主谓一致导学案

主谓一致导学案1、 主谓一致定义观察实践1.Toms mother _ (have) gone to the United States.2.The students _(be) preparing the coming examination.归纳总结 所谓主谓一致是指主语和谓语动词之间,即主语的_和_决定着_的单复数形式。2、 主谓一致的三个原则1.语法一致原则 就是主语为单数形式, 谓语即用单数形式; 主语为复数形式, 谓语也用复数形式。如：The book is very interesting. 这本书很有趣。The books are very interesting. 这些书很有趣。(1) 不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用_，如each, either, one, someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing。注意：none of 和 neither/either of加复数名词做主语时，谓动可用单数，也可用复数。即境运用1.Someone_ asking for you.（be） 有人找你。2.Nothing _ found in the room.( be ) 在屋子里什么也没找到。3.Neither of them _(know) how to teach English.他们两个全都不知道如何教英语。Neither of them _(know) how to teach English.他们两个没有一个知道如何教英语。4. None of them _(has)been to the Great Wall.他们中没有一个人去过长城。None of them _(has)been to the Great Wall.他们全都没有一个人去过长城(2) 如果句子中插入由“with, along with, together with, besides,as well as, like, without, except, but, including，rather than ”等所连接的短语时，谓语动词谓与前面的名词或代词的数一致。即境运用1. Mr Li together with his two sons_(has) gone to the cinema.2. Two women , as well as Mr. Black, _（be）at the office now.3. No one except the two boys _ (be )late for class yesterday. 4. His classmates, rather than Li Ming, _ (have)let out the secret. (3) all of; a lot of; lots of; some of; most of; plenty of; the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of等量词加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。即境运用1.All of my classmates _(like) music. 2.All of the water _(be ) gone. 3.About 60 percent of the students in our school _（be）boys(4) many a, more than one, one and a half+单数名词, 谓语用_。即境运用 1.More than one person_(has) known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。2.Many a worker _（be） killed in the accident. 在这个事故中死了许多工人。(5) 以 “a number of +复数名词”意为“许多”，作主语时，谓语动词用_； “the number of +复数名词”意为“的数目”，作主语时， 谓语动词用_。即境运用1.A number of new books_（be）on the desk.2.The number of students in your class _（be）50.(6) 定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时，谓语动词要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。即境运用1.Those who_(enjoy) singing may join us.2.Tom, who _(be) your friend, should help you.(7) 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。即境运用1.Between the two windows _(hang) two pictures.2.Between the two rows of trees _(stand) the teaching building. (8) . a large quantity of + 名单 + 谓单 名复 + 谓复/单 large quantities of + 名单/复 + 谓复即境运用1.Large quantities of money _spent on the bridge.(be)spent on the bridge.(be)2.A large quantity of money _ materials_(9) an amount of + 不可数名词 + 谓单 Amounts of + 不可数名词 + 谓复即境运用.1.A large amount of money _ spent on books.(be)2. Large amounts of money _ spent on books.(be)2. 意义一致原则所谓意义一致原则是指谓语动词和主语一致不是取决于主语的语法形式, 而是其实际意义。有的主语名词在形式上是单数, 但在意义上却是复数；有的主语名词在形式上是复数, 但在意义上却是单数。如：Cattle eat grass. 牛吃草。The police were called in. 警察被召来了。(1) and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用_。但是，当两个名词表示同一人、同一事物、同一概念或一个完整的东西时(其特征是and后的名词前无任何冠词)，谓语动词应用_。即境运用1.He and she _(be) both students of this school. 2.The singer and dancer_(be) going to give us a performance. 3.The knife and fork _(be) on the table.(2) 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词一般用_。1.When he is coming _ (seem) very important. 2.Collecting stamps _ (be) his hobby. 3.To love her _(be) not to break her wings.(3) 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用_；指全体人员时, 动词则用_。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group。即境运用1.My family_all fond of going to the cinema. 我全家都爱看电影。2.The family _ rather big, with twelve people in all. 这个家庭很大, 总共有12个人。(4) 由两个部分构成一个整体的物品名词做主语，如shoes, glasses, boots, socks, scissors, compasses, trousers, shorts等, 谓语通常用_,但当被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用_.即境运用1.The shoes _ (be)worn out. 2.The pair of shoes _ (be)worn out. (5) 某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics等作主语时，谓语动词用_。即境运用翻译： 1.物理是一门很有趣的学科。_ 2.数学深受学生的们的欢迎。_(6) 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用_。即境运用1.Thirty dollars _ too high a price for the book.（be）2.Another 10 years _ passed since he left. (have)3.Fifteen miles _ like a long walk to me. (seem)(7) every. and every .; each . and each .; no . and no . 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。即境运用翻译：1. 班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。_没有任何声音被听到。_(8) what, such引导一个句子时，谓语动词常与其后作表语的名词一致。即境运用1.What you said _ of great importance.(be) 3.Such _ our plan.(be) 2.What you left _ only several old books.(be) 4.Such _ his words.(be)(9) 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,表示“.一类人”,谓语通常用_;这类词有: ,the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed 等。即境运用翻译：1. 盲人在特殊学校学习。_2. 在车祸中受伤的人必须立即被送去医院。_(10) means(方法手段)，works(工厂)，sheep, fish,deer，Chinese，Japanese等单复数同形的名词作主语时, 采用意义一致的原则：指一种方法或一家工厂时, 谓语动词用单数, 否则用复数。如：即境运用1.Every possible means _(have) been tried to solved the problem.2.All means _(have) been tried. 3. 就近原则 所谓就近原则，即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。 注意：either . or; neither . nor; not only . but also, whether.or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。即境运用1.Neither you nor I _ （be）wrong. 2.There _（be） a cup of tea and some apples on the table.3.Not only the students but also the teacher _ (wish) for a holiday. 主谓一致巩固练习一、主谓一致与广东高考1. Being too anxious to help an event develop often _ (result) in the contrary to our intention. （2008广东语法填空）2. He _ (pretend) that a tiger toy was real and giving it a voice. (2011语法填空)3. “Your father has at last decided to stop smoking,” Jane _ (inform).(2009语法填空)二、单句填空1. Either you or the headmaster _ (be) to hand out the prizes to those gifted students at the meeting.2. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _(visit) visiting a museum when the earthquake struck. 3. Two fifths of the land in that district _(be) covered with trees and grass. 4. Nowadays, a large number of women, especially those from the countryside, _ (work) in the clothing industry. 5. With more forests being destroyed, huge quantities of good earth _ (wash) away each year. 6. He is the only one of the students who _(be) a winner of scholarship for three years. 7. Every possible means _(use) to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. 8. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ (not, decide) yet.9. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book _(reach) 50 million. 10. Professor Smith, along with his assistants, _(work) on the project day and night to meet the deadline. 三、语法填空 It was astonishing that Hans 1 _(find) dead alone at 9 oclock on Sunday evening in his study two days before his 60-year-old birthday. The famous writer and photographer 2 _ (see) in public at the press conference for the last time, saying his family 3 _(arrange) a big birthday party for him and his ex-wife as well as all of his good friends 4 _(be) going to attend his party. How he died 5 _(be) a mystery. To find out the reason of his death, the police 6 _(call) to come immediately to the spot. The police found in the study there 7 _(be) a handbag and two new books that 8 _ (say) not to belong to him. Each family member and each servant 9 _(ask) what they 10 _(do) between 7:00 and 9:00. According to their testimony(证词), both his wife and his mother 11 _(watch) TV in the sitting-room while his father was reading newspaper in his bedroom. Running a supermarket 100 kilometers away 12 _(be) his only sons job so he was staying there during that time. Although 100 kilometers 13 _(be) not a long distance, he seldom went home. His daughter-in-law along with his two daughters 14 _(shop). Neither two female servants nor the male servant 15 _(be) at home because all of them 16 _(send) to the villa to help prepare the party. A further investigation was going to be carried out.4、 写作运用翻译下列句子。1. 这里三分之一的人口是工人。_2. 又聋有哑很难与人交流。Being deaf and dumb_3. 受伤的人都被送进了医院。_4. 到目前为止，这个海里大量的水已经被污染。_5. 每一种方法都已经被尝试过了，我们还是救不了他。_6. 老师和同学们在讨论问题。（with）_5