常用金融英语词汇地翻译

常用金融英语词汇的翻译acquiringcompany收购公司badloan呆帐chartofcashflow现金流量表clearly-establishedownership产权清晰debttoequity债转股diversityofequities股权多元化economyofscale规模经济emergingeconomies新兴经济exchange-rateregime汇率机制fundandfinancing筹资融资globalfinancialarchitecture全球金融体系globalintegration,globality全球一体化，全球化gopublic上市growthspurt（经济的）急剧增长haveonestwocommas百万富翁hedgeagainst套期保值housingmortgage住房按揭holdings控股，所持股份holdingcompany控股公司initialofferings原始股initialpublicofferings首次公募innovativebusiness仓U新企业intellectualcapital智力资本inter-banklending拆借internetcustomer网上客户investmentpayoffperiod投资回收期joint-stock参股mallrat爱逛商店的年轻人meansofproduction生产要素(the)medicalcostsocialpoolformajordiseases大病医疗费用社会统筹mergersandacquisitions并购mobile-phonebanking移动电话银行业moods人气netpotato网虫non-storeseling直销offering新股online-banking网上银行业online-finance在线金融onlineclient(银行的)网上客户paperprofit帐面收益physicalassets形资产projectfundsystem项目资本金制度pyramidsale传销recapitalize资产重组regionalcorrencyblocks地区货币集团regulate调控selloff变现share(stock)option期权，股票认购权smartcard智能卡slashprices杀价sparecapacity闲置的生产能力stronggrowth强劲的增长势头switchtrade转手贸易takepublic!市taptheidleassets盘活存量资产transaction(银行的)交易transferpaymentfromtheexchequer财政转移支付venture-capital风险资本virtualbank虚拟银行wiretransfer电子转帐经济金融术语汉英对照表A-B安全网safetynet按可比口径oncomparablebasis按轻重缓急toprioritize暗补implicitsubsidy暗亏hiddenlossB颁发营业执照tolicense;tograntalicenceto办理存款业务totakedeposits保护农民的生产积极性toprotectfarmersincentivetoproduce备付金（超额准备金）excessreserves本外币并账consolidationofdomesticandforeigncurrencyaccounts本外币对冲操作sterilizationoperation本位利益localizedinterest;departmentalism奔小康tostrivetoprosper;tostrivetobecomewell-to-do避税（请见“逃税”）taxavoidance币种搭配不当currencymismatch币种构成currencycomposition变相社会集资disguisedirregular（orillegal）fundraising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheetitems（operation）薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes不变成本fixedcost不变价atconstantprice;inrealterms不动产realestate不良贷款problemloans；non-performingloansC财务公司financecompanies财政赤字fiscaldeficit贝才政挤银行fiscalpressureonthecentralbank（overmonetarypolicy）贝才政政策与货币政策的配合coordinationoffiscalandmonetarypolicies采取循序渐进的方法inaphasedandsequencedmanner操作弹性operationalflexibility操纵汇率tomanipulateexchangerate产品构成productcomposition;productmix产品积压stockpile;excessiveinventory产销率currentperiodinventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/outputratio产销衔接marketability产业政策industrialpolicy长期国债treasurybonds敞口头寸openposition炒股tospeculateinthestockmarket承购包销underwrite（securities）成套机电产品completesetsofequipment;completeplant（s）城市信用社urbancreditcooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行urbancooperativebanks;municipalunitedbanks城市商业银行municipalcommercialbanks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅realgrowthinhouseholdincome持续升温persistentoverheating重复布点duplicateprojects重置成本replacementcost重组计划restructuringplan筹资渠道fundingsources;financingchannels初见成效initialsuccess出口统一管理、归口经营canalizationofexports出口退税exporttaxrebate储蓄存款householddeposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits,前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。）储蓄分流diversionofhouseholddeposits储源萎缩declineintheavailabilityofhouseholdsavings传导机制transmissionmechanism从价税advaloremtax从紧控制tightcontrol存贷款比例loan/depositratio存款保险体系depositinsurancesystem存款货币银行depositmoneybanks存款准备金requiredreservesD打白条issueIOU大额存单certificateofdeposit(CD)大额提现withdrawdepositsinlargeamounts大面积滑坡wide-spreaddecline大一统的银行体制(all-in-one)mono-banksystem呆账(请见“坏账”)badloans呆账准备金loanlossreserves(provisions)呆滞贷款idleloans贷款沉淀non-performingloans贷款分类loanclassification贷款限额管理creditcontrol;toimposecreditceiling贷款约束机制creditdisciplinary(constraint)mechanism代理国库toactasfiscalagent代理金融机构贷款makeloansonbehalfofotherinstitutions戴帽贷款ear-markedloans倒逼机制reversedtransmissionofthepressureforeasingmonetarycondition道德风险moralhazard地区差别regionaldisparity第一产业theprimaryindustry第二产业thesecondaryindustry第三产业theserviceindustry;thetertiaryindustry递延资产deferrableassets订货不足insufficientorders定期存款timedeposits定向募集raisingfundsfromtargetedsources东道国（请见“母国”）hostcountry独立核算independentaccounting短期国债treasurybills对冲操作sterilizationoperation;hedging对非金融部门债权claimsonnon-financialsector多种所有制形式diversifiedownershipE恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation二级市场secondarymarketF发行货币toissuecurrency发行总股本totalstockissue法定准备金requiredreserves;reserverequirement法人股institutionalshares法人股东institutionalshareholders法治ruleoflaw房地产投资realestateinvestment放松银根toeasemonetarypolicy非现场稽核off-sitesurveillance(ormonitoring)非银行金融机构non-bankfinancialinstitutions非赢利性机构non-profitorganizations分税制assignmentofcentralandlocaltaxes;taxassignmentsystem分业经营segregationoffinancialbusiness(services);divisionofbusinessscopebasedonthetypeoffinancialinstitutions风险暴露(风险敞口)riskexposure风险管理riskmanagement风险意识riskawareness风险资本比例risk-weightedcapitalratios风险资本标准risk-basedcapitalstandard服务事业收入publicservicecharges;userscharges扶贫povertyalleviation负增长negativegrowth复式预算制double-entrybudgeting;capitalandcurrentbudgetaryaccountG改革试点reformexperimentation杠杆率leverageratio杠杆收购leveragedbuyout高息集资toraisefundsbyofferinghighinterest个人股non-institutionalshares根本扭转fundamentalturnaround(orreversal)公开市场操作openmarketoperations公款私存depositpublicfundsinpersonalaccounts公用事业publicutilities公有经济thestate-ownedsector;thepublicsector公有制publicownership工业成本利润率profit-to-costratio工业增加值industrialvalueadded供大于求supplyexceedingdemand;excessivesupply鼓励措施incentives股份合作企业joint-equitycooperativeenterprises股份制企业joint-equityenterprises股份制银行joint-equitybanks固定资产贷款fixedassetloans关税减免tariffreductionandexemption关税减让tariffconcessions关税优惠tariffincentives;preferentialtarifftreatment规范行为toregularize(orstandardize)-behavior规模效益economiesofscale国计民生nationalinterestandpeopleslivelihood国家对个人其他支出othergovernmentoutlaystoindividuals国家风险countryrisk国际分工internationaldivisionoflabor国际收支balanceofpayments国有独资商业银行whollystate-ownedcommercialbanks国有经济(部门)thestate-owned(orpublic)sector国有企业state-ownedenterprises(SOEs)国有制state-ownership国有资产流失erosionofstateassets国债回购governmentsecuritiesrepurchase国债一级自营商primaryunderwritersofgovernmentsecurities过度竞争excessivecompetition过度膨胀excessiveexpansion过热迹象signsofoverheatingH合理预期rationalexpectation核心资本corecapital合资企业joint-ventureenterprises红利dividend宏观经济运营良好soundmacroeconomicperformance宏观经济基本状况macroeconomicfundamentals宏观调控macroeconomicmanagement(oradjustment)宏观调控目标macroeconomicobjectives(ortargets)坏账baddebt还本付息debtservice换汇成本unitexportcost;localcurrencycostofexportearnings汇兑在途fundsinfloat汇兑支出advancepaymentofremittancebythebeneficiarysbank汇率并轨unificationofexchangerates活期存款demanddeposits汇率失调exchangeratemisalignment混合所有制diversified(mixed)ownership货币政策态势monetarypolicystance货款拖欠overdueobligationstosuppliersJ基本建设投资investmentininfrastructure基本经济要素economicfundamentals基本适度broadlyappropriate基准利率benchmarkinterestrate机关团体存款depositsofnon-profitinstitutions机会成本opportunitycost激励机制incentivemechanism积压严重heavystockpile;excessiveinventory挤提存款runonbanks挤占挪用unwarranteddiversionof(financial)resources(fromdesignateduses)技改投资investmentintechnologicalupgrading技术密集型产品technology-intensiveproduct计划单列市municipalitieswithindependentplanningstatus计划经济plannedeconomy集体经济thecollectivesector加大结构调整力度tointensifystructuraladjustment加工贸易processingtrade加快态势acceleratingtrend加强税收征管稽查toenhancetaxadministration加权价weightedaverageprice价格放开priceliberalization价格形成机制pricingmechanism减亏toreducelosses简化手续tocutredtape;tosimplify(streamline)procedures交投活跃brisktrading缴存准备金todepositrequiredreserves结构扭曲structuraldistortion结构失调structuralimbalance结构性矛盾突出acutestructuralimbalance结构优化structuralimprovement(optimization)结汇、售汇saleandpurchaseofforeignexchange金融脆弱financialfragility金融动荡financialturbulence金融风波financialdisturbance金融恐慌financialpanic金融危机financialcrisis金融压抑financialrepression金融衍生物financialderivatives金融诈骗financialfraud紧缩银根totightenmonetarypolicy紧缩政策austeritypolicies;tightfinancialpolicies经常账户可兑换currentaccountconvertibility经济特区specialeconomiczones(SEZs)经济体制改革economicreform经济增长方式的转变changeinthemainsourceofeconomicgrowth(frominvestmentexpansiontoefficiencygains)经济增长减速economicslowdown;moderationineconomicgrowth经济制裁economicsanction经营自主权autonomyinmanagement景气回升recoveryinbusinessactivity境外投资overseasinvestment竞争加剧intensifyingcompetition局部性金融风波localized(isolated)financialdisturbance开办人民币业务toengageinRMBbusiness可维持(可持续)经济增长sustainableeconomicgrowth可变成本variablecost可自由兑换货币freelyconvertiblecurrency控制现金投放controlcurrencyissuance扣除物价因素inrealterms;oninflation-adjustedbasis库存产品inventory跨国银行业务cross-borderbanking跨年度采购cross-yearprocurement来料加工processingofimportedmaterialsforexport)离岸银行业务off-shorebanking(business)理顺外贸体制torationalizeforeigntraderegime利率杠杆的调节作用theroleofinterestratesinresourceallocation利润驱动profit-driven;利息回收率interestcollectionratio联行清算inter-banksettlement连锁企业franchise(businesses);chainbusinesses良性循环virtuouscycle两极分化growingincomedisparity;polarizationinincomedistribution零售物价指数retailpriceindex(RP)I流动性比例liquidityratio流动资产周转率/流通速度velocityofliquidassets流动资金贷款workingcapitalloans流通体制distributionsystem流通网络distributionnetwork留购(租赁期满时承租人可购买租赁物)hirepurchase垄断行业monopolizedindustry(sector)乱集资irregular(illegal)fundraising)乱收费irregular(illegal)charges乱摊派unjustified(arbitrary)leviesM买方市场buyersmarket卖方市场sellersmarket卖出回购证券matchedsaleofrepo贸易差额tradebalance民间信用non-institutionalizedcredit免二减三exemptionofincometaxforthefirsttwoyearsofmakingprofitand50%taxreductionforthefollowingthreeyears明补explicitsubsidy明亏explicitloss名牌产品brandproducts母国(请见“东道国”)homecountryN内部控制internalcontrol内部审计internalaudit内地与香港themainlandandHongKong内债domesticdebt扭亏为盈toturnaloss-makingenterpriseintoaprofitableone扭曲金融分配distortedallocationoffinancialresources农副产品采购支出outlaysforagriculturalprocurement农村信用社ruralcreditcooperatives(RCCs)P泡沫效应bubbleeffect泡沫经济bubbleeconomy培育新的经济增长点totapnewsourcesofeconomicgrowth片面追求发展速度excessivepursuitofgrowth平衡发展balanceddevelopment瓶颈制约bottleneck(constraints)平稳回升steadyrecovery铺底流动资金initial(start-up)workingcapital普遍回升broad-basedrecovery配套改革concomitant(supporting)reforms酉已套人民币资金localcurrencyfundingofQ企业办社会enterprisesburdenedwithsocialresponsibilities企业集团战略corporategroupstrategy企业兼并重组companymergerandrestructuring企业领导班子enterprisemanagement企业所得税enterprise(corporate)incometax企业效益corporateprofitability企业资金违规流入股市irregularflowofenterprisefundsintothestockmarket欠税taxarrears欠息overdueinterest强化税收征管tostrengthentaxadministration强制措施enforcementaction翘尾因素carryovereffect切一刀partialapplication清理收回贷款cleanupandrecoverloans(破产)清算liquidation倾斜政策preferentialpolicy区别对待differentialtreatment趋势加强intensifyingtrend全球化globalization权益回报率returnsonequity(ROE)缺乏后劲unsustainablemomentumR绕规模贷款tocircumventcreditceiling人均国内生产总值percapitaGDP人均收入percapitaincome人民币升值压力upwardpressureontheRenminbi(exchangerate)认缴资本subscribedcapital软贷款softloans软预算约束softbudgetconstraint软着陆softlandingS三角债chaindebts;inter-enterprisearrears善政廉政goodgovernance商业贷款commercialloans上市公司（publicly）listedcorporations设备利用capacityutilization社会保障socialsafetynet;socialsecurity（insurance）深层次矛盾deep-rootedstructuralimbalance审批金融机构tolicensefinancialinstitutions审慎监管prudentialsupervision生产能力闲置unutilizedcapacity生息资产interest-bearingassets实际利用外资disbursementofforeigncapital;actualinflowofforeigninvestment实际有效汇率realeffectiveexchangerate实时realtime实收资本paid-incapital实现利润realizedprofit市场分割marketsegmentation市场经济marketeconomy市场占有率（市场份额）marketshare市场准入marketaccess（指商品和劳务的进入）;marketentry（指机构的审批）市价总值marketcapitalization适度从紧appropriatelytight适时调节timelyadjustment收回对金融机构贷款torecallcentralbankloans（tofinancialinstitutions）税后还贷amortization（repaymentofloans）aftertax税收流失taxerosion税源不足weaktaxbase私营经济（私人经济）theprivatesector私有制privateownership所有者权益ownersequityT逃税（请见“避税”）taxevasion套汇（1）指合法：currencyswap;arbitrage（2）指非法：illegalpurchaseofforeignexchange剔除季节性因素seasonallyadjusted调节流动性toinfluenceliquiditylevel贴现窗口discountwindow同比onyear-on-yearbasis;overthesameperiodofthepreviousyear同业拆借（放）inter-bankborrowing（lending）同业拆借市场利率（中国）CHIBOR（Chinainter-bankofferedrate）同业融通票据inter-bankfinancingbills同业往来inter-banktransactions透支overdraft退税taxrefund(rebate)头寸position吞吐基础货币adjustmentofmonetarybase脱媒现象disintermediationw外部审计externalaudit外国直接投资foreigndirectinvestment(FDI)外汇储备foreignexchangereserves外汇调剂foreignexchangeswap外汇占款theRMBcounterpartofforeignexchangereserves;theRMBequivalentofoffcialforeignexchangehold-ings外向型经济export-orientedeconomy外债externaldebt外资企业foreign-fundedenterprises完善现代企业制度toimprovethemodernenterprisesystem完税凭证taxpaymentdocumentation违法经营illegalbusiness委托存款entrusteddeposits稳步增长steadygrowth稳健的银行系统asoundbankingsystem稳中求进tomakeprogresswhileensuringstability无纸交易book-entry(orpaperless/scriptless)transaction物价监测pricemonitoringX吸纳流动性toabsorbliquidity稀缺经济scarcityeconomy洗钱moneylaundering系统内调度fundallocationwithinabank系统性金融危机systemicfinancialcrisis下岗工人laid-offemployees下游企业down-streamenterprises现场稽核on-siteexamination现金滞留(居民手中)cashheldoutsidethebankingsystem乡镇企业townshipandvillageenterprises(TVEs)消费物价指数consumerpriceindex(CPI)消费税excise(consumption)tax消灭财政赤字tobalancethebudget;toeliminatefiscaldeficit销货款回笼reflowofcorporatesalesincometothebankingsys-tem销售平淡lacklustersales协议外资金额committedamountofforeigninvestment新经济增长点newsourcesofeconomicgrowth新开工项目newprojects;newlystartedprojects新增贷款incrementalcredit;loanincrement;creditgrowth;creditexpansion新增就业位置newjobs;newjobopportunities信贷规模考核reviewthecompliancewithcreditceilings信号失真distortedsignals信托投资公司trustandinvestmentcompanies信息不对称informationasymmetry信息反馈feedback(information)信息共享系统informationsharingsystem信息披露informationdisclosure信用扩张credirexpansion信用评级creditrating姓资还是姓社pertainingtosocialismorcapitalism;socialistorcaptiali而政措施administrativemeasures需求膨胀demandexpansion;excessivedemand虚伪存款window-dressingdeposits削减冗员toshedexcesslaborforce寻租rentseeking迅速反弹quickreboundY养老基金pensionfund一刀切universalapplication;non-discretionaryimplemen-tation一级市场primarymarket应收未收利息overdueinterest银行网点bankingoutlets赢利能力profitability营业税businesstax硬贷款（商业贷款）commercialloans用地审批tograntlanduseright有管理的浮动汇率managedfloatingexchangerate证券投资portfolioinvestment游资（热钱）hotmoney有市场的产品marketableproducts有效供给effectivesupply诱发新一轮经济扩张triggeranewroundofeconomicexpansion逾期贷款overdueloans;past-dueloans与国际惯例接轨tobecomecompatiblewithinternationallyacceptedpractices与国际市场接轨tointegratewiththeworldmarket预算外支出（收入）off-budget（extra-budgetary）expenditure（revenue）预调pre-emptiveadjustment月环比onamonth-on-monthbasis;onamonthlybasisz再贷款centralbanklending在国际金融机构储备头寸reservepositionininternationalfinancialinstitutions在人行存款depositsat(with)thecentralbank在途资金fundinfloat增加农业投入toincreaseinvestmentinagriculture增势减缓decelerationofgrowth;moderationofgrowthmomentum增收节支措施revenue-enhancingandexpenditurecontrolmea-sures增长平稳steadygrowth增值税value-addedtax(VAT)涨幅偏高higher-than-desirablegrowthrate;excessivegrowth账外账concealedaccounts折旧depreciation整顿retrenchment;consolidation政策工具policyinstrument政策性业务policy-relatedoperations政策性银行policybanks政策组合policymix政府干预governmentintervention证券交易清算settlementofsecuritiestransactions证券业务占款fundingofsecuritiespurchase支付困难paymentdifficulty支付能力paymentcapacity直接调控方式向toincreasetherelianceonindirectpolicyinstruments间接调控方式转变职能转换transformationoffunctions职业道德professionalethics指令性措施mandatorymeasures指令性计划mandatoryplan;administeredplan制定和实施货币政策toconductmonetarypolicy;toformulateandimple-mentmonetarypolicy滞后影响laggedeffect中介机构intermediaries中央与地方财政delineationoffiscalresponsibilities分灶吃饭重点建设keyconstructionprojects;keyinvestmentproject周期谷底bottom(trough)ofbusinesscycle周转速度velocity主办银行mainbank主权风险sovereignrisk注册资本registeredcapital逐步到位tophasein;phasedimplementation逐步取消tophaseout抓大放小toseizethebigandfreethesmall(tomaintaincloseoversightonthelargestate-ownedenterprisesandsubjectsmalleronestomarketcompetition)专款专用useoffundsasear-marked转贷on-lending转轨经济transitioneconomy转机turnaround转折关头turningpoint准财政赤字quasi-fiscaldeficit准货币quasi-money资本不足under-capitalized资本充足率capitaladequacyratio资本利润率returnoncapital资本账户可兑换capitalaccountconvertibility资不抵债insolvent;insolvency资产负债表balancesheet资产负债率liability/assetratio;ratioofliabilitiestoassets资产集中assetconcentration资产贡献率assetcontributionfactor资产利润率returnonassets(ROA)资产质量assetquality资产组合assetportfolio资金成本costoffunding;costofcapital;financingcost资金到位fullyfunded(project)资金宽裕tohavesufficientfunds资金利用率fundutilizationrate资金缺口financinggap资金体外循环financialdisintermediation资金占压fundstiedup自筹投资项目self-financedprojects自有资金equityfund综合国力overallnationalstrength(oftenmeasuredbyGDP)综合效益指标overallefficiencyindicator综合治理comprehensiveadjustment(retrenchment);over-haul总成交额totalcontractvalue总交易量totalamountoftransactions总成本totalcost最后贷款人lenderoflastresortacquiringcompany收购公司badloan呆帐chartofcashflow现金流量表clearly-establishedownership产权清晰debttoequity债转股diversityofequities股权多元化economyofscale规模经济emergingeconomies新兴经济exchange-rateregime汇率机制fundandfinancing筹资融资globalfinancialarchitecture全球金融体系globalintegration,globality全球一体化，全球化gopublic上市growthspurt（经济的）急剧增长haveonestwocommas百万富翁hedgeagainst套期保值housingmortgage住房按揭holdings控股，所持股份holdingcompany控股公司initialofferings原始股initialpublicofferings首次公募innovativebusiness仓U新企业intellectualcapital智力资本inter-banklending拆借internetcustomer网上客户investmentpayoffperiod投资回收期joint-stock参股mallrat爱逛商店的年轻人meansofproduction生产要素(the)medicalcostsocialpoolformajordiseases大病医疗费用社会统筹mergersandacquisitions并购mobile-phonebanking移动电话银行业moods人气netpotato网虫non-storeseling直销offering新股online-banking网上银行业online-finance在线金融onlineclient(银行的)网上客户paperprofit帐面收益physicalassets形资产projectfundsystem项目资本金制度pyramidsale传销recapitalize资产重组regionalcorrencyblocks地区货币集团regulate调控selloff变现share(stock)option期权，股票认购权smartcard智能卡slashprices杀价sparecapacity闲置的生产能力stronggrowth强劲的增长势头switchtrade转手贸易takepbJic上市taptheidleassets盘活存量资产transaction(银行的)交易transferpaymentfromtheexcheqJer财政转移支付ventJre-capital风险资本virtJalbank虚拟银行wiretransfer电子转帐bigmacs,big/large-capstock,mega-issu战盘股offering,list上市boJrse证交所corporatechampion龙头企业ShanghaiExchanged海证交所pensionfund养老基金mutualfund共同基金hedgemutualfund对冲式共同基金share股票valuation股价underwriter保险商governmentbond政府债券savingaccount储蓄帐户equitymarket股市shareholder股东delist摘牌mongey-loser亏损企业inventory存货tradedcompany,tradingenterprise上市公司stakeholder利益相关者transparency透明度marketfundamentalist市场经济基本规则damage-contralmachinery安全顾问efficientmarket有效市场intellectualproperty知识产权opportunisticpractice投机行为entrepreneur企业家cookthebook做假帐regulatorysystem监管体系portfolio投资组合money-market短期资本市场capital-market长期资本市场volatility波动diversification多元化realestate房地产option期权calloption看涨期权putoption看跌期权merger并购arbitrage套利SecuritiesandExchangeCommissiondollarstandard美元本位制budget预算deficit赤字baddebt坏帐macroeconomic宏观经济fiscalstimulus财政刺激astoreofvalue保值transactioncurrency结算货币forwardexchange期货交易interventioncurrency干预货币Treasurybond财政部公债current-account经常项目美证券交易委员会pickupinrice物价上涨FederalReserved联储inflation通货膨胀deflation通货紧缩tightercredit紧缩信贷monetarypolicy货币政策foreighexchange外汇spottransaction即期交易forwardtransaction远期交易optionforwardtransaction择期交易swaptransaction调期交易quote报价settlmentanddelivery交割buyingrate买入价sellingrate卖出价spread差幅contract合同atpar平价premium升水discount贴水directquoationmethod直接报价法indirectquoationmethod间接报价法dividend股息domesticcurrency本币floatingrate浮动利率parentcompany母公司creditswap互惠贷款venturecapital风险资本bookvalue帐面价值phys