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八年级难点解析名词单复数2复合名词4名词所有格：5所属关系6冠词7连词9代词17复合不定代词：too.to, enough32疑问代词不定式35时间介词38since/during43before/ago44beginning/end45in/after/later47时间状语48方位介词49方式介词60On/about66In/with66动词固定搭配67四大花费：76比较级78主谓一致80宾语从句85倒装：91句式：94一就98被动语态：99Day 1名词单复数1. What can I do for you?- Id like two _A. box of apple B. boxes of apples C. box of apples D. boxes of apple正确答案B析box 和apple都是可数名词举一反三1. apairof_(scissor)2. aschoolof_(fish)3. 2barsof_(chocolate)4. 10_(loaf)ofbread5. atrainof_(thought)正确答案1. scissors 2. fish 3. chocolate 4. loaves 5. Thoughts2.Help yourself to _.A. some chickens B. a chicken C. some chicken D. any chicken正确答案C析chicken当鸡肉讲时不可数，当鸡讲时作为可数名词。举一反三1.Willyoupleaseput_inthehamburger?A.afish B.somefish C.somefishes D.anfish2.CanIhelpyou,sir?-Idliketohave100_.Iwantmystudentstodrawpictures.A.pieceofpaperB.piecesofpaperC.piecesofpapers3. This class _ the classroom.A. are cleaning B. is cleaning C. be cleaning D. cleaning4.Couldyoupleasetellmesomethingaboutthetwo_? _.TheyarcexchangestudentsofNo.1MiddleSchool.A.Frenchmen;Yes,please B.Frenchmans;ComeonC.Germen;Notatall D.Germans;Allright5.WhenIhurriedlygottotheairport,theladyatthewindowtoldmethattherewereno_leftonthatplane.A.placesB.seatsC.spaceD.room正确答案1.B 2.B 3.A 4.D 5.B析1. fish的问题：指许多条鱼且不管种类时,用fish,可数名词且单复数相同；fishes指许多种类的鱼；fish指“鱼肉”时是不可数名词。如：Therearemanyfish/kindsoffishesinthepool.(池子里有很多鱼/种类的鱼)/Ipreferfishtomeat.(与肉相比我更喜欢鱼)2. paper是不可数名词，它没有复数形式，若表示数量，一般用apieceof短语表示，它的复数形式应体现在piece上。paper是不可数名词，故排除C；答句意“我想要100张纸”。100张纸中，量词piece应用复数形式，故排除A。正确答案是：B。3. 在这里class做的是班里的同学,要作为复数看。类似的还有: The police are running after the thief。等类：这一类包括cattle(牛)，people(人)，police(警察)，poultry(家禽)等，其用法特点为：只有单数形式，但却表示复数意义，用作主语时谓语通常也用复数；不与a(n)连用，但可与the连用(表示总括意义和特指)类：这一类包括family(家庭)，team(队)，class(班)，audience(听众)等，其用法特点为：若视为整体，表示单数意义；若考虑其个体成员，表示复数意义。4. 名词复数与交际用语用法。Frenchman的复数是Frenchmen，German的复数不是把a换成e，而是直接加s,即Germans，故B,C错。Yes,please包含“好吧和感谢”的意思，Allright指指“好吧”。5. 关于“国人”的复数：Chinese-Chinese中国人，Japanese-Japanese日本 人Englishman-Englishmen,英国男人Englishwoman-Englishwomen英国女人;Frenchman-Frenchmen,法国男人Frenchwoman-Frenchwomen法国女人 ；Australian-Australians,澳大利亚人Canadian-Canadians,加拿大人American-Americans美国人6. space,room意为“空间”时是不可数名词，句中therewere需要与可数名词搭配，先排除C、D；根据关键信息onthatplane和题意“当我匆忙到达飞机场时，窗户旁的那位女士告诉我在那架飞机上没有座位。”可知A不符合语境，故选B。复合名词1. Which is the way to the _?A. shoe factory B. shoes factory C. shoes factory D. shoes factory正确答案A析选择D的同学注意这里不是指名词所有格, 而是名词作形容词的用法.类似的用法如: pencil box; school bag等.举一反三1. Therearethree_inourfactory.A.womandoctorsB.womendoctorsC.womandoctorD.womendoctor2. Tenyearshadpassed.Ifoundshehad_. A.alittlewhitehair B.somewhitehair C.afewwhitehairD.afewwhitehairs3. Bothofmybrothersarenowmarried, soIhavetwo_.A. sister-ins-lawB. sisters-in-lawC. sister-in-lawsD. sister-in-law4. Thereweremorethantherewereseatsontheplane. A.stand-by B.stands-byC.stands-bys D.stand-bys5. Have you ever read _ ? A. today newspaper B. newspaper today C. newspaper of today D. todays newspaper正确答案1.B 2.D 3.B 4.D 5.D析1. man doctor; woman doctor; man teachers; woman doctor变成复数，前后都要变2. hair 时,指一根一根的毛发或头发,如说 Theres a hair in my soup (我的汤里有根头发)；用作不可数名词时,则是整体地指一个人的头发.比较： He has gray hairs.他有几根白发了.He has gray hair.他满头白发了.3. 以“可数名词+介词（短语）”构成的复合名词变复数时，把前面的名词变为复数。Sister-in-lawsisters-in-law；father-in-lawfathers-in-law.4. 以“动词/过去分词+副词”构成的复合名词变复数时，在词尾加s。Stand bystand-bys; grown upgrown ups.5. -s所有格主要用于有生命的名词，但有时也可用于无生命的名词，这主要见于：用于表时间的名词后：E.g. tomorrowsweather明天的天气twodays journey两天的旅程 todays newspaper今天的报纸比较：tenminutesbreak=aten-minutebreak10分钟的休息名词所有格：1. -Excuse me, is the supermarket far from here? - No, its about .A. 7 minutes walk B.7 minute walk C. 7 minutes walk D. 7 minutes walk答案为C。本题考查名词所有格的用法。当名词的复数以-s结尾时，则只需要加”即可，则7分钟的距离为”7 minutes walk”.举一反三1. Oh,dear.Iforgotthetwo_.A.roomsnumberB.roomsnumberC.roomnumbersD.roomsnumbers析 roomnumber房间号码。Room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词。类似的还有myphysicsteacher,twobusdrivers等。2. _motherscouldntgotothemeeting,becausetheyhavegonetoShanghai.A. MaryandPetersB.MaryandPeterC.MarysandPeterD.MarysandPeters析 由后半句中”they” 以及”mothers” 可知应为玛丽和皮特两个人各自的妈妈，所以各自都应该是所有格形式。3. March8this_Day.(woman).析 名词的复数如果不是以-s结尾，所有格形式加”s”；节日为专有名词，所以首字母大写。4.Wellhavea_holiday.WhataboutgoingtotheWestLake?A.twodaysB.two-dayC.two-daysD.two-days析 day是可数名词，所以两天的假期可以是”two days holiday”, 无此选项。另一种正确的表达方式为 “two-day holiday”, 此时 “two-day” 直接作”holiday” 的定语。5. _(李明和李蕾的母亲)isateacher.析 由be动词”is” ，李明和李蕾的母亲应该是一个人，是他们共同的母亲，此时的名词所有格只需要在后半部分加”s”.正确答案 C; D; Womens; B; Li Ming and Li Leis所属关系1. I dont know the homework _ today.A. on B. in C. of D. for答案：D(选择C的同学要注意of表示从属关系，要注意中文的干扰.) D. for 在此表“供应”关系,the homework for today 今天的作业books for children 儿童读物 the food for breakfast 早餐吃的食物the money for the tickets 买票的钱冠词1.Do you know university student who is talking with Joe? - Yes, she is my cousin, Kate.A. a B. an C. the D. /剖析虽然一元音字母u开头，但其前若要使用不定冠词时，则要用a. 不过此题中不能使用不定冠词，而是特指和Joe说话的那个大学生，故要选择the.举一反三1. _sunrisesin_east析The；the。第一个空用the表示太阳是世界上独一无二的物体；第二个空用the是因为在方位词的前面一般用定冠词。2.Oneafternoonhefound_handbagTherewas_“s”onthecornerof_handbagAa；an；theBa；a；theCan；an；anDthe；a；a析A。“s”虽为辅音字母，但却以元音音素e开头，故填an3._oldladywithwhitehairspoke_Englishwellat_meetingAAn；an；aBThe；anCThe；aDThe；the析 D。第一个空填the，是特指那个“白发老太太”；第二个空不填冠词，是因为在语言名称前面一般不加冠词。English后面如有language，就得说theEnglishlanguage。“在会议上”应为atthemeeting。4. _GreatWallis_longestwallintheworldAA；aBThe；theCA；theDThe；a析 B。theGreatWall长城; 后一个空是形容词最高级，前面要加”the”.5. Are_sheepkeptby_farmersforproducing_wooland_meat？析 此句意为“农民养羊是为了产毛和肉吗？”前两个空也可填定冠词，意为：“那些农民养的那些羊是为了产毛和肉吗？”正确答案 The, the; A; D; B; the, the, /, /2. will begin on September 1st. A. At school B. A school C. The school D. School剖析 答案为D。这里的school应看作不可数名词泛指学校的课程，即开学之意。要注意，有些活动场所当表达正在从事该种活动时不要加冠词拓展：In hospital 住医院 in the hospital 在医院工作或去看望病人at school 上学 at the school 在学校工作或办事at table 吃饭 at desk 学习 at church 作礼拜冠词分为不定冠词a，an、定冠词the和零冠词三种，零冠词指的是不用冠词的情况。不定冠词表示泛指，指某种事物中的任何一个，而定冠词表示特指，相当于this或that。1. 加冠词的情况：表示特指的人或事物指谈话双方都熟悉的人或事物复述前面提到过的人或事物表示世界上独一无二的事物用在表示方位的名词前面在序数词和形容词最高级的前面常用在乐器名称的前面用在江河、海洋、山脉等名称的前面。用在姓氏之前表示一家人same之前一般用the2. 一些不用冠词的情况：专有名词和一些不可数名词时前面通常不用名词前已有指示、物主或不定代词作定语时不用周名，月名或季节名前一般不用复数名词表示人或事物的类别时不用三餐饭前不用节、假日前一般不用球类名词前不用城市的重要/主要建筑物名称前不用举一反三：1. Howabouttaking_shortbreak？Iwanttomake_call. Athe;a Ba;the Cthe;the Da;a2. Thereis_oldbike_oldbikeisMrZhaos Aan；The Bthe；An Ca；The Dthe；The3. Wecantsee_sunat_night Athe；the Bthe； Ca； D；4. _GreatWallis_longestwallintheworld AA；a BThe；the CA；the DThe；a5. ThemuseumisquitefarItwilltakeyouhalf_hourtogetthereby_bus Aan； Ban；a Ca； D；连词1. She didnt come to school _ she was ill.A. because for B. because C. because of D. so正确答案B析表示原因， because后跟句子，because of后跟名词、代词、动名词、what 从句等。举一反三1. He is called Mitch, _ his name is Mitchell. 2. We could see him wasting away _ hisillness.3. I am angry _ what you said.4. Becausehewasill,sohedidntgotoschool.（判断正误）5. Times have changed, _ we need to change with them.正确答案1. because 2. because of 3. because of 4.错。用英语表达“因为，所以”时，用了because就不能再用so，用了so就不能再用because。Because跟原因，so 跟结果。 5. So2. He hasnt heard from his friend _ last month.A. since B. by the end of C. for D. until答案: A (选择B的同学要注意B选项为过去完成时的时间;选择C的同学要注意, for+时间段; 选择D的同学要注意不是notuntil 句型.until+ 句子)3. Dont hurry. The bus wont start _ everybody gets on.A. since B. as C. until D. when答案: C (选择D的同学要注意前面是否定.)not until/until两者皆可接延续性动词和暂短性动词.一、not.until指的是“直到.才”的意思,如 I did not go home until my mother called me.我直到我妈妈打电话给我才回家.not until的倒装与强调结构1.当Not until位于句首时,句子要倒装.其结构为:Not until+从句/表时间的词+助动词+(主句)主语+谓语+.如:Not until the teacher came in did the students stop talking.直到老师进来学生们才停止讲话.Not until next week will the sports meet be held.直到下周才开运动会.2. not until的强调结构为:It is / was not until+从句/表时间的词+that+.上面两句改为强调句为:It was not until the teacher came in that the students stopped talking.It is not until next week that the sports meet will be held.直到我结婚的时候,我才有钱买了自己的房子.It was not until I got married that I could afford to buy a house of my own.而until指“直到”.例如：Go alone the street until you see the traffic light.往前走,直到你看见交通灯.举一反三1.（ ）Manystudentsdidntrealizetheimportanceofstudy_theyleftschool.A.whenB.untilC.asD.After【解析】B. not.until 直到.才2.()Theteacherdidnotleavetheschool_allthestudentshadgonehome.A.whileB.soC.untilD.as【解析】C3.()Itisdifficultforustolearnalessoninlife_weveactuallyhadthatlesson.A.whenB.afterC.sinceD.Until【解析】D4. （ ）The left-behind kids (留守儿童)cant see their parents _ the parents comeback home from work.A. but B. until C. or D. if【解析】B5. （ ）Excuse me. Is it my turn now? Not yet. Please wait on the chair _ your name is called.A. and B. until C. although D. Since【解析】B4. I didnt buy the dictionary yesterday _ my aunt would give me one.A. until B. because C. if D. before答案: B (选择A的同学要注意语境)5.Im going to look for another job _ the company offers me more money.A. after B. unless C. when D. for答案: B ( 选择其它三项的同学要注意语境, 这里是指除非公司给我更多工资,否则我就要找其它工作.)after和unless区别I wont tell them anything ( ) you allow me to do it.unless在意义上相当于ifnot，因此在有些场合ifnot可为unless所代替。但在有些场合又不能互换，我们要注意下面几种情况：1.当ifnot引导非真实条件分句时，一般不可改用unless。 例如：If she had not had an alarm clock,she would have missedthe train.（事实：她有闹钟。）如果把上述例句中的ifnot换成unless，意义就相反了。（误）Unless she had had an alarm clock, she would havemissed the train.（事实：她没有闹钟）2.Ifnot引导的条件分句可以重叠使用，unless则不可， 因为unless表示唯一条件。例如：She wont lose weight if she doesnt keep a diet and ifshe does not take exercise every day.3.unless引导的分句可用否定结构，而ifnot 引导的分句不可再否定。例如：Dont ask me to explain unless you really dont understand.The directors have a meeting every Friday,unless there is nothing to discuss.以上两例句中的unless不可换成ifnot。4.在unless引导的肯定形式的条件分句中， 通常用肯定词（即some,already,still,too,as well等），在ifnot引导的分句中，通常用非肯定词（即any,yet,ever,either,at all等）。例如：I will criticize you if you havent spoken to her yet.I will criticize you unless you have already spoken to her.（误）unless you have spoken to her yet.不过在否定形式的非真实条件分句中，ifnot 结构仍能与肯定词连用。例如：If he hadnt already prepared his lesson, he wouldnt beallowed to go.（因为这种从句表面上是否定，实际上是肯定。）5.在间接引语中，当if=whether，意为“是否”，unless 不可以代替ifnot。例如：She promised to let me know if she wasnt coming.6.当unless含有“除了”的意思，不可为ifnot所替代。例如：He never stammers,unless when he is angry.( unless when=except when)Nothing will come out of it, unless disaster.(unless=except)7.当主句是疑问句时，不可用unless代替ifnot。 因为unless用在A情况发生，必导致B结果之类的复合句中。例如：What shall we do it they dont reply to our letters?8.当主句谓语是be某些形容词或分词，如：glad,surprised,disappointed,satisfied,ashamed,delighted和pleased等， 不可用unless代替ifnot。例如：Ill be really surprised if they dont come to the meeting.Ill be quite glad if she doesnt join them.之所以不能为unless代替，是强调否定条件的出现，表明在这种前题下的因果关系。以上条件状语从句都可变为原因状语从句。例如：Ill be really surprised that they wont come to the meeting.这里if被that代替了，而从句的否定结构不变。综上所述，unless既等于ifnot，在某些场合又不相等， 因此要牢记它们之间的差别，准确地使用它们。举一反三1. Yourdreamwontcometrue_youknowwhatyourdreamis.A. afterB.unlessC.whileD.since【解析】B.考点分析:unless“除非”，除非你知道自己的梦想是什么，否则你的梦想将不会实现。2. A good storyteller must be able to hold his listenerscuriosity （好奇心） _ he reaches the end of the story. A. when B. unless C. after D. Until【解析】D。不少同学可能会误选unless，引导条件状语从句，但根据语境可知，该空表示“直到”，强调时间的延续，应用until引导时间状语从旬。3. Insummer,foodgoesbadeasily_itisputintherefrigerator.A. untilB.ifC.unless D.since【解析】C。Unless 除非4. Wouldyouliketogobikeridingwithustomorrow? -Sure,_Iambusy.A. sinceB.unlessC.whenD.Until【解析】B。考查unless引导的条件状语从句。由关键词Sure可推断我会和你们一起自行车旅行的，除非我很忙，故排除A、C、D三项，选B。5.Youll miss the train _ you hurry up.A. unless B. as C. if not D. until【解析】此题应选 A。容易选C。其实C只是词序不对，若改为.if you dont hurry up 也是对的。在许多情况下，连词until与if.not同义，且可换用(表示一种否定的条件)。6._ the maths problem is difficult, Ill try very hard to work it out.A. Though B. When C. Before D. After答案：A(选择B的同学要注意语境.不能说当题目难的时候，我将努力.而是说尽管题目难，但我将努力解决.)举一反三：1Icantunderstandthissentence_therearenonewwordsinit.A.ifB.becauseC.thoughD.as考查知识点：连词though疑难点：不知道though是什么意思解析：此句意为“我不明白这句话_没有一个新单词在里面”。由句意可知，此为让步状语句。though意为“尽管”，可用来引导让步状语从句，符合。答案：C2.Youllbelate_youdontgetupearlytomorrowmorning.A.ifB.whenC.beforeD.until考查知识点：连词if引导的条件状语从句疑难点：if引导的条件状语从句，主句与从句的时态问题解析：根据语境，可知if适合，故选A答案：A3._yougoacrosstheroad,youmustbecareful.A.SinceB.AfterC.WhenD.Before考查知识点：由连词when引导的时间状语从句疑难点：理解语境解析：由语境可知：当你过马路时，你必须要小心，C符合答案：C4.Duringtheearthquake,manybuildingsfelldown._thepeopletheretheredidntgiveuphope.A.AndB.SoC.OrD.But考查知识点：连词but的用法疑难点：连词but表转折关系解析：根据意境，可判断前后句为转折关系，故but适合答案：D5.Helpotherswheneveryoucan_youllmaketheworldanicerplacetolive.A.andB.orC.unlessD.but考查知识点：连词and疑难点：and为联和连词，用以连接句中的并列成分解析：根据意境，可知前后两句为并列关系，故用and答案：A7.Because he was ill yesterday，so he didnt go to work. （）Because he was ill yesterday，he didnt go to work. （）He was ill yesterday，so he didnt go to work. （）析 用though/although，but表示虽然，但是 或用because，so 表示因为，所以时，though和but 及because和so 都只能择一而用，不能两者同时使用。同时，although比though语气更重，常用于句首更正式；though可以作为副词用逗号隔开，放在句尾。举一反三：（1）翻译：尽管我很累，我依旧喜欢英语。A.Although Im tired, I still love English. B.Im tired ,but I still love English.解析：although,but和though,but不可同时出现。（2） 选择：（ ）_it rained heavily,_ the farmers still went on working.A. Although;but B.Though; but C. Although;/ D. although;but 正确答案：C解析：Although和but不能同时用，同时although比though更正式。（3）填空：那工作辛苦,不过,我感到愉快。The work was hard. I enjoyed it, _.正确答案：though解析：though可以用逗号隔开，放在句尾，表示“然而，不过”，做副词使用。（4）（ ）There are no buses,_youll have to walk. A. so B.or C.but D.for 正确答案: A解析: 句意为因为没有公车了，所以你得步行。Because和so不能同时用，所以这题选so。（5）He looks honest,_ hes a rogue(无赖)。正确答案: but解析: althoughbut不能同时用。Day 2代词1. Some people like to stay at home, but _ like to go to the cinema.A. another B. other C. others D. other one答案：C2.Is this your shoe? Yes, but where is _?A. the other one B. other one C. another one D. the others答案: A (选择C的同学要注意鞋是两只, another指的是三者或者三者以上)3.Robert has gone to _ city and hell be back in a week.A. other B. the other C. another D. any other答案：C（选择其它三项的同学要注意，这里没有说只有两座城市，因此不能用.）4. - What do your parents do?- One is a teacher; _ is a driver.A. other B. another C. the other D. that one答案: C (选择其它三个选项的同学要注意, one is , the other is 的用法)析1.Other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如：Doyouhaveanyotherquestion(s)? 2.Theother指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用theother。如：Hehastwodaughters.Oneisanurse,theotherisaworker. 3.Others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如：Someofuslikesinginganddancing,othersgoinforsports. 4.Another既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如：Idont likethisone.Pleaseshowmeanother.the other, others, the others, another。它们的用法现归纳如下； 1. other可作形容词或代词，做形容词时，意思是“别的，其他”，泛指“其他的（人或物）”。如： Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗？ Ask some other people. 问问别人吧！ Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里。2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时，只能用the other，不能用another，此时的other作代词。如： He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿，一个是护士，另一个是工人。 the other后可加单数名词，也可加复数名词，此时的other作形容词。如： On the other side of the street，there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边，有一棵大树。 Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多。 He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸。 3.others是other的复数形式，泛指“另外几个”，“其余的”。在句中可作主语、宾语。如： Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞，其余的从事体育活动。 Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧！ There are no others. 没有别的了。 4.the others意思是“其他东西，其余的人”。特指某一范围内的“其他的（人或物）”。是the other的复数形式。如： Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园，其余的留在家里。 the others=the other 复数名词，这在第2条中已经有所介绍。 5.another，既可作形容词，也可作代词，只能用于三个或更多的人或物，泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”，只能代替或修饰单数可数名词。如： I dont like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个，请给我看看另一个。 I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿。一个是护士，另一个是教师，还有一个是工人一、泛指“另一个”，用another eg.I still remember my old friends in my hometown.One is Lucy,another is Mary.二、指一定范围内的两个人（物），一个用one，另一个用the othereg. I have two American friends.One is a doctor,the other is a teacher.三、一定范围内的三个人（物），一个用one，另一个用one或another，第三个用the other或the third.eg.There are 3 pencils.One is for you,one/another is for her,the other/third is for me.四、一定范围内的众多人（物）或其余的人或物用the othersThere are 6 students in the classroom.One is girl,the other are boys.五、泛指别的人或物用othersThink more for others.other:形容词词性，别的，另外的（人或者事）,他强调的是区别于已经提到或者暗指的人或者事。例如：Other people may disagree but I feel the whole thing has gone far enough the other:与单数名词连用，指两者中的另一个，例如：Hold the bottle and pull the cork out with the other hand (握住瓶子，另一只手把瓶塞）；与复数名词连用，指其余的，剩下的（人或者事），例如：The other students in my class are from Italy ( 我们班其余的同学都是意大利人） others：代词，其他的，另外的人或者事，它一般跟some 连用 例如：Some came by car,others came on foot another: 又一，再一，另一，他强调的是单数，跟单数名词连用。例如：can you give me another one? other和some对比使用时, 是“有些”的意思而不是做“其他”讲, 如:Some cleaned the windows, others mopped the floor. 有的擦窗户, 有的擦地板。the others是“其余的”意思, 表示在一个范围内的其他全部, 如: This dictionary is better than the others. 这本字典比别其余的好。the other是其中的“另一个”, 如:Give me
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