水射流教学课件英文版：Ch. 1Introduction to WJT

1Water Jet Technology -Fundamentals and Applications32 Hours The course for graduate, undergraduate students and senior engineers majored in Petroleum Engineering, Mechanical ENGG. and other Mining EngineeringWhat do U think about a selective course?2High-Pressure Water Jet Research Center石油工程学院石油工程学院 高压水射流研究中心高压水射流研究中心 3Why Should We Learn This Subject ? Because it is closely concerned to petroleum ENG. In oil well drilling, we use water jet; In oil production, we use water jet; In our daily life, we also make use of WJ. But these are not enough, we have additional reasons to learn this subject: WJT has now been and so developed that it has created a large independent industrial sector aimed for cleaning and cutting, such as cleaning in chemical industry, rock breaking in mining and road building, cutting in machining. In recent years, WJT got ever increasing new applications in petroleum ENG, such as hole drilling in oil formation, cleaning of perforated holes to recover oil production, etc. 4Objectives of the Course1) To provide the fundamental mechanics and principles in water jet technology 2) To give some insight into the power of WJ through instances of application3) To be acquainted with current development of WJT 4) To create a kind of environment for students to speak English, and provide a working vocabulary in the area of WJT 5Materials and DictionariesnAcademic backgroundnAfter learning of nText book: Fluid Jet TechnologyFundamentals and ApplicationsnReference material:n水射流技术与应用，沈忠厚等水射流技术与应用，沈忠厚等nOn associated web sites nLongman dictionary of contemporary English nAn English-Chinese dictionary of technology6The Methodology1. Attending class, take notes and pay more attention to main theory, principles, etc. 2. Reading text book and study new words appeared in the text 3. Making oral presentations in class - to get 20 points 4. Do home works (20 points for total 4 times)5. Final test (60 points)7 The Time ScheduleLect.ContentsHours1Introduction to Fluid Jet Technology 32Fluid Mechanics of Jet System43Advanced jet technology64Mechanism of WJ Cutting - Infl.of Basic Jet Parameters 45Abrasive Water Jets 56Applications in oil well drilling Engineering47Applications in Petroleum Engineering48Discussions and review 29Final test8Ch. 1 Introduction to WJTROAD MAP FOR CHAPTER 1:1 WJ Technology and its Basic Components2 Historical Development3 Water Jet Classifications 4 Features of WJT5 Environmental Impact andPretreatment of Water6 Examples of Application7 ReviewFor 34 hours91. WJT and Basic Components in WJS1.1 Definition of a Jet:A kind of fluid flow ejected from an orifice, a kerf or a nozzle to a larger space.A high-velocity fluid stream forced under pressure out of a small-diameter opening or nozzle Can anyone give us some examples of jet in daily life?101. WJT and Basic Components in WJS1.2 Definition of Water jet Technology WJT is a growing technology branch regarding water jet cutting,cleaning and mining etc, and it covers a considerable community of knowledge concerning (1) the generation of high pressure water, (2) the production of desired jet, and (3) improvement of work efficiency and safety, and so forth.111. WJT and Basic Components in WJS1.3 A Water Jet System generally consists of pumps or intensifier, pipe and joints, control valves, jet nozzles/gun, and other assistant and control parts such as movement system, a catcher and a table, and safeguard etc. System Design that includes calculation of Pr and Qfr, nozzle selection, the selection of pipeline, joints and valves etc, ensures a WJS to work safely and efficiently. 12(1) Pump-2 types of pumpsTriplex plunger pump, motor or diesel driven, for P 100Hydraulic miningMedium35-7038-150Plunger pumpsTube cleaning, mining applicationsHigh70-14010-120Plunger pumps, IntensifiersTube cleaning, cutting, mining applicationsVery High140-4204-10IntensifiersIndustrial Cutting & MachiningUltra-High 42040-70Water cannonMine breaking3.1 On Pressure Level263.2 On Jet Flow BehaviornContinuous jetnpulsed jetnCavitating jetCannon jetSwirling jetContinuous jetABC273.3 On Surrounding FluidnSubmerged jetnNon-submerged jet3.4 On Jet Hydrodynamic Property nSteady jet nUnsteady jetCorresponding timeno variationchanging283.5 On Jet Confinement ConditionnFree jet nNon-free jet3.6 On Nature of Jet FluidnWater-onlynSuper-water jetnAbrasive water jetnAbrasive suspension jet294 Features of Water Jets Advantages of Water Jetsn Easily available and low cost watern Cooling, lubricating, ashless, dustless, No hazardous materials and heat effect and fire hazardsn Selective cutting with adjustable pressure30n Light and portable and with easily adjustable P-Q factorsn Increased cutting efficiency over conventional methods for some materialsn Multiple layer cutting capability, and wide scope of materials cut with minimum system changes4 Features of Water Jets31n Low reaction/target forces , then being easily integrated with automation equipment, n Non-contacting and then no dulling of the cutter4 Features of Water Jets32n Remote control, and the ability to operate in a hazardous environmentn Cutting medium can be added in with many kinds of materials.4 Features of Water Jets33Disadvantages:nHigh initial capital cost $100,000nHigh power requirement from tens to hundreds of kilowatts nEnvironmental effectsnWater treatment4 Features of Water Jets34Post treatment Principles: 1) according to environmental requirements 2) based on the nature of the applicationnEnvironmental impacts exist in water jet mining or cleaning in open air, in which a large amount of water up to 420 gpm could be consumed with a Dn over 10cm. nWJ Offers environmental advantages over sandblasting machining and cleaningn Refer to Fig.6.1 on p6.6 5 Environmental Impact and Pretreatment of water35 Pretreatment of WaternPurpose: Elimination of dissolved solid or harmful substances to insure long nozzle lifenMethods:nPrecipitation: by gravitationnMechanical filtration with filters or by centrifugal effectnWater softening with additivesnDeionizationnOsmosis 36 Standard for Pretreatment of WaterSubstance allowable concentration (mg/l) Silica 1.0 Calcium 0.5 Magnesium 0.5Iron 0.1Manganese 0.1Chloride 5.0Nitrate 25.0Sulfate 25.0 Carbide dioxide 0.0-Ph (potential of hydrogen) 6.8 7.5Specific conductivity 50 micro- 20,000 mhos-cm 376 Application examples nIndustrial cutting and machiningnMining and drilling nRock cutting and breaking nCleaning38Fish or Meet Cutting with a water jet at pressure of 35-70 MPaMinimal waste;And no conta-mination to the meat39 Cutting of Board(s) Pressure:140-300 MpaFlow rate:1-2 gpmCutting nozzle are generally made of artificial crystal,most typically sapphire or rubyJet diameter is normally 0.1-0.3 mmqNo selective cuttingqNo harmful dust40Getting the harder part out of the parent materialqSelective cuttingqNo damage to the valuable diamond41Rock CuttingThe Millennium Arch (of granite) in UMR,USA cut with water jet Never blunt cutter Abrasive sometimes is added to the water 5-10%(V)4243Turbine Blades or Vane Making by Jet Cutting With computer control,WJ can perform with high degree of precision44 Intricate Contour MakingNo dust, but disposal of water is necessaryNo effect on the metallurgical phase 45No dust, so no hazards for manufacturing of harmful material46MachiningTurning, Deburring and Surface finishing 47Manufacturing of Special PartsNo special tools or moulds are needed48Water Jet Carving 49Floor Carving50Ceramic tiles cutting for making geometric forms 51Glass Grinding 52Ice particles as abrasive in water jet cleaning and cuttingnIce particles may be generated in pipe linenNo contamination to cut materialsnNo need of post disposal of abrasive53Well Drilling Pressure:50MPaFlow rate:10 l/S54Ship Surface Cleaning to descale marine creatures and rust35-70 MPa 55PipeCleaningPressure:35-140 MPa Flow rate: 10-40 gpmNo damage to the pipe, and the descaled debris being carried out by the water simultaneously.56Homework for lecture 1 Summary work for the first lecture including the following main points ( about 500 words in English)1. Definition of water jet technology ?2. Components of WJ system. 3. Based on different factors, make a list of types of water jets and their main applications.4. Advantages and backwards of WJT57Chapt.1 review -True or false judgmentI.The jets presently used for practical applications can be grouped within the three categories: continuous, pulsed, and cavitating. ( )II. For most industrial applications, the mixture of water and fluid additive is substantially better than the “water-only” jet. ( ) III.In safety and training, it is sufficient to simply put a person to be trained with an experienced operator for a period of time. ( ) 58Chapt. 1 review -Filling the blank I.Based on pressure and flow capacity, there are two primary types of high pressure pumps: 1) pl-; 2) in- . II.For jet cutting,drilling or cleaning a typical system is composed of the following items: 1) por I- ,2) h-and j- , 3) vand r- , 4) n- , and sometimes 5) s- and 6 ) catcher . 59Chapt. 1 review -Oral presentationI.What can WJ be used in industry for ? II.How are the pressure and flow rate when WJ is applied in cleaning, cutting. III. Why are intensifiers generally used in cutting ?IV. Why is the flow rate generally large enough in water jet cleaning ? Give a example.