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走向高考走向高考 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索人教版人教版(课标卷地区课标卷地区) 高考总复习高考总复习 基础知识聚焦基础知识聚焦 第一部分第一部分解题策略解题策略(一一)语法填空之突破空格类试题语法填空之突破空格类试题第一部分第一部分 纯空格类试题其考查的语言项目主要有：行文逻辑、冠词、连词、介词、关系词等。首先，分析句子结构确定填哪类词。然后，根据句子的意思，确定具体填什么词。具体分析方法有： 要诀1名词、代词、动名词前设空，首先考虑限定词与介词 【解读】在纯空格类试题中， 如果在名词前设空，答案应首先考虑限定词与介词。限定词包括冠词(a, an, the)、物主代词(my, your, his等)、名词所有格、不定代词(no, some, any, one, each, every, either, neither, another, other 等)。 【例句1】What is a good education? _ question is far from being answered. Once more, colleges and universities are revising their programs: they drop “fun courses” and reestablish some of the traditional subjects neglected since the 1960s. 解析：question为名词，其前设空，答案应首先考虑限定词。上文已经提及这个问题 “What is a good education？”所以下面要论述的问题应表示特指，故用定冠词the。 答案：The 【例句2】His teacher took a deep drink，.thanked his student very much for the sweet water.After the student left, the teacher let _ student taste the water. 解析：考查代词。由student 单数可知前面代词应指一个人，由上文“After the student left”可知是另一个学生。 答案：another 【例句3】Nick replied，“The only reason a man would sell salt 1._ a lower price would be because he was desperate for money. And anyone who took advantage of that situation would be showing a lack of respect 2._ the sweat and struggle of the man who worked very hard to produce it.” 解析：考查介词。第一空at a lower price为固定用法，意思是：以较低的价格。第二空respect for sth.意思是：对的尊重。 答案：1.at2.for 要诀2及物动词后设空，首先考虑代词或名词 【解读】如果动词是及物动词，其后应跟宾语。因此如果在及物动词后设空，应首先考虑代词，尤其是宾格代词，以代替上文提到的人或者事物，或结合语境填入名词作它的宾语。 【例句1】I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _. 解析：及物动词后缺宾语，纯空格考虑填入人称代词宾格。cause sb. sth.为固定结构，故答案为her。 答案：her 【例句2】.although her father smoked a pipe only once in a while, she knew that this was a present which was bound to please _. 解析：句子缺宾语。根据句意，给父亲买礼物，根据常识应是使父亲高兴，作宾语用代词宾格。please him/father使他高兴。 答案：him 【例句3】When I looked into their eyes, I found they didnt care, which told me it would be useless, but when I looked into _， I saw kindness. 解析：句中looked into 后缺宾语， 故填代词； 根据前文their eyes 得知此空要填名词性的物主代词。 答案：yours 要诀3平时注意积累，注意习惯搭配 【解读】语法填空中的一些纯空格题实际上考查的是习惯搭配。解决此类问题，考生需要注意平时积累一些常见的固定搭配和习惯用语，多阅读地道的英语文章，培养语感，这样在做题时就可以游刃有余，又快又好。 【例句】_ view of the rising popularity of 3D films, 80 percent said the growth prospect would be good in the coming 12 months, and 60 percent suggested that 3D technology would offer more business opportunities over the next three years. 解析：in view of “鉴于，考虑到 ” 为固定搭配。 答案： In 要诀4掌握并列句和主从复合句的结构。若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间，没有句号或分号，就必须要有连词，否则句子结构就不完整。接着通过判定从句类型来选择适当的连词。 【解读】(1)如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起形容词的作用，则为定语从句。再根据定语从句的先行词和代表先行词的关系词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定用何关系词，若在从句中作主语或宾语，用关系代词；若作状语就用关系副词。 (2)如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起名词的作用(作主语、宾语、表语、同位语)，则为名词性从句，再根据名词性从句的连接词在从句中的意义和作什么句子成分，来确定用什么连接词。 (3)如果判定从属连词所引导的从句起副词的作用，则为状语从句。再根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系或连词在从句中作什么句子成分，来确定合适的连词。 【例句1】One day, he came up with an idea _ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches. 解析：that引导同位语从句， 补充说明前面idea 的内容。 答案：that 【例句2】In Lanzhou I visited a factory _ everything was very simple, including its equipment and the directors office, yet the factory turned out quite good products. 解析：这是一个定语从句， 先行词是factory, 在这里它是一个表示场所的名词。空格处所需要的关系词在定语从句中作状语，所以用where。 答案：where 【例句3】He was very tired after doing this for a whole day, _ he felt very happy since the crop did “grow” higher. 解析：因He was very tired.是一个句子， he felt very happy.也是一个句子，这两个句子之间没有连词，也没有分号或句号，一定是填连词；根据句意和两句之间逻辑关系，可知两句话是转折关系，故填but。 答案： but 【例句4】We understand this lesson best _ we receive gifts of love from children. 解析：考查时间状语从句， 表示“当的时候”，故填when。 答案：when 【例句5】.the villagers who had gathered around me were arguing as to _ should have the honor of receiving me as a guest in their house. 解析：who引导从句作介词as to (关于)的宾语， 同时在从句中充当主语。 答案：who 【例句6】Jane paused in front of a counter _ some attractive ties were on display. 解析：因两句之间没有连词， 必定是填连词； 后句应该是定语从句， 要填的词必须代替先行词counter 同时又在从句中作地点状语， 故填关系副词where. 答案：where 要诀5若结构较完整，空格后的谓语动词是原形，特别是与上下文时态不一致或主谓不一致时，很可能是填情态动词或表示强调或倒装的助动词(do, does, did等)。 【例句1】What is acceptable in one country _ be considered extremely rude in another. 解析：句中What is acceptable in one country是主语从句，空格后的be considered是谓语；因其中的be是原形，故空格处必定是填情态动词或助动词does(由语境可知是一般现在时，主语是第三人称单数)；由句意及作者的语气可知，需填表示“可能”的情态动词may。 答案：may 【例句2】He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he _ bring home a regular salary. 解析：这是一个由but连接的并列句，由前一分句的谓语动词had是一般过去时可知，后一分句的谓语动词bring也应用一般过去时；可是，bring却用的是原形，既与语境的时态不符，也与主语he不一致，该句不是倒装句，因此，此处必定是填情态动词或表示强调的助动词did；由句意和作者的语气推测，应当填对谓语动词表示强调的助动词did(的确)。 答案：did 要诀6由特殊的句式结构来判断空格应填的词。 (1)由it is.that.强调结构形式，判断填it还是that。 【例句】.and _40_ was only after I heard she became sick that I learned she couldnt eat MSG (味精)! 解析：由句式结构可知，本句为强调句，应填it。 答案：it (2)由倒装句式判断，是填构成倒装的条件的only, so, neither, nor, never, hardly, seldom, not, until, had等，还是填do, does, did等。 【例句】 _ with hard work can you expect to get pay rise. 解析：由can you expect to.可知，这是倒装句，根据构成倒装的条件可知，应填副词only，因为“only 状语(with hard work)”放在句首，句子要用倒装。 答案：Only (3)由it作形式主语或形式宾语的句式判断，空格处是否填it。如： 【例句1】 .as _32_ took them just three minutes to steal paintings by two worldfamous artists. 解析：由句式结构可知，这是it takes sb. some time to do sth.句型，本句的不定式to steal paintings是真正的主语，空格处填形式主语it。 答案：it 【例句2】Dating sites also make _36_ easy to avoid someone whom you are not interested in. 解析：由句式结构可知，to avoid.是真正的宾语，easy是宾补，空格处应填作形式宾语的it。 答案：it (4)so /such.that.句型。如： 【例句】This made the goat so jealous _34_ it began plotting against (谋划对付) the donkey. 解析：由句式结构可知，这是so.that.句型，应填that。 答案：that
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