北京语言大学21秋《汉语写作》在线作业二答案参考58

北京语言大学21秋汉语写作在线作业二答案参考1. 不是构思主要特征的是( )。A.唯一性B.断要断得有理续要续得自然C.艰苦性D.复杂性参考答案：A2. There_a big table and a great many chairs in the room.AisBareCwereDhave beenThere_a big table and a great many chairs in the room.AisBareCwereDhave been正确答案：A3. Terry would certainly have attended the meeting _. A) if he didn&39;t get a flat tire B) ifTerry would certainly have attended the meeting _.A) if he didnt get a flat tireB) if he had not had a flat tireC) if the flat tire didnt happenD) if the tire did not flattenB主句中谓语动词用了would+have+attended，由此可以推断出是表示过去情况的虚拟条件句，故从句中谓语动词形式为过去完成式。4. 下边哪种不是常用的修改方法?( )A.冷改法B.文章做法全集C.诵改法D.通改法参考答案：D5. 下列有关应用文的语言表达不正确的是( )。A.准确规范明晰B.时效性C.不能使用模糊语言D.在表达方式上，以叙述、说明为主参考答案：C6. His work was _ than that of any other man in the school. A) by far better B) better by farHis work was _ than that of any other man in the school.A) by far betterB) better by farC) by far the best D) the best by farBthan前应用比较级形式，因此C，D选项排除；当by far修饰形容词强调数量或程度时，它须放在比较级之后，意为“得多”；但当by far比较级前面有冠词时，可以放在比较级前。如：This is by far the better of the two. 两者之中，这一个好得多。7. 关于行文断续的要求不正确的说法是( )。A.断要当断则断，续要当续则续B.注意文采的绚丽华美C.断要告一暂歇，续要承前启后D.断要不觉突兀，续要有所准备参考答案：A8. 选择多数人关心、寻求“答案”的题材，这是写好科普说明文的前提。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A9. We confirm supply of 1000 pairs of the shoes _ the prices stated _ your Order No888 and wWe confirm supply of 1000 pairs of the shoes _ the prices stated _ your Order No888 and will allow a 5% special discount _ your order worth 5000 or above.at, in, on10. 在电视广告文案中，广告文案的( )常常省略。A.标题B.广告须由作者负责调节C.广告语D.随文参考答案：A11. The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.The result of invention of steam engine was that human power was replaced by mechanical power.蒸汽机发明的结果是机械力代替了人力。12. Nuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _ harm them. A) more than B) rathNuclear science should be developed to benefit the people _ harm them.A) more thanB) rather thanC) other thanD) better thanBrather than“而不是”；more than“比更多”；other than“不同于，除了”；better than“比好”。句意：“发展核学应该造福人类，而不是危害人类。”13. 为了丰富同学们的生活，校学生会将举办一次英语歌曲演唱比赛。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。为了丰富同学们的生活，校学生会将举办一次英语歌曲演唱比赛。请你以组织者的身份写一个书面通知。有关内容如下： (1)时间：5月第一周。 (2)活动：演唱流行歌曲；听歌曲，猜出处。 (3)地点：学校大会议室。 (4)参加者请与4月25日前报名，前十名优胜者获奖。 写作要求： (1)可以适当增加细节； (2)词数100个左右。正确答案：NoticernDear studentsrn The Students Union has decided to organize an English song contest. It will be held in the first week of May in the meeting room. The activities include singing pop songs and music contest. The students taking part in the contest will listen to part of a song or a piece of music and then guess where it comes from. If youd like to take part in the activity please come and sign up for it before A-pril 25th. The first ten winners will be given rewards. All are welcome to join in the contest.rn Students Union rn April 15 2011NoticeDearstudents,TheStudentsUnionhasdecidedtoorganizeanEnglishsongcontest.ItwillbeheldinthefirstweekofMayinthemeetingroom.Theactivitiesincludesingingpopsongsandmusiccontest.Thestudentstakingpartinthecontestwilllistentopartofasongorapieceofmusic,andthenguesswhereitcomesfrom.Ifyoudliketotakepartintheactivity,pleasecomeandsignupforitbeforeA-pril25th.Thefirsttenwinnerswillbegivenrewards.Allarewelcometojoininthecontest.StudentsUnionApril15,201114. 英语教学中如何科学、合理地设置课堂教学目标?参考答案：教学目标制定的原则是以学生为主体。学生是整个教学活动的主体，忽视学生的存在，教学就失去了意义。教学目标制定应围绕学生的学习来进行，为了学生的发展是出发点，考虑学生的实际需要是根本，学生的原有水平和最近发展区是依据。第一个依据是英语课程目标。即国家教委统一规定的以文件的形式颁布的教育目标。这是由英语学科的性质决定的，是社会发展、学生的自身发展需要赋予英语学科的神圣使命。实现这一目标，学生需在英语知识、能力、学习方法习惯、智力、思维品质等五个方面有发展，因此学习目标主要包括五个方面的内容：知识目标、能力目标、方法习惯目标、智力目标、思想品质目标等。这些目标的实现不能一蹴而就，它需要通过英语教学一步一步走向课程目标，这之间还需要一个循环往复的过程，需将目标分解成不同阶段更为具体的阶段目标，如学期目标、专题目标、课堂目标。第二个依据是学情。教师要制定的目标是学生本阶段的英语学习要达到的英语认知结构方面的变化，学生原有的认知结构以及学生在认知结构上可能发生的变化是目标制定的依据，因此教师充分了解学生，了解学生的需要、原有能力水平、原有知识储备、最近发展区等要素，在此基础上制定出合理切实可行的教学目标。只有符合学情的目标才是科学的目标。加涅说，学习需要条件，教学设计就是为了学而设计的。第三个依据是学生英语能力培养的科学途径。根据英语课程目标的要求，通过英语学习，学生应在知识、能力、智力、思想品质和方法习惯等方面有发展，而实际上，作为英语课程，学生英语应用能力的提高才是其根本任务，是其他课程所不能代替的。15. 下面哪些不是行政公文?( )A.公告B.戏剧语言C.通知D.通报参考答案：B16. 札记古已有之，古代小木片为札，把随感文字书之于上，就是札记，盛行于唐代。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A17. In all newspapers there are different comments _ the 2008 Olympic Games. Afor BaboutIn all newspapers there are different comments _ the 2008 Olympic Games.AforBaboutCinDonD18. ( )是最高的语言艺术，被称为“精致的讲话”。A.散文B.叙事式C.诗歌D.戏剧参考答案：C19. A.inB.onC.atD.withA.inB.onC.atD.with正确答案：A20. 作者在提炼主题时，不需要深入把握材料的特殊性质，寻找其深广的思想或情感内涵。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A21. He is _ university student and he is _ honest person Aa/an Ban/a Can/an Da/aHe is _ university student and he is _ honest personAa/anBan/aCan/an Da/aA用a还是an主要看单词开头的音标，而不是字母。22. 文章选取新的切入角度，常常会带来新的视野，开掘出新的主题内涵。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B23. 狭义散文是( )才有的说法。A.古代B.向外的抒情文体C.五四D.当代参考答案：D24. 文体从语言风格的角度来分，有( )。A.政论文体B.文艺文体C.科学文体D.公文事务文体参考答案：ABCD25. She wanted to know _ child it was on the grass. A) that B) whose C) what D) whomShe wanted to know _ child it was on the grass.A) thatB) whoseC) whatD) whomB这里需填一个引导定语从句的词，并且在从句中要作child的定语，因此只有whose符合。26. 文章结构包括几组基本要素和概念处在同一层面上。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A27. “自我性”是散文审美表现的重心。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A28. 王力古代汉语我国古代的车马中，在介绍古代马车时，就把它分解为车厢、车轮、车轴、轫、辕等几个部分进行说明。用的是比较说明。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：A29. 组成电影剧作的基本单位称作蒙太奇句子。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A30. 鲁迅的一件小事采用的叙述方式是( )。A.顺叙B.材料C.插叙D.平叙参考答案：A31. 如果说一般的发言稿，各种会议上所致的开幕词、闭幕词、贺词等是规范的应用文体的话，那么演讲稿应该是介于议论文体与应用文体之间的一种较为特殊的文体样式。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B32. 远焦叙述主要有哪两种类型?( )A.长镜头为主B.为读者和社会负责C.间离法以变焦D.高视点以变焦参考答案：CD33. 以下属于审美类文体的是( )。A.诗歌B.散文C.小说D.戏剧参考答案：ABCD34. I think it is important to think 12 we use mobile phones.A.reasonB.thatC.whenD.whyI think it is important to think 12 we use mobile phones.A.reasonB.thatC.whenD.why正确答案：D此处应用表示原因的连词，后面引导从句，作think的宾语。想想为什么要用手机是很重要的。35. Bill of Exchange The majority of international payments are made by way of bills of exchange eitheBill of ExchangeThe majority of international payments are made by way of bills of exchange either with or without a documentary credit. There are five parties to a bill of exchange : drawer, drawee, payee, acceptor and endorser.The drawer is the person who draws the bill and the drawee is the person( or firm) on whom the bill is drawn. The payee is the person or firm to whom the bill is payable and it is most frequently the drawer. The acceptor is the person who undertakes to pay the bill by writing his acceptance across the face of the bill. An acceptance is a legal undertaking to pay the amount of the bill. An endorser is a person who endorses a bill by signing his name on it(usually on the back).A bill is negotiated when it is transferred from one person to another in such a way as toconstitute the transferee , the holder of the bill. A bearer bill is one that can be passed on by mere delivery. It is one that has been made out X days after date pay the bearer,etc. or one made out to a fictitious payee , or one which has been endorsed in blank,i. e. the last endorser has not given any instructions but merely signed his name. A bearer bill does not need to be endorsed by those who negotiate it , but to some extent it is less reliable than a bill with many endorsements. Bills which are not bearer bills are negotiated by endorsement and delivery. Those endorsing a bill as agents or representatives of a company can make this clear so that they are not personally liable.When a bill is presented for acceptance, the drawee should accept it, if he refuses to do so, claiming perhaps that he has not authorized the bill to be drawn and knows nothing about it, the bill is dishonored by non-acceptance. If a bill is presented for payment on the due date,and the acceptor refuses to pay it,then the bill is dishonored by non-payment. It is now necessary for the holder to take certain action to protect himself. He must give notice of dishonor to the drawer and all other endorsers of the bill. In practice he usuaUy gives notice of the dishonor to the person from whom he obtained the bill , whogives notice to the person from whom he obtained it and the bill moves backwards towards the drawer. The process could be short-circuited if certain of the endorsers were famous names, for example accepting houses, whocouldeasily beapproacheddirectly to honor the bill. Eventually the drawer must honor it, and he will bring an action against the acceptor. If it is a foreign bill, he must protest the bill, to safeguard his rights against the drawer and endorsers. There are two ways of obtaining formal evidence of the dishonor of the bill. The first is called notingthe bill. The holder asks a notary public to re-present the bill. This official,when refused either acceptance or payment as the case may be,then writes on the face of the bill that it was dishonored. The noteconstitutes formal evidence of dishonor , so it is necessary to use the bill as evidence in court. With foreign bills a more formal process called protesting , is carried out. The notary public re-presents the bill, and if it is dishonored he draws up a formal certificate of dishonor,the protest. The protest must contain a copy of the boill,and be signed by the notary making it. It must then specify the person at whose request the bill is being protested, the place and date of protest, the cause or reason for protesting the bill,the demand made and the answer given, or the fact that the drawee or acceptor could not be found. Protest will usually be done on the day of dishonor,but if there is good reason why this is not possible, it must be done with reasonable diligence after the delay has occurred. This might arise where the bill was presented by post and returned dishonored by post.The legal consequences of dishonor may be listed as follows :(a) The protesting of a foreign bill secures the position of the holder against all previous endorsers and the drawer. They become liable to compensate the holder for the loss he has suffered.(b)ln practice the holder will turn to the person from whom he obtained the bill and will be put in funds by that person. That person then tums to his endorser and so on.It might appear that a break in the chain could develop in the case of a bearer bill, because the bill is transferred by mere delivery and the transferor by delivery does not put his name on the bill. Although a person who transfers by delivery is not liable on the bill to the whole world , he is liable to his immediate transferee , because he warrants that the bill is what is purports to be , that he has right to transfer it , and that at the time of transferring it he knew of no fact rendering it valueless.(c) Eventually the bill reaches the drawer who honors it and turns to the acceptor. They may agree to renew the bill with suitable arrangements on interest if the acceptors difficulties are purely temporary. If this is not agreeable, the drawer may begin an action which will end in judgment for the drawer, possibly in distraint on the assets of the acceptor,or even in his bankruptcy.Sometimes bills are clausedwith phrases which require the drawee to pay more than the actual value of the bill. There are three chief reasons why these were introduced over the years. First , the aim was to throw the burden of any exchange risk on to the foreign drawee. Second,it was to enable the drawer to provide for the payment of interest by the drawee,in order to compensate the drawer for the time taken for the drawees payment to reach him. Third, a clause was often helpful in permitting the banker to act as an arbiter in deciding what rate of exchange to use when the drawee paid in local currency.When the exporters and importers have been trading with one another for some time and have built up a satisfactory trading relationship, they may decide to dispense with documentary credits and rely solely on documentary bills as a means of payment. This means that the exporter will ship his goods and attach the documents relating to the consignment to the bill of exchange, which he draws on the importer. The bill and documents are then sent through the exporters bank to the importers bank (or another bank in the importers country) for acceptance and/or payment. If they decide to trade on the basis of a clean bill of exchange then, the exporter will send the documents directly to the importer. The exporter loses control over the documents once he has parted with them and must rely upon the good faith of the importer for ultimate acceptance and payment of the bill.A bill of exchange is a useful device not only as a means of settlement but also,if it is a usance bill as a means of obtaining credit. An exporter, having drawn a usance bill on his buyer,may obtain funds immediately by negotiating the bill or by borrowing from his bank against the bill that is sent for collection. The importer has the usance of the bill as a period of credit and may be able to resell the goods and obtain the proceeds before the maturity date of the bill. The bill is also useful as evidence of a debt , which can be used in a court of law.When a biU of exchange is drawn under a documentary credit the drawer is assured of acceptance and payment by the issuing bank provided that he has fulfilled all the terms and conditions of the credit. No such assurance exists without a documentary credit, however , and therefore not to trade on a documentary bill basis is much more risky from the point of view of the exporter. Nevertheless, as the documents are channeled through the banking system with instructions that they should be handed over to the importer only against acceptance or payment of the bill, the system obviously does offer more protection than trading on the basis of clean bills of exchange.If the exporter asks his bank to collect a documentary bill on his behalf, he instructs the bank to release the documents against acceptance of the bill, the bill is known as a D/ A bill. If the documents are to be released only against payment the bill is a D/P bill. While a sight bill is drawn the documents will be handed over only against payment, but for the majority of usance bills the instruction to the bank is to release the documents against acceptanceof thebill. Insomecountries, particularlyintheFar East, the documents may not be handed over until payment, even if the exporter wishes them to be released against acceptance. This encourages the importer to pay the bill before maturity. In some countries, it is possible for the importer legally to demand the documents upon acceptance of the bill, even though the exporters instructions are for documents against payment. The drawee of a bill is entitled to inspect the documents. If the bill is a D/P bill, the drawee is usually allowed to respect them at the bank.The process of discounting a foreign bill of exchange is called negotiation. The procedure is similar to that of discounting a domestic bill,in that the banker buys the bill and hands over the face value of it less discount,but there are some differences. Unlike a domestic bill,the bill will probably not have been accepted and may be either a sight bill or a usance bill. Indeed there may not be a bill at all as the documents may be negotiated on their own ones. When a bank negotiates a bill,it in effect buys it and then sends it for collection in its own right. However, it usually requires the exporter to sign a form undertaking to recompense the bank in the event of the bill being unpaid.The amount of interest charged by a bank on a negotiation is calculated on the period between the date of negotiation and the date on which the bank receives the proceeds , and will include the time in getting the bill presented for acceptance , for it is only then that the usance of most bills begins to become effective.Another expense that will be deducted by the negotiating bank will be the postal charges andstamp duty ,if any, plusa commission.Questions for reading :There are five parties to a bill of exchange: drawer, drawee, payee, acceptor and endorser.$A bearer bill is one that can be passed on by mere delivery.$When a bill is presented for acceptance, if the drawee refuses to accept it, the bill is dishonored by non-acceptance. If a bill is presented for payment on the due date, and the acceptor refuses to pay it, then the bill is dishonored by non-payment.$He must give notice of dishonor to the drawer and all other endorsers of the bill. If it is a foreign bill, he must protest the bill, to safeguard his rights against the drawer and endorsers.$The protesting of a foreign bill secures the position of the holder against all previous endorsers and the drawer. They become liable to compensate the holder for the loss he has suffered. In practice the holder will turn to the person from whom he obtained the bill and will be put in funds by that person. That person then turns to his endorser and so on.$A bill of exchange is a useful device not only as a means of settlement but also, if it is a usance bill as a means of obtaining credit. The bill is also useful as evidence of a debt, which can be used in a court of law.36. Xi an is only a 5hour journey_ Beijing by the express train. A. awayXi an is only a 5-hour journey_ Beijing by the express train.A. awayB. inC. from参考答案C37. 可从两门学科的交界处即边缘学科寻找毕业论文的选题突破口。( )A.正确B.错误参考答案：A38. Would you like to have a try once again? _. A) Yes, I like B) No, I don&39;t likWould you like to have a try once again?_.A) Yes, I likeB) No, I dont like itC) Yes, I want very muchD) Yes, Id like toDwould like to后的内容承前省略，只保留不定式等号to。39. AineffectiveBincompetentCinefficientDinsufficientAineffectiveBincompetentCinefficientDinsufficient正确答案：C解析：上下文理解题。incompetent不可选，下文说到如有必要大脑可以启动(trigger)新的接收器，所以并非“不胜任”，而是“inefficient效率低”；incompetent all the time“所有时间工作都不能胜任”，所以不能选；inefficient all the time正确。40. 没有创新性的文章不成其为科研论文，“创造性”是教学论文的价值所在。( )A.错误B.正确参考答案：B41. You are likely to be attacked if you _.Akeep after a flying targetBhit a flying sauYou are likely to be attacked if you _.Akeep after a flying targetBhit a flying saucerCfire straight at a missleDkeep chasing the enemys tanks正确答案：A42. 小麦用新麻袋包装，每袋装100公斤，袋重1.5公斤。小麦用新麻袋包装，每袋装100公斤，袋重1.5公斤。The wheat is to be packed in new gunny bags of 100 kg and each bag weighs about 1.5 kg.43. By about A. D. 500 the Mound Builder culture was declining, perhaps because of attacks froBy about A. D. 500 the Mound Builder culture was declining, perhaps because of attacks from other tribes or perhaps because of severe climatic changes that undermined agriculture. To the west another culture, based on intensive agriculture, was beginning to flourish. Its center was beneath present day St. Louis, and it radiated out to enclose most of the Mississippi watershed, from Wisconsin to Louisiana and Oklahoma to Tennessee. Thousands of villages were included in its orbit. By about A. D. 700 this Mississippian culture, as it is known to archaeologists, began to send its influence eastward to transform.