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Unit 23 B卷一、阅读理解AMore than one in ten UK teenagers has been left without a job or college place，despite 11 years of compulsory education，figures show.The number of 16to18yearolds branded as“Neet”not in education，employment or traininghas risen amid growing fears that schoolleavers are bearing the brunt of_job_shortages_in_the_recession.Some 261,000 young people had no job or training place，according to official data.The figure rose to 1,082,000 among 16to24yearolds.The conservatives branded the figures“shocking”David Willetts，the shadow skills secretary，said：“It is a damning indictment of the governments failure to help young people during the recession.”“Despite all Gordon Browns guarantees and pledges，the number of young people neither earning nor learning is increasing at a rate of more than 9,000 a week.Ministers must stop making empty gestures that do so little to help young people.”The government has a target to reduce the proportion of young Neets to 7.6 per cent by next year.The latest annual data from the Department for Children，Schools and Families put the figure at 10.3 per cent by the end of 2008.The percentage of 16to18yearolds who fell into the same bracket remained higher in the past year than in the previous 12 months，it was revealed.In a further disclosure，figures for the third quarter of this year show almost a fifth of 16to24yearolds were in the categorymore than at any point since 2005.Iain Wright，the Schools Minister，said：“We are giving all 16to17yearolds the opportunity to stay in education or training so they can gain the skills they need to succeed in an increasingly competitive labour market.”“We must not repeat the mistakes that were made in recessions of the past and abandon a whole generation of young people.We recognize that we need to carry on helping young people through this tough economic climate.”He said the government would offer every Neet a place on an“Entry of Employment”course in January.1According to what David Willetts said，the number of young people neither earning or learning will increase about _ in a year.A261,000B1,082,000C9,000 D432,0002The underlined sentence in Para.2 means“_”Aschoolleavers are the cause of job shortages in the recessionBschoolleavers are not to blame for job shortages in the recessionCschoolleavers are receiving the main pressure of job shortages in the recessionDschoolleavers are to be freed from job shortages in the recession3What David Willetts said indicates that _.Athe government has tried its best to solve the problemBthe problem is unavoidable during the recessionCwhat the government has done is far from satisfactoryDhe is sure the government can solve the problem4Which of the following is NOT true according to Iain Wright?AThe government has realized how serious the problem is and will take effective measures.BYoung people are facing a tough economic climate.CThe government responded too late in face of the situation.DIt will be difficult for young people to be employed if they dont have relevant skills.BWe may all have had the embarrassing moment：Getting halfway through a story only to realize that weve told this exact tale before，to the person were boring with it now.Why do we make such memory mistakes?According to research published in Psychological Science，it may have to do with the way our brains process different types of memory.Researchers Nigel Gopie，of the Rotman Research Institute in Toronto，and Colin MacLeod，of the University of Waterloo，divided memory into two kinds.The first was source memory，or the ability to keep track of where information is coming from.The second was destination memory，or the ability to recall whom we have given information to.They found that source memory functions better than destination memory，in part because of the direction in which that information is travelling.To study the differences between source and destination memory，the researchers did an experiment on 60 university students，according to a New York Times report.The students were asked to associate 50 random(随意的)facts with the faces of 50 famous people.Half of the students“told”each fact to one of the faces，reading it aloud when the celebritys picture appeared on a computer screen.The other half read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterward.When later asked to recall which facts went with which faces，the students who were giving information out(destination memory)scored about 16 percent lower on memory performance compared with the students receiving information(source memory)The researchers concluded that outgoing information was less associated with its environmental context(背景)that is，the personthan incoming information.This makes sense given what is known about attention.A person who is giving information even little facts，will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said.Because our attention is finite(有限的)，we give less attention to the person we are giving information to.After a second experiment with another group of 40 students，the researchers concluded that selffocus is another factor that undermines destination memory.They asked half the students to continue giving out random information，while the other told things about themselves.This time around，those who were talking about themselves did 15 percent worse than those giving random information.“When you start telling these personal facts compared with nonself facts，suddenly destination memory goes down more，suggesting that it is the selffocus component(成分)thats reducing the memory，”Gopie told Live Science.5The point of this article is to _.Agive advice on how to improve memoryBtell what causes the memory to worsenCexplain why we repeat stories to the same personDintroduce different kinds of memories6Those who read each fact silently and saw a different celebrity picture afterwards _.Acan memorize more informationBhave worse memoryCare more likely to repeat storiesDpaid more attention to themselves7The person who is giving information _.Amay receive little factsBfocuses more on what he is sayingChas finite attentionDpays much attention to his own behavior8The underlined word“undermines”probably means“_”Aweakens BbenefitsCexplains Dsupports二、任务型读写(2012铜陵第三中学高三月考)阅读下面短文，根据所读内容在表格中的空白处填入恰当的单词。注意：每个空格只填一个单词。Farmers and gardeners have long used greenhouses to extend the growing season in cold weather.Now，hoop houses are gaining popularity.Hoop houses are sometimes called a temporary greenhouse or passive solar greenhouse.Some hoop houses are rounded；others are shaped more like a traditional house.A hoop house is basically a metal frame covered with plastic or other allweather material.A common design looks like a high tunnel.Unlike a greenhouse，which uses a heating system，a hoop house is heated by the warmth of the sun.Now，the United States Department of Agriculture has announced a program to help farmers who want to build hoop houses.The department has been supporting a project in Michigan.That state has a short growing season.As part of the research project，nine farmers were given materials and trained how to build and use a hoop house.The results showed that wellmanaged hoop houses can grow highquality crops.However，crops are not the only things that grow well.The research found that weeds grow faster in a hoop house.Weeding，seeding and watering requires at least as much work as crops grown in the open air.The researchers also advise growers to add compost(堆肥)material to the soil in hoop houses to build nutrients.Eliot Coleman is an organic farmer and a writer in Maine who has helped popularize the idea of fourseason farming.His ideas about hoop houses sounded good to John Biernbaum in the Horticulture(园艺)Department at Michigan State University.Professor Biernbaum tried hoop houses on the Student Organic Farm at Michigan State and had success.Project director David Conner says it was a“test drive(试车)”for the research on private farms.The agricultural economist points to the demand for locally grown crops.“People are hungry for good，fresh vegetables，”he says.TopicHoop housesDesignShapeLike a high tunnel：Some round；others like a 1._ greenhouse.MaterialMetal frame；Plastic or other allweather material2._The warmth of the sunResearch project in MichiganThe programIt is 3._ by the US Department of Agriculture；Michigan was chosen due to its short 4._ season；Nine farmers were given materials and trained how to build and use a hoop house；It is greatly inspired by the ideas from Eliot Coleman.5._Highquality crops can grow in wellmanaged hoop houses；weeds also grow faster in hoop houses.6._7._ in weeding，seeding and watering is needed as much as with 8._ grown crops；9_ should be added to the soil.SignificanceDemand for locally grown crops 10._ further research on private farms.参考答案与解析课时作业(四十六)Unit 23B卷一、阅读理解解题导语：世界性的经济危机对英国社会产生了深刻的影响，超过十分之一的青少年毕业后既没有工作也没大学读，他们成了“啃老族”，这一现象引起了英国政府的担忧。1解析：计算题。由第六段可知，既不工作又不学习的年轻人每周增加九千多人，那么一年就是9 000412432 000人。答案：D2解析：句意理解题。画线句子是同位语从句。根据下文的内容可知，在经济衰退中离校生将承受主要就业岗位减少的压力。答案：C3解析：细节理解题。根据David Willetts的话尤其是第六段最后一句的内容可知，政府做得远远不够。答案：C解题导语：文章通过两个实验向我们介绍了对于两种信息记忆效果的不同及其原因。5解析：主旨大意题。由文章的结构可以看出，全文就是在回答“Why do we make such memory mistakes？”的。而“such memory mistakes”就是选项中所说的we repeat stories to the same person。答案：C6解析：细节理解题。倒数第六段对接受两种信息的实验对象进行了比较，由此可以得出答案。答案：A7解析：细节理解题。由倒数第四段“A person who is giving information even little facts，will devote some mental resources to thinking about what is being said.”可知答案。答案：B
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