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第 7 讲 读写综合读写综合主要考查考生的英语实际运用能力，它由两部分组成：A 部分是信息归纳，其形式常为表格、图片或短文等，要求考生不仅能读懂文字信息，而且能够按照一定的要求记录和筛选信息并填入信息卡中。B 部分是书面表达，与传统的书面表达的要求基本一致，但其内容一定要与 A 部分的信息归纳相关。它要求考生根据从 A 部分整理出来的信息以及题目的要求和提示，写一篇语言准确、文理通顺、意思连贯的短文、日记、信件等。一、信息归纳A 部分的信息归纳实际上就是任务型阅读理解，要想做好此部分的题目，必须做到以下几点：1了解文字信息的大意(主要了解“5w1h”： what, who,when, why, where 和 how)。2浏览题目，确定信息点，并找出信息点所在的句子，或是从全文总结、归纳出应填信息。3确定答案，注意简洁的同时也要注意书写的格式(如：字母的大小写等)。二、书面表达从近几年的中考试题来看，书面表达主要以提示作文为主，即题目中已给考生提供了写作内容，且内容一般与考生生活贴近，让考生能“有话可说”，考生只需进行适当的展开和合理的想象，把规定的内容用英语表达出来。题目中经常要求列举一件生活中的事情，或描述一件自己身边的事例，这是本题的难点。书面表达的写作内容与 A 部分的信息归纳内容相关，所以考生还要注意不能照抄 A 部分的文字信息。从中考作文的评分标准来看，书面表达有四点要求：(1)内容完整；(2)语句连贯；(3)语法正确；(4)书写规范。要想写好书面表达，考生可按照以下步骤进行：1认真审题，把握主题。对于提示作文，考生首先要阅读写作内容和要求，根据提示确定要表达的中心内容，从而确定文体和格式。2确定结构，精心选词。确定了主题之后，考生可根据提示内容，先在草稿纸上列出所写文章的结构、要点及所需要用到的关键词、短语和句型。一般来说，提示作文给出的写作内容的顺序是合理的，考生可以按照其顺序来安排文章。对于题目中的难点列举或描述生活中的事例，考生也要确定写哪一件事，若没有合适的例子，也可以进行适当的虚构，但要符合常理。同时还要构思过渡性的词句，它们对整篇文章的流畅程度和逻辑性有着重要的作用。3连词成句，写成作文。作文所采用的句型宜简不宜繁，可适当插入一些复合句，建议多用一些经典句型来提高作文的档次。写作过程中要注意时态(列举或描述事例一般用过去时，谈论感想或发出呼吁一般用现在时，其他句子要根据实际情况选用时态)、语态、人称，以及上下文之间的联系，要尽量用英语思维组织句子。如遇到有英语提示词的，不要原封不动地把这些词和短语串联起来，这样的句子必然词不达意。4回头审读，修改润色。最后的检查是不可缺少的重要环节。写完之后要把文章通读几遍，看要点是否齐全，行文是否流畅，词数是否符合要求，大小写、标点符号等是否正确。附：书面表达常用的经典句型和短语：Everyone knowsthat 从句It is well-knownthat 从句 众所周知Itsadj.for sb.to do 对某人来说做怎么样It is said/reportedthat 从句据说/据报道It reminds methat 从句 它让我想起The reason why.isthat 从句 的原因是That is because从句 那是因为Why not do/Why dont you do.？为什么不做呢？I think/hope/believe (that).我认为/希望/相信Lets do.让我们做so.that./such.that 如此以至于not.until.直到才had better (not) do 最好(不)做prefer to do A rather than do B 宁愿做 A 也不愿做 Btry ones best to dodo ones best to do 竭尽全力做make up ones mind to do 下定决心做spend time/money (in) doing/on 名词花 费 时 间 / 金 钱做多用于议论文的句型：Just as every coin has two sides, .have both advantages anddisadvantages.Compared to/In comparison with., .are more.When it comes to., some people think they have brought us alot of.However.As we know/As is known to all, .have played an importantrole/part in our daily life.多用于书信的句型：Thank you for your letter!How happy I am to receive your letter!How nice to hear from you again.多用于口头通知或介绍的句型：Ladies and gentlemen, may I have your attention, please? Ihave an announcement to make.Attention, please.I have something important to tell you.Mr.Green, welcome to our school.To begin with, let meintroduce Mr.Wang to you.(一)2011 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试A.信息归纳请阅读某网站论坛上关于“地球一小时”的文章，根据所提供的信息，完成下列表格。From 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm on Saturday, March 26th, 2011,a great number of people around the world turned off the lightsfor Earth Hour.It is a bit like an environmentalNew Year, providing a chance to help care for ourearth and make people around the world learn howimportant it is to do that.What can we do during this hour？We can dolots of fun things in the dark, such as planning a candlelightdinner for our family or a group of friends, telling stories andsinging songs with the kids and neighbors.What did you do for Earth Hour this year？Lets share theEarth Hour stories.EmmaI was on one of the mountains near the city and tookphotos of my city.It was great to watch the stars andthe moon after a busy day so that I could enjoy thisrelaxing moment.AlbertI work as a waiter in a restaurant.Our restaurant wasstill open even for Earth Hour as we got lots ofreservations (预定) that night.So we spent the hour working bycandlelight.And guess what？Our customers loved that andpromised to come for next Earth Hour.BrandonI turned off the main power to my house and went fora walk for Earth Hour.It was a little strange to walk inthe dark, but it was only for one hour.Just think of what it musthave been like before the invention of the light bulb！MaryI invited my friends who know and support EarthHour activities.We actually had a candlelight concertand we talked about the old happy days that we spent together incollege.The date of Earth Hour in 201181_Alberts job82_What Brandon did when it wasdark83_Who stayed with Mary duringthe hour84_The number of people whotalked about their stories85_Information CardMarch 26thA waiterHe went for a walk.Her friendsFour/4B.书面表达根据要求完成短文写作。你听说过 Earth Hour 这项活动吗？今年的 Earth Hour 你是如何度过的？请你写一篇题为“My Earth Hour 2011”的短文。内容包括：1.你今年参加 Earth Hour 这个活动了吗？请表达你参加或者没有参加的心情。2.请描述你当时在哪里，与谁一起度过，做了什么事。3.请列举两件以上你在日常生活中经常做的有利于环保的事。4.号召大家加入到明年的 Earth Hour 活动中来。作文要求：1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校的真实名称和学生的真实姓名。2.语句连贯，词数 80 个左右。作文的标题、开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。My Earth Hour 2011The Earth Hour was from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm on Saturday,March 26th this year._I believe that we can make our earth a better place to live in.参考范文 1My Earth Hour 2011 (没参与)The Earth Hour was from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm on Saturday,March 26th this year.It was a pity that I didnt realize it was EarthHour until I watched news on TV.At that time, I was shopping withmy mother at the mall.As a student, I have done lots of things toprotect the environment.For example, I always carry a cloth bagwhile shopping.Besides, I often ride a bike to school instead oftaking a car.I think we can care for the earth by doing so.Lets takepart in the Earth Hour next year.I believe that we can make our earth a better place to live in.参考范文 2My Earth Hour 2011 (有参与)The Earth Hour was from 8:30 pm to 9:30 pm on Saturday,March 26th this year.It was the moment my friends and I waited fora long time.We talked and played games at home with all the lightsoff.We were glad to be in the Earth Hour.As a student, I have donelots of things to protect the environment.For example, I alwayscarry a cloth bag while shopping.Besides, I often ride a bike toschool instead of taking a car.I think we can care for the earth bydoing so.Lets take part in the Earth Hour next year.I believe that we can make our earth a better place to live in.附：1书面表达的评分原则与方法：(1)采用总体评分法：考生能否根据写作提示，较好地把阅读文章中与写作相关的内容进行归纳和运用来完成书面表达任务。评分时，先确定所属档次，然后以该档次的要求进行微调，最后给分。原文照抄的，只能在第 5 档中调整；但正确引用原文少数句子且运用得当的，不扣分。(2)注重内容的完整及语言表达的准确：本题在写作具体内容上给了考生较大的发挥空间，要求考生能准确地表达个人的观点与看法，表述的事例符合逻辑。语法、单词拼写和标点符号错误，每两处扣 0.5 分，同样错误不重复扣分，此部分扣分不超过 3 分。(3)如卷面不整洁或字数多于规定的 30 词以上则酌情扣分。(4)如考生把文章所给出的标题、开头和结尾部分抄写在答题卡上，不扣分。(即使抄写有错误)(5)对灵活使用复杂句式、行文流畅的文章，可酌情加分，加分最多不超过 2 分，加分后本题满分不得超过 15 分。2内容要点和分数分布：(1)表明参加或没参加(2 分)(2)参加或没参加的心情(2 分)(3)描述当时在哪里，与谁一起度过，做了什么事(3 分)(4)日常生活中经常做的有利于环保的事(两点以上)(6 分)(5)号召大家加入到明年的 Earth Hour 活动中来(2 分)3评分档次和标准：第一档：1315 分要求：内容涵盖所有的要点，表达准确，意思连贯，符合逻辑，只有个别语言错误。第二档：1012 分要求：内容涵盖所有的要点，表达清楚，意思连贯，符合逻辑，但有少数语言错误。第三档：79 分要求：内容涵盖大部分要点，表达较为清楚、连贯，基本符合逻辑，但有一些语言错误。第四档：46 分要求：内容涵盖部分要点，能写出少量正确句子，但整体表达不太连贯，且语言错误较多。第五档：03 分 要求：只能写出一些单词，不成句子，缺乏逻辑性，错误很多。(二)2010 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试A信息归纳请阅读报纸上发表的一篇关于校园安全的短文，根据所提供的信息，完成下面表格。Safety Activities for Middle School KidsSchool is not the safe place as it used to be.How to keepschool safer? How to help students stay away from danger? Thereare many activities that teachers can do to teach safety in an easyway.Here are some stories from the students who have had thesafety class in No.1 Middle School.Mike Smith: About Sports SafetyOnce, our head teacher made up a story about sports safety.Allwe needed to do was to point out safe and unsafe sports behaviorsin the story.From this lesson, we knew we should always dowarm-up ( 热 身 ) activities before playing sports and drink somewater after that.Amy Young: About Classroom SafetyYes, making up stories is a good way to learn and enjoyourselves.We were once asked to make up a story about a boycalled Little Naughty.He always did something naughty ( 淘气的)in the classroom and got himself into trouble.In this way, welearned to behave (行为) well and get on well with each other.Frank Green: About Fire SafetyIn our school, we have a fire emergency response practice (火警应急演习) in September every year.So we know where to go ifthere is a fire in school.We learn to use the fire extinguisher ( 灭火器), too.But I dont think we should be allowed to put out the firealone, its too dangerous for young students like us.The school that the students are from81_The person who talked aboutclassroom safety82_What to drink after playing sports83_Time to have fire emergencyresponse practice84_The number of the students whotalked about school safety85 _Information CardNo.1 Middle SchoolAmy YoungSome water/WaterSeptember everyyearThree/3B.书面表达根据要求完成短文写作。你觉得你的校园生活安全吗？请你写一篇题为“How toKeep Safe in School”的短文，谈谈你的看法。内容包括：1.描述一件发生在你身上或你看到的发生在校园的意外事件(经过与结果)。2.提出解决这种校园意外事件的建议(至少两条)。3.呼吁每个学生要注意校园安全。作文要求：1.不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称和学生的真实姓名。如需使用学校名称或学生的姓名，请一律使用Hilltop School 和 Tom。2.语句连贯，词数 80 个左右。作文的开头已经给出，不计入总词数。How to Keep Safe in SchoolDo you know that our school life could be dangerous if we arenot careful enough? For example, .参考范文How to Keep Safe in SchoolDo you know that our school life could be dangerous if we arenot careful enough? For example ，one day, two students ran aftereach other in the hallway.Suddenly, one of them fell down and hurthis leg because of the wet floor.Therefore, he had to stay in hospitalfor two weeks.So I think students should always walk but not runin the hallways.And the teachers had better keep an eye on thestudents after class and stop them from running.At last, I hope allthe students should pay attention to their safety in school.(三)2009 年广东省初中毕业生学业考试A信息归纳下面是一篇学生评述老师的短文。请阅读下面短文，按信息表中项目要求，填写信息卡，每小题填写不得超过 3 个词。Memories about TeachersRecently we made a survey ( 调查) and asked a large numberof people to tell us about their teachers.Here is what theyremembered about their teachers：“What teachers do I remember? Well, I remember my firstteacher.She was so kind and pretty, and she told us manyinteresting stories.”“I remember an English teacherhe always had colouredsocks: red, green, even orange.”“I remember a math teacher.She was always dressed verywell.I couldnt stop looking at her.I wanted to be like her.”“Our chemistry teacher.He was so strict.We were afraid ofhim.I dont think he liked us.”“The physics teacher was so boring.He could make us fallasleep very quickly.”“One year we had a really good Chinese language teacher.Hewas very patient and told very funny stories.He was popular withall the class.We always worked hard for him.We are his friends.”“The PE.teacher always said I was stupid.I thought teachersshould give us encouragement.I am not interested in sports becauseof him.”“I had one history teacher who always wore clothes of thesame colour.In three years I never saw him change.”“I remember two teachers well.One was my music teacherwho was very active, and usually had a loud voice.The other wasmy computer teacher, who was very serious, but he really helpedme when I had problems at any time.”81.Number of all the teachers that arementioned_82.Reason why the students wereafraid of the chemistry teacher_83.Personality (性格) of the Chineselanguage teacher_84.Expectation (期待) of the studentfor the PE.teacher85.The teacher who had a loud voiceInformation Cardten/10 teachersso/too strictvery patientgive studentsencouragement/toencourage studentsmusic teacherB.书面表达阅读完以上短文，你想起了哪些老师？初中阶段你印象最深的又是哪位老师？请结合以上短文内容，用英语写一篇题为“The Teacher I Never Forget”的作文。内容包括：1简要介绍老师的性格或特长；2列举一个事例，说明老师是如何在学习上帮助或鼓励你取得进步的；3感谢老师，祝愿老师。作文要求：1不能照抄原文；不得在作文中出现学校真实的名称，老师的姓名请一律使用 Mr Zhang 或 Ms Zhang。2语句连贯，词数 80 个左右。作文的题目已给出，不计入总词数。The Teacher I Never ForgetHow time flies! Three years has passed since I became amiddle school student.I had very good memories of my classmatesand teachers.The teacher I never forget is.参考范文The Teacher I Never ForgetHow time flies！Three years has passed since I became amiddle school student.I had very good memories of my classmatesand teachers.The teacher I never forget is Mr Zhang, an Englishteacher.He is very kind and friendly.He helped us not only in classbut also after class.About two years ago, Mr Zhang noticed that Iwas worried about my poor pronunciation.So he offered me manysuggestions to improve it, and he also gave me every chancepossible to speak in class.With his help, my pronunciation hasgreatly improved.I must say many thanks to Mr Zhang.I wish him a healthyand happy life in the future!
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