2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷56

2022年考博英语-西南财经大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 单选题All parts of this sewing machine are （ ）so that it is very simple to get replacements for them.问题1选项A.mechanizedB.minimizedC.modernizedD.standardized【答案】D【解析】考查动词辨析。mechanize意为“使机械化”；minimize意为“使最小化，使减少到最低限度”；modernize意为“使现代化”；standardize意为“使标准化，使符合标准（或规格）”。由it is very simple to get replacements（替换很简单）可推测All parts of this sewing machine（缝纫机的所有零部件）应是“标准件”，因此选D。句意：这台缝纫机的所有零件都是标准化的所以很容易就能找到它们的替换件。2. 单选题Global warming is causing more than 300,000 deaths and about $125 billion in economic losses each year, according to a report by the Global Humanitarian Forum, an organization led by Kofi Annan, the former United Nations secretary general.The report, to be released Friday analyzed data and existing studies of health, disaster, population and economics trends. It found that human-influenced climate changes was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition（营养不良）and heat-related health problems.But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions.Along with the deaths, the report said that the lives of 325 million people, primarily in poor countries, were being seriously affected by climate change. It projected that the number would double by 2030.Roger Pielke Jr., a political scientist at the University of Colorado, Boulder, who studies disaster trends, said the Forums report was “a methodological embarrassment” because there was no way to distinguish deaths or economic losses related to human driven global warming amid the much larger losses resulting from the growth in populations and economic development in vulnerable regions. Dr. Pielke said that “climate change is an important problem requiring our utmost attention”. But the report, he said, “will harm the cause for action on both climate change and disasters because it is so deeply flawed（有瑕疵的）”.However, Soren Anderasen, a social scientist at Dahl berg Global Development Partners who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty.In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat trapping gases. More than 90% of the human and economic losses from climate change are occurring in poor countries, according to the report.1.What is the finding of the Global Humanitarian Forum?2.What do we learn about the Forums report from the passage?3.What does Dr. Pielke say about the Forums report?4.What is Soren Andreasens view of the report?5.What does Kofi Annan say should be the focus of the Copenhagen conference?问题1选项A.Global temperatures affect the rate of economic developmentB.Rates of death from illness have risen due to global warmingC.Malnutrition has caused serious health problems in poor countriesD.Economic trends have to do with population and natural disasters问题2选项A.It was challenged by some climate and risk expertsB.It aroused a lot of interest in the scientific circlesC.It was warmly received by environmentalistsD.It cause a big stir in developing countries问题3选项A.Its statistics look embarrassingB.It is invalid in terms of methodologyC.It deserves our closest attentionD.Its conclusion is purposely exaggerated问题4选项A.Its conclusions are based on carefully collected dataB.It is vulnerable to criticism if the statistics are closely examinedC.It will give rise to heated discussions at the Copenhagen conferenceD.Its rough estimates are meant to draw the attention of world leaders问题5选项A.How rich and poor regions can share responsibility in curbing global warmingB.How human and economic losses from climate change can be reducedC.How emissions of heat-trapping gases can be reduced on a global scaleD.How rich countries can better help poor regions reduce climate hazards【答案】第1题:B第2题:A第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:细节事实题。文章第二段提到“受人类影响的环境变化导致了如营养不良及其他与高温相关的问题死亡率升高”(It found that human-influenced climate changes was raising the global death rates from illnesses including malnutrition and heat-related health problems)，选项B“由于全球变暖，死亡率上身”符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第三段提到“在这篇报告发表之前就已经引起了很多气象和风险专家的批判”（But even before its release, the report drew criticism from some experts on climate and risk, who questioned its methods and conclusions），因此选项A“受到一些气象和风险专家的挑战”符合题意。第3题:细节事实题。文章第五段提到皮尔克博士对于报告的看法，他认为这次报告就是一个方法论的尴尬（a methodological embarrassment），随后又解释了原因，由此可知在皮尔克博士看来，这个报告在方法论上是不成立的，选项B符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章第六段提到“很明显报告中的数据是粗略估计的，并且他认为这个报告是针对各国领导人提出的”（who supervised the writing of the report, defended it, saying that it was clear that the numbers were rough estimates. He said the report was aimed at world leaders, who will meet in Copenhagen in December to negotiate a new international climate treaty），选项D“它的粗略估计是为了引起领导人的注意”符合题意。第5题:推理判断题。文章最后一段提到“在新闻发布会上，安南强调需要增加从富裕国家到贫穷国家的资金流动，来帮助减少气候变化给他们造成的伤害”（In a press release describing the report, Mr. Annan stressed the need for the negotiations to focus on increasing the flow of money from rich to poor regions to help reduce their vulnerability to climate hazards, while still curbing the emissions of the heat trapping gases），选项D“富裕国家怎样更好地帮助贫穷国家减少气候带来的危害”符合题意。3. 单选题It was a wonderful occasion which we will （ ）for many years to come.问题1选项A.conceiveB.clutchC.cherishD.contrive【答案】C【解析】考查动词词义辨析。conceive “构思，怀孕，考虑”；clutch “紧握，抓住”；cherish“珍惜”；contrive “设计，发明，图谋”。句意：在未来的很多年里我们都会珍惜这个美好的时刻。选项C符合题意。4. 单选题Although many people view conflict as bad, conflict is sometimes useful （ ）it forces people to test the relative merits of their attitudes and behaviors.问题1选项A.by whichB.to whichC.in thatD.so that【答案】C【解析】考查语法结构。句意：虽然很多人认为冲突是不好的，但有时冲突是有用的，因为它迫使人们审视自己态度和行为的优缺点。by which和to which均引导定语从句；in that引导原因状语从句，表示“因为”；so that引导目的状语从句，表示“以便，所以”。根据句意可知，这里是原因状语从句，所以选项C正确。5. 单选题All the memories of his childhood had （ ）from his mind by the time he was 65.问题1选项A.fadedB.illustratedC.confinedD.concerned【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。fade “褪色，凋谢，逐渐消失”；illustrate “阐明，举例说明”；confine “限制；禁闭”；concern “关系，与有关”，memory “记忆”。句意：在他65岁的时候所有关于童年的记忆都消失了。选项A符合题意。6. 单选题It is difficult to imagine what life would be like without memory. The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory.Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use. It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves, memory is involved when a rat gives up eating grain because he has sniffed (嗅出) something suspicious in the grain pile.Memory exists not only in humans and animals but also in some physical objects and machines. Computers, for example, contain devices for storing data for later use. It is interesting to compare the memory storage capacity of a computer with that of a human being. The instant access memory of large computer may hold up to 100,000 “words”- string of alphabetic or numerical characters- ready for instant use. An average U.S teenager probably recognizes the meaning of about 100,000 words of English. However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight.The use of words is the basis of the advanced problem solving intelligence of human beings. A large part of a persons memory is in terms of words and combinations of words. But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity. It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals.1.Which of the following is TRUE about memory?2.According to the passage, memory is helpful in ones life in the following aspects EXCEPT that （ ）.3.What is the authors view about computers and human beings in terms of intelligence?4.What is the major characteristic of mans memory capacity according to the author?5.Human beings make themselves different from other animals by（ ）.问题1选项A.It helps us perceive things happening around us every dayB.It is based on the decisions we made in the pastC.It is rooted in our past habits and skillsD.It connects our past experiences with the present问题2选项A.it involves a change in ones behaviorB.it keeps information for later useC.it warns people not to do things repeatedlyD.it enables one to remember events that happened in the past问题3选项A.Computers have better memory than a child doesB.Computers are as intelligent as a teenager isC.Computers can understand as many as 100,000 wordsD.Human beings are far superior to computers问题4选项A.It can be expanded by languageB.It can remember all the combined wordsC.It may keep all the information in the pastD.It may change what has been stored in it问题5选项A.having the ability to perceive dangerB.having a far greater memory capacityC.having the ability to recognize faces and places on sightD.having the ability to draw on past experiences【答案】第1题:D第2题:C第3题:D第4题:A第5题:B【解析】第1题:推理判断题。文章第一段第二句话提到“大量日常认知的意义、我们做决定的依据和我们的习惯和技能的根源都是我们过去的经历，这些都是被记忆带到现在来的”（The meanings of thousands of everyday perceptions, the basis for the decisions we make, and the roots of our habits and skills are to be found in our past experiences, which are brought into the present by memory），由此可知，记忆能够将过去与现在联系起来，因此选项D符合题意。第2题:细节事实题。文章第二段第二句话提到“记忆不仅仅是记住算数和历史事实这类事情，还包括动物典型行为的改变”（It not only includes “remembering” things like arithmetic or historical facts, but also involves any change in the way an animal typically behaves），可知选项A“它涉及行为的改变”是正确的，排除；文章第二段第一句话提到“记忆被定义为是一种将信息保存留待以后使用的能力”（Memory can be defined as the capacity to keep information available for later use），由此可知选项B正确，排除；文章第一段提到了依靠记忆，可以把过去的经验与现在联系起来，选项D“记住过去发生的事情”正确，排除。因此，选项C符合题意。第3题:推理判断题。文章第三段讲述了计算机强大的存储功能。计算机跟青少年都能记忆十万左右的英语单词，但是单词只是人类记忆中很小的一部分，人类还能记忆很多其他的内容，比如，能一眼就分辨出不同的人脸和地方（However, this is but a fraction of the total amount of information that the teenager has stored. Consider, for example, the number of faces and places that the teenager can recognize on sight），可知人类比电脑要强，因此选项D符合题意。第4题:细节事实题。文章最后一段提到“当语言极大的扩大人能够记住的事情和事情最重要的部分的能力时，这需要有巨大的记忆存储量”（But while language greatly expands the number and the king of things a person can remember, it also requires a huge memory capacity），因此选项A“能够扩大存储量”符合题意。第5题:细节事实题。文章最后一句话提到“可能就是这种记忆存储量将人类与其他动物区分开来”（It may well be this capacity that distinguishes humans, setting them apart from other animals），因此选项B符合题意。7. 单选题Millions of Americans take large amounts of vitamin C pills every day because they believe the vitamin will help them stay healthy. However, a new study says vitamin C may help produce substances that can damage DNA. Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania experimented with vitamin C in test tubes. They studied the effects of vitamin C on a substance produced in the body from fat. That substance is called hydro-peroxide（过氧化氢物）, which can be changed in a cell into substances that can damage DNA. The scientists found that vitamin C easily changed the hydro-peroxide into the gene-damaging poisons. Such damage is the first step toward developing cancer.However, the scientists say the study does not mean that vitamin C causes cancer. They say it is well-known that vitamin C is important for human health, but people can get enough vitamin C in the foods they eat. Earlier studies have shown that eating a lot of fruits, vegetables and grains can reduce the chance of developing both heart disease and cancer.Other researchers agree that the latest study is important in understanding the chemistry of vitamin C. But they say the study did not involve people. The vitamin C was tested in the laboratory only. They think the results might be different in living cells.Mark Levine is a vitamin C expert who questions whether a similar study in people would produce the same results. He also says people should get their vitamin C in food instead of taking huge amounts in pills to stay healthy, and research does not support taking a lot of vitamin C.The United States government says people should get about eighty milligrams of vitamin C each day in the foods they eat. Studies have shown that the body cannot use more than two hundred milligrams of vitamin C each day. Medical researchers say that taking vitamin C pills cannot replace the value of eating healthy foods.1.What does this passage mainly discuss?2.Which one is Not true about the effect of VC according to the passage?3.What does the author imply when he mentions “living cells” in Paragraph 3?4.Which of the following is not true about the scientists research?5.Taking a lot of VC （ ）.问题1选项A.Taking a large amount of VC will do good to health.B.Taking too much VC pills every day is not good for health.C.People should take as much VC as possible.D.It is not necessary at all to take VC pills.问题2选项A.It is important for human healthB.It may help produce substances that can damage DNAC.It causes cancerD.VC in foods can reduce the chance of developing heart disease and cancer问题3选项A.The research has involved living creatures.B.The results from the lab test might not always be reliable.C.If it is tested in living body the results will be the same.D.The chemistry of VC is living.问题4选项A.The scientists experimented with VC in test tubes.B.The research didnt involve people.C.VC was tested in the lab only.D.Mark Levine did the experiment involving people.问题5选项A.is supported by VC expertB.is encouraged by the U.S. governmentC.is agreed by medical researchersD.is disapproved by many scientists【答案】第1题:B第2题:D第3题:B第4题:D第5题:D【解析】第1题:主旨大意题。根据第一段的内容可知，美国人每天服用大量的维生素C药片，一项新的研究表明维生素C会产生破坏DNA的物质。由此可知，不能大量的摄入维生素C，所以选项A和C错误；再根据第二段第二句“ it is well-known that vitamin C is important for human health.”众所周知，维生素C对人体健康很重要，所以不摄入维生素C也是不行的，选项D错误；只有选项B正确。所以本题选B。第2题:细节事实题。根据第二段第一句“the scientists say the study does not mean that vitamin C causes cancer.”科学家说，这项研究并不意味着维生素C会导致癌症。所以选项C不属于维生素C的效果。根据上一题可知选项A和B均正确；根据第二段最后一句“eating a lot of fruits, vegetables and grains can reduce the chance of developing both heart disease and cancer.”可知选项D也表述正确。第3题:判断推理题。根据关键词“living cells”定位到第三段最后一句，结合上下文的句意：“但是他们（研究人员）说这项研究并没有涉及人。维生素A只是在实验室里进行测试，如果在活细胞中实验的话结果可能会不同。”由此可推断，作者是想暗示实验的结果并不总是可靠的。所以选项B正确。选项A和C均不符合原文；选项D在文中没有提及。第4题:细节事实题。根据第一段第三句“Scientists at the University of Pennsylvania experimented with vitamin C in test tubes.”可知选项A正确；根据第三段最后两句“The vitamin C was tested in the laboratory only. They think the results might be different in living cells.”可知选项B和C均正确；根据第四段第一句“Mark Levine is a vitamin C expert who questions whether a similar study in people would produce the same results.”Mark Levine是质疑在人体上进行类似的研究是否会产生相同的结果，而不是做了涉及人体的实验，所以只有选项D不正确。第5题:细节事实题。根据倒数第二段最后一句“research does not support taking a lot of vitamin C.”研究不支持人们服用大量维生素C。选项中“support，encourage，agree”都表示肯定，同意的意思，只有选项D中的“disapprove”属于不赞成，不同意，所以选项D为正确答案。8. 单选题Susan has （ ）the elbows of her sons jacket with leather patches to make it more durable.问题1选项A.reinforcedB.sustainedC.steadiedD.confirmed【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。reinforce “加固，加强”；sustain “维持，忍受”；steady “稳固，使坚定”；confirm “确认，确定”。句意：苏珊用皮革补丁将她儿子的肘部进行加固，使它更耐用。选项A符合题意。9. 单选题Some felt that they were hurrying into an epoch of unprecedented enlightenment, in which better education and beneficial technology would （ ）wealth and leisure for all.问题1选项A.ensureB.maintainC.certifyD.console【答案】A【解析】考查动词词义辨析。ensure “保证，确保，使安全”；maintain “维持”；certify “证明，保证”；console “安慰，慰藉”。句意：一些人认为他们正匆忙进入一个空前教化的时代，在这里更好的教育、更有利的科技可以确保人们健康和有足够的休闲时间。选项A符合题意。10. 单选题In order to strengthen his arguments, Toffler （ ）respectable social scientists who agree with him.问题1选项A.recitesB.confirmsC.quotesD.convinces【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。recite意为“背诵，朗诵，列举”；confirm意为“确认，批准，证实”；quote意为“引述，引用”；convince意为“使相信，说服，使承认”。句意：为了加强他的论点，托夫勒引用了同意他观点的受人尊敬的社会科学家的话。11. 单选题Take the case of public education alone. The principal difficulty faced by the schools has been the tremendous increase in the number of pupils. This has been caused by the advance of the legal age for going into industry and the impossibility of finding a job even when the legal age has been reached. In view of the technological improvements in the last few years, business will require in the future proportionately fewer workers than ever before. The result will be still further raising of the legal age for going into employment, and still further difficulty in finding employment when that age has been attained. If we cannot put our children to work, we must put them in school.We may also be quite confident that the present trend toward a shorter day and a shorter week will be maintained. We have developed and shall continue to have a new leisure class. Already the public agencies for adult education are swamped by the tide that has swept over them since the depression began. They will be little better off when it is over. Their support must come from the taxpayer.It is surely too much to hope that these increases in the cost of public education can be borne by the local communities. They cannot care for the present restricted and inadequate system. The local communities have failed in their efforts to cope with unemployment. They cannot expect to cope with public education on the scale on which we must attempt it. The answer to the problem of unemployment has been Federal relief. The answer to the problem of public education may have to be much the same, and properly so. If there is one thing in which the citizens of all parts of the country have an interest, it is in the decent education of the citizens of all parts of the country. Our income tax now goes in part to keep our neighbors alive. It may have to go in part as well to make our neighbors intelligent. We are now attempting to preserve the present generation through Federal relief of the destitute（贫民）.Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require.1.What is the passage mainly about?2.What is the reason for the increase in the number of students?3.The public agencies for adult education will be little better off because （ ）.4.According to the author, the answer to the problem of public education is that the Federal government（ ）.5.Why does the author say “Only a people determined to ruin the next generation will refuse such Federal funds as public education may require” (Lines 11-13, Para. 3)（ ）.问题1选项A.How to persuade local communities to provide more funds.B.How to cope with the shortage of funds for public education.C.How to improve the public education system.D.How to solve the rising unemployment problem.问题2选项A.The requirement of educated workers by business.B.The trend toward a shorter workday.C.Raising of the legal age for going to work.D.People