英语句子成分分析

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,句子成分,定义,：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有,主要成分,和,次要成分,；,主要成分,：主语和谓语,次要成分,：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语,1.,I,met,my best,friend,Tom,at the station yesterday,.,主语,谓,语,定语,宾,语,同位语,状,语,主语（,subject,）,句子说明的人或事物,Jane,is good at playing the piano.,She,went out in a hurry.,Four,plus four is eight.,To see,is to believe.,Smoking,is bad for health.,The young,should respect the old.,What he has said,is true.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（不定式）,（动名词）,（名词化的形容词）,（句子）,找出句中主语,The sun rises in the east.,Twenty years is a short time in history.,The poor are now living in the shelter.,Seeing is believing.,To see is to believe.,He likes dancing.,What he needs is a book.,It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.,（名词）,（代词）,（数词）,（动名词）,（不定式）,（句子）,(,名词化的形容词）,（,It,形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）,谓语,说明主语的动作、状态和特征,简单谓语,:,由,动词,或,动词词组,组成,I,saw,the flag on the top of the hill?,He,looked after,two orphans.,复合谓语,由,情态动词或助动词,+,动词,;,He,can speak,English well.,She,doesnt seem,to like dancing,英语中按动词后可否直接跟宾语，分成不及物动词与和及物动词。,及物动词,(,vt,.),：,及物动词后必须跟有动作的对象（即宾语），并且可直接跟宾语。,如：,He reached Paris.,不及物动词（,vi.,）,：不及物动词后不能,直接跟有动作的对象（即宾语）。若要,跟宾语，必须先在其后加上某个介词。,如,:Look!She is singing.,Look at me carefully!,类似的还有：,agree,go,work,listen,look,come,die,belong,fall,exist,rise,arrive,sit,sail,hurry,fail,succeed.,误：,deal a problem,正：,deal with a problem,处理问题,误：,depend sb.,正：,depend on sb.,依靠（依赖）某人,误：,insist doing sth.,正：,insist on doing sth.,坚持要做某事,易误用作及物动词的,9,个不及物动词：,误：,knock the door,正：,knock on at the door,敲门,误：,operate sb.,正：,operate on sb.,为某人做手术,误：,participate sth.,正：,participate in sth.,参加某事,误：,refer sth.,正：,refer to sth.,查阅（参考,),某物,误：,rely sb./sth.,正：,rely on sb./sth.,依靠（依赖）某人,某物,误：,reply a letter,正：,reply to a letter,回信,Show your passport,please.,She didnt say anything.,How many do you want?-I want two.,They sent the injured to hospital.,They asked to see my passport.,I enjoy working with you.,Did you write down what he said?,（名词）,(,代词）,(,数词,),(,名词化的形容词,),(,三,),宾语,动作的对象或承受者,及物动词或介词的宾语,（不定式）,（动名词）,（句子）,宾语分为,直接宾语,和,间接宾语,.,He gave,me,some books,.,间接,宾语,直接,宾语,please pass,me,the book.,He bought,his girlfriend,some flowers,.,常见跟双宾语动词,可接双宾语的38个常用动词,(1)双宾语易位时需借助介词to的常用动词,award sb.sth.=award sth.to sb.颁奖给某人,bring sb.sth.=bring sth.to sb.把某物带给某人,hand sb.sth.=hand sth.to sb.把某物递给某人,lend sb.sth.=lend sth.to sb.把某物借给某人,mail sb.sth.=mail sth.to sb.把某物寄给某人,offer sb.sth.=offer sth.to sb.将某物给某人,owe sb.sth.=owe sth.to sb.欠某人某物,pass sb.sth.=pass sth.to sb.把某物递给某人,pay sb.sth.=pay sth.to sb.付给某人某物（钱）,post sb.sth.=post sth.to sb.把某物寄给某人,return sb.sth.=return sth.to sb.把某物还给某人,send sb.sth.=send sth.to sb.把某物送给某人,sell sb.sth.=sell sth.to sb.把某物卖给某人,serve sb.sth.=serve sth.to sb.拿某物招待某人,show sb.sth.=show sth.to sb.拿某物给某人看,take sb.sth.=take sth.to sb.把某物拿给某人,(2)双宾语易位时需借助介词for的常用动词,book sb.sth.=book sth.for sb.为某人预定某物,buy sb.sth.=buy sth.for sb.为某人买某物,choose sb.sth.=choose sth.for sb.为某人选某物,cook sb.sth.=cook sth.for sb.为某人煮某物,fetch sb.sth.=fetch sth.for sb.为某人去取某物,find sb.sth.=find sth.for sb.为某人找到某物,fix sb.sth.=fix sth.for sb.为某人准备某物,get sb.sth.=get sth.for sb.为某人拿来某物,make sb.sth.=make sth.for sb.为某人做某物,order sb.sth.=order sth.for sb.为某人订购某物,pick sb.sth.=pick sth.for sb.为某人采摘某物,prepare sb.sth.=prepare sth.for sb.为某人准备某物,save sb.sth.=save sth.for sb.为某人留某物,sing sb.sth.=sing sth.for sb.为某人唱某物（歌）,spare sb.sth.=spare sth.for sb.为某人让出某物,steal sb.sth.=steal sth.for sb.为某人偷某物,（四）表语,在,系动词,后的部分就是表语,The war was,over.,They seem,to know the truth,.,Time is,precious,.,Im not,quite myself,today.,That remains,a puzzle,.,I dont feel,at ease,.,系动词,1,）,状态系动词,（,be,动词）,例如：,He is a teacher.,2,）,持续系动词,keep,remain,stay,例如：,He always kept silent at,the meeting.,他开会时总保持沉默。,3,）,表像系动词,seem,appear,look,例如：,He looks tired.,他看起来很累。,4,）,感官系动词,feel,smell,sound,taste,例如：,This kind of cloth feels very soft.,这种布手感很软。,5,）,变化系动词,become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.,例如：,He became mad after that.,自那之后，他疯了。,6,）,终止系动词,prove,turn out,表达,“,证实,”,，,“,变成,”,之意,例如：,The rumor proved false.,这谣言证实有假。,注意：系动词不用于被动语态,.,（五）定语,修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句,He is a,clever,boy.,His father works in a,steel,factory.,There are,54,students in our class.,Do you know,bettys,sister?,He bought some,sleeping,pills.,His,spoken,language is good.,(,形容词,),(,名词,),(,数词,),(,名词的所有格,),(,动名词,),(,过去分词,),定语后置：,如果定语是由,一个单词,表示时，通常要前置。而由,一个词组或一个句子,表示时，通常则后置,The girl,in red,is his sister.,The girl,standing under the tree,is his daughter.,Do you know the man,who spoke just,now,?,（六）状语,状语的功用：状语说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等。,I will be back,in a while,.,They are playing,on the playground,.,He was late,because he got up late,.,He got up so late,that I missed the train,.,I waited,to see you,.,He often went to school,by bus,.,His parents died,leaving him an orphan,.,Please call me,if it is necessary,.,This book is,very,interesting.,I found the book,interesting,.,Do you smell something,burning,?,He made himself,known to them,.,（六）宾语补足语,有些,及物动词,除了有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补足语，说明宾语的身份和状态以补充其意义不足，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有：,make,consider,ca