考研考博-考博英语-华东交通大学模拟考试题含答案2

考研考博-考博英语-华东交通大学模拟考试题含答案1. 单选题To my surprise, the young man was resourceful enough to find infinite ways to express his emotions with gestures.问题1选项A.plentifulB.versatileC.imaginaryD.imaginative【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项plentiful“丰富的”；B选项versatile“多才多艺的”；C选项imaginary“想象的”；D选项imaginative“富有想象力的”。句意：令我惊讶的是，这个年轻人竟然足够机智，能用手势来表达自己的情感。划线部分resourceful是机智的、资源丰富的意思。因此B选项正确。2. 单选题People who live in small towns often seem more friendly than those who living in（ ）populated areas.问题1选项A.abundantlyB.intenselyC.denselyD.intensively【答案】C【解析】考查副词辨析。A选项abundantly“丰富地，大量地”；B选项intensely“强烈地”；C选项densely“浓密地，密集地”；D选项intensively“集中地，广泛地”。根据句中的关键词“than”可知，前后形成对比。句意：住在小城镇的人似乎比住在人口稠密地区的人更友好。人口稠密用“densely populated”，所以选项C正确。3. 翻译题Healthy FoodAn active lifestyle and a healthy, fish-rich diet are not only good for your heart, they may also help tackle the memory loss associated with old age, two leading neuroscientists said on Wednesday.As people live longer, finding ways of halting the decline in mental agility is becoming increasingly important, said Professor Ian Robertson, director of the Institute of Neuroscience at Trinity College Dublin.“The biggest threat to being able to function well and properly is our brains,” he told journalists.“There is very strong evidence, particularly in the over-50s, that the degree to which you maintain your mental faculties depends on a handful of quite simple environmental factors,” he said.Those who remained physically fit, avoided high stress levels and enjoyed a rich and varied social life are better equipped to stay alert as they age. Mental stimulation, learning new things and simply thinking young also help.【答案】健康的食物美国两位著名的神经科学家于本周三称，积极的生活方式，健康的、富含鱼类的饮食不仅对心脏有好处，还有助于解决因年老而导致的记忆丧失问题。都柏林三一学院神经科学研究所主任伊恩罗伯逊教授说，随着人类的寿命越来越长，寻找能够阻止人类思维敏捷度下降的方法正变得越来越重要。他告诉记者：“对身体机能正常运转的最大威胁是我们的大脑。”他说：“有强有力的证据表明，一个人能否保持良好的智力水平取决于一些非常简单的环境因素，对那些50岁以上的人来说尤其如此。”那些身体健康、能避免高压力、享受丰富多彩的社交生活的人，在他们上了年纪后，头脑会更清醒。精神刺激、学习新事物和保持年轻的心态也有帮助。4. 单选题Our civilization cannot be thought of as（ ）in a short period of time.问题1选项A.to have been createdB.to be createdC.having been createdD.being created【答案】C【解析】考查被动语态。as在这里是介词，后面应接名词性质的词，排除A、B，create的动作是过去发生的，应该用过去时态，排除D。句意：不应把我们的文明看作是短期内创造出来的。因此C选项正确。5. 单选题The athlete has been accused of（ ）his performance with illegal drugs, but he firmly denies the charges.问题1选项A.enhancingB.tenderingC.dilutingD.dispensing【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项enhancing“提高”；B选项tendering“提议”；C选项diluting“稀释”；D选项dispensing“配发”。句意：这位运动员被指控使用违禁药物提高成绩，但他坚决否认这些指控。本句表示提高成绩。因此A选项正确。6. 单选题When I（ ）my senses, I found myself wrapped up in bed in my little room, with Grandma bending over me.问题1选项A.woke upB.took toC.picked upD.came to【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。come to ones sense 意为“清醒过来；恢复理性”。句意：当我回过神来，发现自己正裹在小房间的床上，奶奶正俯身看着我。选项D符合语境。7. 单选题There was a（ ）drop in support for the Union in the 1974 election.问题1选项A.delicateB.distinctC.distantD.downward【答案】B【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。A选项delicate“微妙的”；B选项distinct“明显的”；C选项distant“冷漠的”；D选项downward“向下的”。句意：在1974年的选举中，支持联邦的人数明显下降。本句表示支持率明显下降，因此B选项正确。8. 单选题The vast majority of people in any culture will（ ）to the established standards of that culture.问题1选项A.conformB.confineC.confirmD.confront【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项“conform”，意为“相符合”，B选项“confine”，意为“监禁，限制”，C选项“confirm”，意为“证明 ，确认”，D选项“confront”，意为“面对，遭遇”。句意：任何文化中的大多数人都会和该文化的既定标准保持一致。A选项符合句意。9. 单选题There are many who believe that the use of force（ ）political ends can never be justified.问题1选项A.in search ofB.in pursuit ofC.in view ofD.in light of【答案】B【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项in search of“寻找”；B选项in pursuit of“在追求时”；C选项in view of“鉴于”；D选项in light of“按照”。句意：许多人认为用武力实现政治目的永远不可能是正当的。本句表示对政治目的的追求。因此B选项正确。10. 单选题This book is about how these basic beliefs and values affect important（ ）of American life.问题1选项A.facetsB.formatsC.formulasD.fashions【答案】A【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项facets“方面”；B选项formats“构成”；C选项formulas“方案”；D选项fashions“风尚”。句意：这本书是关于这些基本信念和价值观如何影响美国生活的重要方面。本句表示美国生活的重要方面。因此A选项正确。11. 单选题In some countries where racial prejudice is acute, violence has so come to be taken for granted as a means of solving differences, that it is not even questioned. There are countries where the white man imposes his rule by brute force; there are countries where the black man protests by setting fire to cities and by looting and pillaging. Important people on both sides, who would in other respects appear to be reasonable men, get up and calmly argue in favor of violence as if it were a legitimate solution, like any other. What is really frightening, what really fills you with despair, is the realization that when it comes to the crunch, we have made no actual progress at all. We may wear collars and ties instead of war-paint, but our instincts remain basically unchanged. The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing. We have still not learnt that violence never solves a problem but makes it more acute. The sheer horror, the bloodshed, the suffering mean nothing. No solution ever comes to light the morning after when we dismally contemplate the smoking ruins and wonder what hit us.The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement. If half the energy that goes into violent acts were put to good use, if our efforts were directed at cleaning up the slums and ghettos, at improving living standards and providing education and employment for all, we would have gone a long way to arriving at a solution. Our strength is sapped by having to mop up the mess that violence leaves in its wake. In a well-directed effort, it would not be impossible to fulfill the ideals of a stable social programme. The benefits that can be derived from constructive solutions are everywhere apparent in the world around us. Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.Before we can even begin to contemplate peaceful co-existence between the races, we must appreciate each others problems. And to do this, we must learn about them: it is a simple exercise in communication, in exchanging information. “Talk, talk, talk,” the advocates of violence say, “all you ever do is talk, and we are none the wiser.” Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser. “Possible, my lord,” the barrister replied, “none the wiser, but surely far better informed.” Knowledge is the necessary prerequisite to wisdom: the knowledge that violence creates the evils it pretends to solve.1. What is the best title for this passage?2.Recorded history has taught us（ ）3.It can be inferred that truly reasonable men（ ）4.“He was none the wiser” means（ ）5.According the author the best way to solve race prejudice is（ ）问题1选项A.Advocating Violence.B.Violence Can Do Nothing to Diminish Race Prejudice.C.Important People on Both Sides See Violence As a Legitimate Solution.D.The Instincts of Human Race Are Thirsty for Violence.问题2选项A.violence never solves anything.B.nothing.C.the bloodshed means nothing.D.everything.问题3选项A.cant get a hearing.B.are looked down upon.C.are persecuted.D.have difficulty in advocating law enforcement.问题4选项A.He was not at all wise in listening.B.He was not at all wiser than nothing before.C.He gains nothing after listening.D.He makes no sense of the argument.问题5选项A.law enforcement.B.knowledge.C.nonviolence.D.mopping up the violent mess.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:D第4题:C第5题:A【解析】1.主旨大意题。文章第一段提出有些国家种族偏见严重，而暴力却是公认的一种解决方法，我们仍然没有认识到，暴力永远不能解决问题，而是使问题更加尖锐。第二段阐述了真正有理智的人在宣扬法制，却遭到轻视和迫害，作者认为真正的解决方案不是暴力，而是法制。第三段进一步说明“交流、对话”是了解双方问题的前提，而暴力制造了它假装要解决的罪恶。整篇文章都在阐述不能依靠暴力手段解决歧视问题。因此B选项“暴力无助于消除种族偏见”最适合作为文章标题。A选项“提倡暴力”，C选项“双方的重要人物都认为暴力是合法的解决方案”，D选项“人类的本能渴望暴力”，因为文章是不宣扬暴力的，所以A，C，D都不适合作为标题。2.客观细节题。由题干关键词“Recorded history”可以定位到文章第一段倒数第四句“The whole of the recorded history of the human race, that tedious documentation of violence, has taught us absolutely nothing.”（整个有记录的人类历史，那冗长乏味的暴力记录，没有教会我们任何东西。），说明人类历史上的暴力记录没有教会我们任何东西。因此B选项“什么也没有”正确。A选项“暴力永远解决不了任何问题”和C选项“流血事件毫无意义”，文中说我们还没有认识到暴力不能解决问题、流血和痛苦毫无意义，所以历史上的暴力记录并没有教会我们这两点，A，C错误。D选项“一切”和nothing是相反的，所以D错误。3.推理判断题。由题干关键词“reasonable men”可以定位到文章第二段第一、二句The truly reasonable men who know where the solutions lie are finding it harder and harder to get a hearing. They are despised, mistrusted and even persecuted by their own kind because they advocate such apparently outrageous things as law enforcement.（真正理智的人知道解决办法在哪里，却发现越来越难得到倾听。他们被鄙视，不信任，甚至被他们的同类迫害，因为他们提倡诸如执法这样明显无法容忍的事情。），说明理智的人倡导法制，却遭到了许多困难。因此D选项“在提倡执法方面遭到困难。”正确。A选项“不被听见”，B选项“被轻视”，C选项“受到迫害”都只是遇到困难的某一个方面，本质上是因为他们提倡执法，所以A，B，C错误。4.语义推测题。由题干可以定位到文章最后一段中Its rather like the story of the famous barrister who painstakingly explained his case to the judge. After listening to a lengthy argument the judge complained that after all this talk, he was none the wiser.（这很像一个著名律师的故事，他煞费苦心地向法官解释他的案子。听了他的长篇辩论，法官抱怨说他并没有因此而变得聪明些。），说明“He was none the wiser”在这里的意思是他听了之后什么也没有得到。因此C选项“听后无所得。”符合题意。A选项“他根本不明智，听不进去”，B选项“他以前一点也不明智”，D选项“他对这场争论毫无意义”都不能表示他听后什么也没有得到的意思，所以A，B，D错误。5.推理判断题。由题干可以定位到文章第二段最后一句Genuine and lasting solutions are always possible, providing we work within the framework of the law.（只要我们在法律框架内工作，真正和持久的解决办法总是可能的。），说明作者认为解决种族歧视的最好方法是法制。因此A选项“法制”正确。B选项“知识”，C选项“非暴力”，D选项“清理暴力的混乱”并不是作者认为解决问题的最好方法，所以B，C，D错误。12. 单选题The planet Venus, like Earth, spins on its own（ ）as it orbits the Sun.问题1选项A.splinterB.indexC.axisD.trace【答案】C【解析】考查名词词义辨析。A选项splinter“碎片”；B选项index“指数”；C选项axis “轴线”；D选项trace“痕迹”。句意：金星和地球一样，绕着太阳公转，也绕着自己的轴心自转。本句表示自转轴。因此C选项正确。13. 单选题Assimilating the report in computing requires much time, for Im not specialized in this field.问题1选项A.DigestingB.IncorporatingC.ImitatingD.Compiling【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。A选项Digesting“消化”；B选项Incorporating“包含”；C选项Imitating“模仿”；D选项Compiling“编辑”。句意：消化这篇计算方面的报告要花很多时间，因为我不是这方面的专家。划线部分Assimilating是消化、吸收的意思。因此A选项正确。14. 单选题We are sorry to inform you that the shipment is not（ ）the standard in the contract.问题1选项A.due toB.according toC.prior toD.up to【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项due to“由于，归功于”，B选项according to “根据按照”，C选项prior to“在.之前，先于”，D选项up to“直到，胜任”。句意：我们很抱歉地通知你方所装运的货物不符合合同规定的标准。D选项符合句意。15. 翻译题在西方，启蒙思想的支撑源于人们对于客观规律的认知，如哥白尼的“日心说”、牛顿的“万有引力”、伽利略的“宇宙论”等，认为整个宇宙中的一切物体都遵守同一定律，进而冲破千年的宗教束缚，将这一一理性思考引入了人类社会，从而开创了一个不断进取的新时代。在中国，几千年的封建农业社会，使得科技落后、法治传统缺乏，只是受到近代西方启蒙思想(包括马克思主义)的影响，才引入了科学、民主、法治的概念，开始与世界文明接轨。【答案】In the west, the enlightenment of the support from the people for the objective laws of cognition, such as Copernicusheliocentric theory , “gravity” of Newton, Galileos “cosmology” etc, think that everything in the universe are subject to the same law, to shake off the yoke of the religion in one thousand will be the one to think rationally the introduction of human society, which opened a new era of continuous improvement. In China, the thousands of years of feudal agricultural society made science and technology backward and the tradition of rule of law lacking. It was only under the influence of modern western enlightenment thoughts (including Marxism) that the concepts of science, democracy and rule of law were introduced and began to connect with the world civilization.16. 翻译题Modern science, particularly physics, is being forced, under pressure of its own advances, to acknowledge that the truths it offers are true not in an absolute but in a poetic sense, that its laws are contingent, that its facts are a kind of metaphor. Of course, art and science are fundamentally different in their methods, and in their ends. The doing of science involves a level of rigor unattainable to art. A scientific hypothesis can be proven or, perhaps more importantly, disproven but a poem, a picture, or a piece of music, cannot. Yet in their origins art and science are remarkably similar.【答案】现代科学，尤其是物理学，在自身进步的压力下，被迫承认它所提供的真理不是绝对的，而是诗意的，它的规律是偶然的，它的事实是一种隐喻。当然，艺术和科学在方法上、在目的上是根本不同的。科学所涉及的严格程度是艺术所无法企及的。一个科学假设可以被证明或者，也许更重要的是，被否定但一首诗、一幅画或一首音乐却不能。然而，艺术和科学在其起源上是非常相似的。17. 单选题There is a standard method（ ）officers are selected for promotion.问题1选项A.wherebyB.thatC.whereD.whereas【答案】B【解析】考查从句。A选项whereby“凭此，借以，由于”，B选项that“那个”，C选项where“哪里”，D选项whereas“然而，尽管”。句意：选拔军官晋升有一个标准的方法。因此, B选项符合句意。18. 单选题I was shocked to find a front-page story that was more（ ）in its nature than it was informative.问题1选项A.sentimentalB.sensitiveC.sensationalD.sensible【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sentimental“伤感的，情感的”，B选项sensitive“敏感的，善解人意的”，C选项sensational“轰动的，耸人听闻的”，D选项sensible“明智的，理智的”。句意：当我发现一篇头版报道在本质上比它提供的信息更敏感时，我感到震惊。因此，A选项符合句意。19. 单选题I waited until he had（ ）before I told him I was leaving and headed for the front door.问题1选项A.handed downB.calmed downC.turned downD.tracked down【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项handed down“把.传给，流传下来”，B选项calmed down“冷静，平静”，C选项turned down“拒绝，调低”，D选项tracked down“追捕，查出”，句意：我一直等到他平静下来，才告诉他我要离开并朝前门走去。因此，B选项符合句意。20. 单选题The Benefits of New Urbanism(1) New urbanism is the most important planning movement in this century, and is about creating a better future for us all. It is an international movement to reform the design of the built environment, and is about raising our quality of life and standard of living by creating better places to live in. New urbanism is the revival of our lost art of place-making, and is essentially a re-ordering of the built environment into the form of complete cities, towns, villages, and neighborhoodsthe way communities have been built for centuries around the world. New urbanism involves fixing and infilling cities, as well as the creation of compact new towns and villages. The benefits of new urbanism are as follows:Benefits to Residents(2) Higher quality of life; better places in which to live, work, and play; more stable property values; less traffic congestion and less driving; healthier lifestyle with more walking and less stress; close proximity to main street retail and services; close proximity to bike trail, parks, and nature; pedestrian friendly communities offer more opportunities to get to know others in the neighborhood and town, resulting in meaningful relationships with more people, and friendlier town; more freedom and independence to children, the elderly, and the poor in being able to get to jobs recreation, and services without the need for a car or someone to drive them; great savings to residents and school boards in reduced busing costs from children being able to walk or bicycle to neighborhood schools; more diversity and smaller, unique shops and services with local owners who are involved in community; big savings by driving less, and owning less cars; less ugly, congested sprawl to deal with daily; better sense of place and community identity with more unique architecture; more open space to enjoy that will remain open space; more efficient use of tax money with less spent on utilities and roads used for the sprawl.Benefits to Businesses(3) Increased sales due to more foot traffic and people spending less on cars and gas; more profits due to spending less on advertising and large signs; better lifestyle by living near work units saves the stressful and costly commute; economies of scale in marketing due to close proximity and cooperation with other local business incubation; lower rents due to smaller spaces and smaller parking lots; healthier lifestyle due to more walking and being near healthier restaurants; more community involvement from being part of community and knowing residents.(4) Benefits to Developers. More income potential from higher density mixed-use projects due to more leasable square footage, more sales per square foot, and higher property values and selling prices; faster approvals in communities that have adopted smart growth principles resulting in cost/time sayings: cost savings in parking facilities in mixed-use properties due to sharing of spaces throughout the day and night, resulting in less duplication in providing parking; less need for parking facilities due to mix of residences and commercial uses within walking distance of each other; less impact on roads/traffic, which can result in lower impact fees; lower cost of utilities due to compact nature of new urbanist design; faster sellout due to greater acceptance by consumers from a wider product range resulting in wider market share.Benefits to Municipalities(5) Stable, appreciating tax base; less spent per capita on infrastructure and utilities than typical suburban development due to compact high-density nature of projects; increased tax base due to more buildings packed into a tighter area; less traffic congestion due to walkability of design; less crime and less money spent on police due to the presence of more people day and night; better overall community image and sense of place; less incentive to sprawl when urban core area is desirable; easy to install transit where its not, and improve it where it is; greater civic involvement of population leading to better governance.(6) The most effective way to implement new urbanism it to plan for it, and write it into zoning and development codes. This directs all future development into this form.(7) Increasingly, regional planning techniques are being used to control and shape growth into compact, high-density, mixed-use neighborhoods, villages, towns, and cities. Planning new train systems (instead of more roads) delivers the best results when designed in harmony with regional land planning known as Transit Oriented Development (TOD). At the same time, the revitalization of urban areas directs and encourages infill development back into city centers.(8) Planning for compact growth, rather than letting it sprawl out, has the potential to greatly increase the quality of the environment. It also prevents congestion problems and the environmental degradation normally associated with growth.(9) There are some obstacles in implementation of new urbanism. The most important obstacle to overcome is the restrictive and incorrect zoning codes currently in force in most municipalities. Current codes do not allow new urbanism to be built, but do allow sprawl.(10) An equally important obstacle is the continuous road building and expansion taking place in every community across America. This encourages more driving and more sprawl which has a domino effect on increasing traffic congestion across the region. Halting road projects and building new train system can help reverse this problematic trend.1. A pedestrian street is a street（ ）.2. According to the passage new urbanism emphasizes（ ）.3.Which of the following can BEST summarize the benefits of new urbanism to residents?4.Which of the following statements is TRUE?5.To preserve the environment, new urbanism lays stress on（ ）.问题1选项A.suitable for bicyclingB.suitable for walkingC.designed for pedalsD.designed for scooters问题2选项A.the expansion of urban areasB.the artistic decoration of newly-built buildingsC.the improvement of the built environmentD.the environmental preservation问题3选项A.Compactness in civic structure, conveniences and economies in life.B.Be