非谓语之分词和动名词

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,非谓语动词,1,什么是非谓,语动词啊？,“非谓语非谓语”,就是不是谓语的动词呗!,那不是谓语,是什么呢？,。,英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构,如果出现更多动词：,加连词（and / but / so）,放入从句,变为非谓语动词,主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语,主,谓,宾,定,状,补,2,The,famous,doctor,give,birth to a baby,helped,the,pregnant,woman,last Friday.,to,The,pregnant,woman,to give,birth to a baby,was helped,last Friday.,定,状,补,主,非谓语,不定式 (to) do,分词,动名词（-ing),过去分词(-ed),现在分词(-ing),非谓语动词分类,动词,-ing形式,不,定,式,主语,宾语,表语,宾补,定语,状语,动,名,词,主语,宾语,表语,定语,分,词,表语,宾补,定语,状语,现在分词与过去分词,的区别,非谓语动词复习,1、作定语时,单个的分词作定语时一般前置（位于被修饰的词之前），分词短语作定语时后置。,Do you know the,crying,boy?,Do you know the boy,crying under the tree,?,We are trying our best to catch up with the,developed,country.,The students are discussing a book,written by LuXun.,1、作定语时,The meeting,held last week,is very important.,2.,Tell,the children,playing there,not to make so much noise.,3.,They lived in,a room,facing,the south,.,4.,I hate to see,letters,written,in pencil,.,被动关系,被动关系,主动关系,主动关系,Whats the difference between -ing and ed form used as an attributive?,Reflection 1,现在分词作定语表示动作,正在发生,或与谓语动作同时（或基本同时）发生，与所修饰的词是,主动关系或主谓关系,及物动词的过去分词作定语表,完成或被动,的动作，与所修饰的词是,被动关系或动宾关系,；不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成不表被动,的动作。,Tips,a retired worker 退休工人,练习,1. Mrs.White showed her students some old maps _ from the library.（10 全国1）,to borrow B. to be borrowed C. borrowed D. borrowing,2. There is a great deal of evidence _ that music activities engage different parts of the brain.,（,09,浙江）,A. indicateB. indicating,C. to indicateD. to be indicating,3. With the governments aid, those _ by the earthquake have moved to the new settlements.,（,09,上海）,A. affect B. affecting C. affected D. were affected,4. (2008上海卷) Throughout history, the language _ by a powerful group spreads across a civilization,A. speaking B. spoken,C. to speak D. to be spoken,5(2011 江苏）Recently a survey _ prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused heated debate among citizens.,Acompared Bcomparing,Ccompares Dbeing compared,2、作表语时（跟在系动词后）,现在,分词多表示主语所具有的,特征,或,属性,；,过去,分词多表示主语所处的,状态,。现在分词表示“,令人的,”，过去分词表示“,感到,”.常见的分词有：,amazed / amazing, excited / exciting, bored / boring, annoyed / annoying, interested / interesting, pleased / pleasing, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, worried/ worrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusing,例如：,The news was,exciting,.,He appeared,satisfied,with my answer.,练习,It is believed that if a book is_ ,it will surely,_the reader.(03上海),A.interested ; interest,B. interesting ; be interested,C. interested ; be interesting,D. interesting ; interest,3、作宾语补足语时,取决于分词与宾语的关系：,主动,关系，用doing,被动,关系，用done。 例如,1.I found,them,painting,the windows,.,2.,I found,the windows,painted,.,主动关系,被动关系,（现在分词表,主动、进行,）,（过去分词表,被动、完成,）,练习：,1. They use computers to keep the traffic,smoothly. （09全国2）,being run B. run C. to run D. running,3. (2007,上海卷,)After a knock at the door, the child heard his mothers voice _ him.,A. calling B. called C. being called D. to call,4.(2005天津卷)You should understand the traffic rule by now. Youve had it _ often enough. A. explaining B. to explain,C. explain D.explained,5. (2007 福建卷) Jenny hopes that Mr. Smith will suggest a good way to have her written English _in a short period.,A.improved B.improving,C.to improve D.improve,6（2011江苏） You look upset. Whats the matter？, I had my proposal _ again.,Aturned over Bturned on Cturned off Dturned down,4、作状语时,Seen,from the moon,the earth,looks like a blue ball.,Seeing,nobody at home ,he,left.,被动关系,主动关系,分词的选取,：,取决于分词与句子主语的关系：,主动关系,，用 doing,被动关系,，用 done,练习：,1. It rained heavily in the south,_serious flooding in several provinces.（10天津）,caused B. having caused,C. causing D. to cause,2 _the city center, we saw a stone statue of about 10 meters in height.,（,10,上海）,Approaching B. Approached,C. To approach D. To be approached,3. _at my classmates faces, I read the same excitement in their eyes.,（,10,北京）,A. Looking B. Look C. To look D. Looked,1,.,_ in the queue for half an hour , Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home (04 北京),A.To wait B.Have waited,C.Having waited D.To have waited,注意,2).现在分词的,一般式,与,完成式,：,一般式,：,doing,表示非谓语动作与谓语动作几乎同时发生。,完成式,：,having done,表示非谓语动作与谓语动作有着先后顺序 。,分析,：,句意：这位生意人因遭受了重大损失，便失去了把生意进展下去的勇气。分词的动作先于谓语的动作，所以使用了完成式,练习,1.(2005全国卷I) The storm left ,_a lot of damage to this area. A. caused B. to have caused,C. to cause D. having caused,例如：,Having suffered such heavy loss, the businessman didnt have the courage to go on .,3._ the programme, they have to stay there for another two weeks .(04 广东),ANot completing,B. Not completed,C. Not having completed,D. Having not completed,练习,1.Watching television ,_ .(05 全国,),A. the doorbell rang,B. the doorbell rings,C. we heard the doorbell ring,D. we heard the doorbell rings,2. Faced with a bill for $ 10,000,.（06陕西）,AJohn has taken an extra job,Bthe boss has given John an extra job,Can extra job has been taken,Dan extra job has been given to John,3).分词作状语的基本原则：,分词作状语时， 分词的,逻辑主语,必须与句子的主语,保持一致,。当非谓语动作的主语不是句子的主语时，必须加上其自己的逻辑主语，这种结构成为,独立主格结构,。如：,Spring,coming, the fields are full of life.,再如：,The boss,being ill, the meeting was put off.,Weather,permitting,we will go out for a spring outing.,因为,coming,的逻辑主语，并不是,the fields,，应补上它的逻辑主语,spring,，,练习：,1. Many students _ around, I explained the story into details.（07 重庆）,A. stood B. standing,C. to stand D. were standing,2.There _ nothing to talk about , every one in the room remained silent .,A. was B. had C. being D. having,3. Everything _ into consideration , they believed themselves more and returned to their position.,A. to taken B. taken C. to be taken D. taking,5）独立成分作状语,有些分词作状语时，起形式的选用不收上下文的影响，称作独立成分或插入语。常见的有：,generally / frankly/ strictly speaking,一般而言/坦率地说/ 严格地说,judging from /by,根据来判断,considering / taking into consideration,考虑到；鉴于,supposing / providing,/provided that 如果,compared with/to,与相比,例如, Judging from his accent ,he is from the south ., Considering your health , you d better have a rest,.,非谓语动词解题,四大步骤,（一）分析句子结构,辨别“谓语与非谓语”（如果是非谓语，判断所充当的成分）,_many times , but he still couldnt understand it .,2. _many times , he still couldnt understand it .,A. Having been told B. Being told,C. He had been told D.Though he was told,C,_,A,注意连词,3.It _ a hot day,wed better go swimming,.,4. _ a rainy day ; we decided not to go there.,is B. to be C. being,D.It,being E. It was F. been,C,E,注意标点符号,非谓语动词虽不能作谓语，但仍具有动词特点，其逻辑上的动作执行者就叫做逻辑主语,。,（二）找逻辑主语,1.Walking along the street one day, she saw,a little girl running up to her.,2.She is reading a book found on the way.,3.Most of the artists invited to the party were,from South Africa.,4. Convinced of the truth of the reports, he,told his colleagues about it.,一,般来说，作状语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是句子的主语；,作宾补的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是宾语；,作定语的非谓语动词的逻辑主语是被修饰词。,A.to take B. taking,C. to be taken D. taken,D,B,Everything,they,1._ everything into consideration,they ought to have another chance.,2.Everything _into consideration,they ought to have another chance.,（三）分析语态,分析语态就是在确定逻辑主语之后，分析非谓语动词,和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动还是被动关系。,“,You cant catch me !” Jane shouted, _ away.,A. run B. running,C.to,run D. ran,2. _ in the mountains for a week,the two students were finally saved by the,local police.,A. Having lost B. Lost,C. Being lost D. Losing,Jane,the two students,（,四）,分析时态,1. The building _now will be a restaurant .,2. The building _ next year will be a restaurant .,3. The building _last year is a restaurant.,having been built,B.to,be built,C.being built,D. built,_,C,_,B,_,D,二. 找逻辑主语,三、分析语态,四、分析时态,一. 辨别“谓与非谓”,三. 非谓语动词解题步骤,方法总结：,谓非谓，找主语，析语态，定时态,Good-bye!,