative“负的；消极的；否定的；阴性的”；B选项negligent“疏忽的；粗心大意的”；C选项neglected“被忽视的；无人照管的”；D选项negligible“微不足道的，可以忽略的”。句意：在芬尼案中，精神病院的一名护工将沸腾的开水倒入浴缸，导致一名病人死亡，测试的是他是否严重疏忽。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题It is clear that human history will end; the only mystery is when. It is also clear that if the timing is left to nature (or, if you prefer, to God) and humans hang on until the bloody end, the races final exit will be ignoble. If future generations escape the saurian agony of extinction by a wandering chunk of rock or ice, the suns unavoidable growth to giant-hood will still burn their last successors to ashes: only cinders and gases and dust will remain.Far future generations might prolong the process by posting colonies beyond the earths orbit, but these would be sad outposts at the end of the solar systems long day, clutching memories of a lost planet and of billions of sacrificed souls. The difficultiesfantastic difficultiesof interstellar travel might be overcome, but the mightiest of starships could do no more than defer the end of the world. An ignoble existence hopping from planet to planetclinging to each clod until it, in its turn, was vaporized or frozenmight still be bearable were it not for the knowledge of its final uselessness. In the end, there is only death by gravity or entropy, the fiery quantum pit or the heatless grey soup.The great violinist Jascha Heifetz was great not least because he quit the concert stage at his peak, before the show became stale or the audience drifted away. To exit gracefully is sublime, as Heifetz understood. And only one species is capable of choosing a similarly graceful exit; all others march on like robots. To call time on the human race by choice, not necessity, would be the final victory of the human spirit over animal nature, an absolute emancipation from the command of DNA. Precisely because no other known life-form could do or even conceive such a thing, humanity must.More science has revealed only one place in the universe that is hospitable to intelligent life, and humans are the only intelligence that, as far as is known, has ever enjoyed the opportunity to occupy it. If people left the stage after a reasonable run, in the fullness of time intelligence could evolve again (dolphin-people? Chimp-people? Orchid-people?). And then, in due course, when this new species deciphered human books or reached the marker that might be left for them on the windless moon, they would know that man ended his dominion so that theirs might begin. Imagine, then, how they will regard us. It is, far and away, the greatest act of goodness ever contemplated, the ennoblement of a whole species; an act, almost, of angels.1. According to the passage, what might be human beings best cho