专项语法突破特殊句式

单击此处编辑母版文本样式,选修7,Module 1Module 3,外研版,高考英语总复习,专项语法突破(十三),外研版,选修7,高考英语总复习,专项语法突破(十三)特殊句式,一、考点分布,高考特殊句式考点统计表,考点,题量,年份,倒装句,强调,反意疑,问句,省略句,及其他,2011,3,3,1,1,2010,5,2,0,2,2009,10,1,4,9,合计,18,6,5,12,(2)主谓一致主要考查,并列主语的主谓一致,数词与量词作主语时的主谓一致,从句中的主谓一致,(3)祈使句主要考查,根据句式特点判断是祈使句还是状语成分,祈使句and/or结构分句,(4)感叹句主要考查,what与how引导的感叹句的区别,感叹句的语序,(2)表示方式或方位的副词或介词短语，如here, there, up, down, in, away, off, out, in the room, on the way等，置于句首。如：,Out rushed the children.,孩子们冲了出去。,South of the river lies a small factory.,一个小型工厂坐落在河的南岸。,In a lecture hall of a univeristy in England sits a professor.,在英格兰一所大学的讲堂里坐着一位教授。,(3)such置于句首时。如：,Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man and the 20th centurys greatest scientist.,这就是艾伯特爱因斯坦，一个简单的人，也是20世纪最伟大的科学家。,Such are the facts, no one can deny them.,这就是事实，没有人能否认他们。,此句型中的such多被认为是表语。所以，such后的be动词应与其后的,“,真正的主语,”,保持一致。,只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子，叫部分倒装句。这类句型主要有：,2部分倒装,Only in this way can we learn English well.,只有以这种方法，我们才能学好英语。,only修饰状语从句时，从句不倒装。如：,Only when did he return did we find out the truth.(,),Only when he returned did we find out the truth. (,),only修饰主语时，句子不倒装。如：,Only can he answer the question. (,),Only he can answer the question. (,),(2)not only.but also引导并列分句，且not only放于句首时，not only引导的句子倒装，but (also)句子不倒装。如：,Not only will help be given to people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for people who need it.,不仅要给那些找工作的人提供帮助，而且也要给那些需要的人提供医疗。,Never before have I seen such a moving film.,以前我从未看过这么感人的电影。,Not a single mistake did he make.,他一个错误也没犯。,Hardly do I think it possible to finish the job before dark.,在天黑之前完成这项工作我认为几乎不可能。,(4)so/such.that.句型，so/such放于句首时。如：,In such a hurry did he leave the office that he forgot to lock the door.,他离开办公室时太匆忙了，结果忘了锁门。,So clearly does he speak English that he can always make himself understood.,他说英语如此清晰目的是能被听懂。,I was afraid. (句中的I指的是说话者A),So was I. (I指的是B，此句意为：I was afraid, too.),I was afraid. (I指的是A),So you were. (you指的也是A。此句意为：Indeed you were afraid.),再比较几个句子：,He came last night, and so did I.,他昨晚来了，我也来了。,It is hot.天很热。,So it is.的确如此。,He is lazy. 他很懒。,So is she. 她也一样。,(7)., neither (或nor)be/have/助动词/情态动词主语，,也不这样。如：,Lily cant ride, neither/nor can Lucy.,莉莉不会骑车，露西也不会。,感叹句,What an interesting talk they had!,他们进行了一次多么有趣的谈话呀！,How interesting their talk is!,他们的谈话多么有趣！,b此句型中的第一个the more引导的部分相当于一个条件状语从句；第二个the more引导的部分相当于一个主句。所以，上面例句的意思实质上就是：If you work harder, you will make greater progress.,whatever, however,adj,./,ad,v,. 引导让步状语从句,Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.,无论你有什么理由，你都应当履行诺言。,However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out this evening.,无论这个问题有多难，今晚我们必须解决。,Strange as/though it seems, it is true.,尽管这事看上去奇怪，却是真的。,Exhausted as/though she was, she wasnt able to sleep.,尽管她精疲力竭，但还是睡不着觉。,谓语动词的倒装,Try as he might, he didnt pass the exam.,尽管他努力了，但考试还是不及格。,Search as they would here and there, they could find nothing in the room.,尽管他们在房子里到处寻找，但他们找不到任何东西。,状语的倒装,Much as he likes the bike, he doesnt want to buy it.,他虽然很喜欢那辆自行车，但不想买它。,Hard as I studied, I could not catch up with them.,虽然我努力学习了，但赶不上他们。,It was him that/whom we met at the school gate.(宾语),我们在学校门口见到的就是他。,It was in the park that Tom lost his watch.(状语),(2)其一般疑问句只需把is/was提前，即Is/Was被强调部分that/who其他成分。如：,It is Professor Wang who teaches you English?,教你们英语的是王教授吗？,Was it during the AntiJapanese War that he died?,他是在抗日战争期间去世的吗？,(3)它的特殊疑问句为：疑问词is/was itthat其他成分？如：,Who was it that broke the window?,打破窗户的是谁？,When was it that you called me yesterday?,你昨天给我打电话是什么时候？,What is it that you want me to do?,你要我干什么？,(4)not.until.句型的强调句,其强调句式为：It is/was not until被强调部分that其他成分。如：,He didnt go to bed until ten oclock.,It was not until ten oclock that he went to bed.,直到10点他才上床休息。,I didnt realize she was a famous film star until/till she took off her dark glasses.,It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.,直到她摘掉墨镜我才认出她是著名影星。,(5)强调句中的it与代词it,可根据能否恢复原句来判断，即把it is/was和that去掉，如果剩下的成分仍然能构成一个完整的句子，这就是强调句型，否则就不是。如：,It is there that accidents often happen.,Accidents often happen there.,在那儿经常发生事故。,以上就是强调句型，被强调成分是状语，把It is和that去掉，可还原成原来的非强调句。,It is clear that not all boys like football.,很显然并非所有男孩都喜欢足球。,去掉It is和that句子成了：Clear not all boys like football.,很显然这不是一个完整的句子，因此不是强调句型，而是由it作形式主语，真正的主语是that引导的从句。,(6)强调句型It is/was.that.；It is/was时间when/ before从句；It is时间since从句,强调句型与It is/was时间when/before从句,在It is/was时间when/before从句中，it指时间，when/before引导的时间状语从句。注意两种句型,“,时间,”,表达方式的不同。如：,It was at midnight that he got home yesterday.,昨天午夜他回到了家里。,It was midnight when he got home yesterday.,昨天他回到家里时，已经是午夜了。,第一句是强调句型，被强调的是时间状语，因此用介词短语表达；而第二句是一般句型，时间以名词的方式表达，用来作表语。,第一句为强调句型，强调的是过去的事情，用一般过去时；而第二句表示,“,从过去到现在已有多长时间,”,，用一般现在时。但强调句型同样可以用一般现在时。如：,It is two hours that he spends on English every day.,每天他花在英语上的时间为两小时。,(2)不管主句否定，还是附加问句否定，回答时只看所提到的事情是否发生。如果发生了，用肯定回答，否则用否定回答。如当对方问你You arent a teacher, are you？或You are a teacher, arent you？时，你只要听懂you和teacher两个单词即可，如果你是老师，回答Yes, I am.否则，回答No，I am not.。,意义,陈述句部分,附加疑问句部分,必,须,We must have a discussion this evening，,我们今晚需要开个讨论会，,neednt we？是不是？,You mustnt walk on the grass，,不允许踩踏草地，,must/may you？知道不知道？,一定，想必,对现在情况的推测,You must be very tired，,你一定很累，,arent you？是不是？,对过去情况推测,It must have rained last night，昨晚准是下雨了，,didnt it？,是不是？,对已经完成的情况的推测,He must have studied English for many years，他学英语一定很多年了，,hasnt he？是不是？,(2)四种情况下的反意疑问句,陈述部分含有used to的反意疑问句。其反意疑问部分用usednt或didnt均可。如：,You used to sleep with the windows open, usednt/didnt you?,你过去经常开着窗子睡觉，是吗？,陈述部分含有ought to的反意疑问句。其反意疑问部分用oughtnt或shouldnt均可。如：,He ought to attend the lecture, oughtnt/shouldnt he?,你应该参加这场演讲，是不是？,否定词或半否定词的反意疑问句。当陈述部分带有seldom, hardly, scarcely, never, few, little, nothing, nobody等否定词或半否定词时，疑问部分的动词用肯定形式。如：,He could hardly walk without a stick, could he?,没有拐杖他没法走路，是吗？,如果陈述部分含有由表示,“,否定,”,意义的前缀构成的词，其反意疑问部分一般用否定式。如：,Tom dislikes playing tennis, doesnt he?,汤姆不喜欢打网球，是吗？,Its unfair, isnt it?,这不公平，是不是？,(3)附加疑问句的主语和陈述部分的主语在人称、数上保持一致的几种情况,陈述部分主语,附加问句主语,例句,one(指人),one或he,One cant be careful enough, can he/one?,再小心也不为过，是吗？,this, that, these，those,it或they,This isnt a fast train, is it?,这不是辆快车，对吗？,everything，,anything,something，,nothing,it,Nothing happened to him, did it?,他没发生什么事，是吗？,everyone，,everybody，,someone，,somebody, no,one, nobody，,anyone，,anybody,he或they,(更常见),Nobody likes to be laughed at, does he/do they?,没人愿意被嘲笑，是吗？,不定式、动名词、,其他短语,it,Learning English well will take us a lot of time, doesnt it?,学好英语将要花费我们很多时间，对吗？,there be句型,there,There will be rain tomorrow, wont there?,明天要下雨，是吗？,There should be no problem, should there?,应该没什么问题，是吗？,(4)祈使句的反意疑问句,当陈述句部分是祈使句时，反意疑问句的助动词不用do。,共有三种情况：,祈使句后面的附加疑问句一般用will you或wont you.如：,Come in and sit down, wont you?,进来坐下，好吗？,Give me a hand, will you?,帮我个忙，行吗？,以Lets开头的祈使句，后面的附加疑问句要用shall we；而以Let us或以Let me开头的祈使句，其后的附加疑问句应用will you。如：,Lets try another way, shall we?,我们尝试另一个办法，如吗？,Let us have a go, will you?,让我们试一试，好吗？,若陈述句部分是否定的祈使句，附加疑问句除了用will you外，也可用can you。此时附加疑问必须为肯定形式。,Once (he was) a teacher, he now works in a government office.,他原来是教师，现在在政府办公室工作。(连词名词),Work hard when (you are) young, or youll regret.,少壮不努力，老大徒伤悲。(连词形容词),He looked everywhere as if(he was) in search of something.,他到处打量好像在寻找什么东西。(连词介词短语),While (I was) walking along the street, I heard my name called.,当我正在沿着大街走时，听见有人叫我的名字。(连词现在分词),The exhibition is more interesting than (it was) expected.,展览比期望的更有趣。(连词过去分词),He opened his mouth as if (he were) to speak.,他张了张嘴好像要说话。(连词不定式),当从句的主语是it，谓语动词中又含有系动词be时，可以把it和be动词一起省略。如：,Unless (it is) necessary, youd better not refer to the dictionary.,除非有必要，否则你最好不要查字典。,另外，我们还可以用so或not代替上文内容，此时可用ifso/not省略句式。如：,He may not be at home then. If so (If he is not at home), leave him a note.,那时他可能不在家。如果不在家的话，给他留个便条。,Get up early tomrrow. If not (If you dont get up early), you will miss the first bus.,明天早晨要早起床。如果不早起，你就会错过第一班公交车。,(2)不定式的省略,单独使用不定式符号to。如：,I asked him to see the film, but he didnt want to.,我请他看电影，但是他不想去。,I didnt want to there, but I had to.,我不想去那里，但不得不去。,否定形式的省略用not to。如：,If you think reading is not right, I prefer not to.,如果你认为读书不对，那么我愿意不读。,如果不定式中含有be, have, 或have been，通常保留be，have和have been。如：,Are you a worker?,你是工人吗？,No, but I used to be.,我不是，但我曾经是。,He hasnt finished yet.,他还没做完呢。,Well, he ought to have.,哦，他应该完成了。,(3)其他省略的情况,as.as possible结构。这个结构常常表达,“,尽可能,”,。如：,I drove as slowly as possible in the heavy traffic.,在交通拥挤时我尽可能慢地开车。,What if句式。这一结构用来表达,“,要是/即使,怎么办/怎么样,”,。如：,What if this plan of yours fails?,如果你们的计划失败了怎么办？,What/How about句式。What/How about常用来提出建议或征求对方意见。如：,What about going to the novies this weekend?,这个周末去看电影怎么样？,Why/Why not句式。Why/Why not常跟动词原形，用来询问为什么或为什么不，有时含有强烈建议的意味。如：,Why not go and ask the teacher for help?,为什么不去向老师寻求帮助呢？,Please dont forget to take your medicine.,请不要忘了吃药。(否定式),Do come on time this evening.,今晚务必准时到。(强调式),Do be careful!,千万要小心！(强调式),(2)祈使句and陈述句if.，主句,祈使句or陈述句if.not.，主句,如：,Work hard and you will succeed. (If you work hard, you will succeed.),努力工作，你就会成功。,Hurry up or we will be late. (If you dont hurry up, we will be late.),快点儿，否则我们就迟到了。,One more minute and I will finish it. (If you give me one more minute, I will finish it.),再待一分钟我就完成了。,(2)省略形式的感叹句,how直接修饰谓语动词：How主语谓语！,How (much) we love our motherland!,我们是多么热爱我们的祖国呀！,省略主语和谓语,What an interesting book (it is)!,多有趣的一本书呀！,How wonderful (it is)!,真棒！,(3)其他形式的感叹句,How can you be so silly!,你怎么这么傻！,The design and the colours!,多美的图案和色彩！,To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!,竟然把这样一套衣服卖给一个百万富翁！,There is a tall tree in front of the classroom.,教室前有棵高大的树。,There will be a meeting at the conference room at 8 oclock tomorrow morning.,明天上午8点在会议室有一个会议。,(2)如果有两个或两个以上的主语，谓语动词be要采用就接近一致原则。,There is a pen, two books, and many pencils on the desk.,桌子上有一支钢笔，两本书还有许多铅笔。,(3)there be结构有不同时态的形式，而且可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。,There was a meeting in our school yesterday.,昨天我们学校召开了一次会议。,There will be a new film on Sunday.,星期日将上映一部新电影。,There have been many great changes in our village since then.,自从那时到现在，我们村发生了很大变化,There cant be any mistakes in his passage.,他的文章里不可能有错误。,(4)there be结构中的谓语动词be有时可用seem to be, happen to be, be likely to be或remain, stand, lie, go, exist, follow, live, come, occur等替换。,There is likely to be something wrong with his computer.,他的电脑可能有毛病。,Once upon a time there lived an old monk in the temple.,从前，那座庙里住着一个老和尚。,(5)there be句型的非谓语形式。,There being no enough time left, we have to hurry.,(Because there is no enough time left.),时间不多了，我们得抓紧。(独立主格结构作状语),There having been no water for two days, the travelers were all very thirsty. (Because there had been no water for two days.),已经停水两天了，这些游客们都口渴得厉害。(独立主格结构作状语),What is the chance of there being an election this years?,今年举行选举的可能性有多大？(there be的动名词形式作of的宾语),I expect there to be many chances for him to get a job.,我希望他有很多机会能找到工作。(there be结构不定式形式作expect的复合宾语),It is natural there to be a generation gap between the parents and their children.,父母与孩子们之间存在代沟是很自然的事情。(there be的不定式结构作真正主语),典题示例,Could it be in the restaurant _ you had dinner with me yesterday _ you lost your handbag?,Athat; which B which; that,Cwhere; that Dthat; where,方法二：公式套用法,在有关倒装结构的知识点中，我们可以把There comes the bus与Here you are作为公式，然后推广记忆出,“,表示地点、方位的副词或介词短语位于句首要全倒装，而且代词作主语不倒装,”,这一知识点。并把它应用到做题中。,典题示例,In front of the farmhouse _.,Alay a peasant boy,Blaid a peasant boy,Clie a peasant boy,Ddid a peasant boy lie,方法三：还原法,在省略结构中，有些同学难以分辨哪一个是正确的选项，这时最好的办法就是补充到原来的句式结构。,典题示例,Dr. Black comes from either Oxford or Cambridge, I cant remember _.,Awhere Bthere,Cwhich Dthat,1(2011新课标全国)Only when he reached the teahouse _ it was the same place hed been in last year.,Ahe realized,Bhe did realize,Crealized he,Ddid he realize,2(2011福建)Its nice.Never before _such a special drink!,Im glad you like it.,AI have had BI had,Chave I had Dhad I,3(2011陕西)It is not how much we do but how much love we put into what we do_benefits our work most.,A. who B. which,C. that D. what,4(2011四川)Was it on a lonely island _ he was saved one month after the boat went down?,Awhere Bthat,Cwhich Dwhat,5(2011重庆)Have you seen the film,Under,the,Ha,w,thorn,Tree?,Of course, I have. It was in our village _ it was made.,Athat Bwhere,Cwhen Dwhich,6(2011重庆)I told them not everybody could run as fast as you did, _？,Acould he Bdidnt I,Cdidnt you Dcould they,7(2011辽宁)_a strange plant! Ive never seen it before.,AWhich BWhat,CHow DWhether,8(北京五中模拟) So _ that all the living things are dying out gradually.,Aserious polluted the lake is,Bserious polluted is the lake,Cseriously polluted the lake is,Dseriously polluted is the lake,9(天津南开模拟)We have to admit that never in the past ten years _ so greatly as today.,Adid the city change,Bthe city has changed,Chas the city changed,Dthe city had changed,10(山东临沂一模)Only when _ to explain _ the reason for this.,Adid he start; she realized,Bhe started; did she realize,Cdid he start; she had realized,Dhe started; had she realized,答案：,B,句意：只有当他开始解释时她才明白这件事的原因。only修饰状语位于句首时主句用部分倒装，从句不倒装，所以A、C两项可以排除。started to explain这一动作要早于realize这一动作，所以D项可以排除，只有B项正确。,11(海南琼海一模)How was the televised debate last night?,Super! Rarely _ so much media attention.,Adid a debate attract,Ba debate attracted,Ca debate did attract,Dattracted a debate,12(长沙四县一模)Id like to play football with you, but I have an important thing to attend to.,If you dont go, _.,Aneither do I Bso will I,Cnor will I Dso do I,13(北京重点中学模拟)_， Ill wait for you to have dinner together. Be back as early as possible.,AHowever late it is,BNo matter how it is late,CHowever it is late,DNo matter how late is it,14(江苏东台模拟)Not a single word _ when _ about his stepmother.,Ahe said; asked,Bdid he say; asked,Che said; asking,Ddid he say; asking,15(长春外国语学校模拟)It was _ back home after he finished the report.,Anot until midnight did he go,Buntil midnight that he didnt go,Cnot until midnight that he went,Duntil midnight when he didnt go,16(北京五中模拟)He dressed up and went to the party as if _.,Awas invited,Bhad been invited,Cinvited,Dto be invited,17(江西六校二模)Did anybody sign your petition?,Yes. We had a hundred signatures, _.,Aif no more Bif not more,Cif moreover Dif not larger,18(浙江五校联考)That was a very busy street that I was never allowed to cross _ accompanied by an adult.,Awhen Bif,Cunless Dwhere,19(合肥二模)Mary enjoys homemade food, so she seldom, _ eats out.,Aif never Bif any,Cif not Dif ever,20(哈尔滨六中一模)_ else in the world _ in London can you experience 4 seasons in a single day.,AEverywhere; rather than,BEverywhere; other than,CNowhere; rather than,DNowhere; other than,21(浙江六校一模)It is the discovery of Cao Caos tomb, _ was made in Anyang, Henan Province, _ has received widespread attention.,Awhere; which Bwhere; that,Cthat; which Dwhich; that,22(山西师大附中一模)He had little idea that it was getting so late, _？,Adidnt he Bwasnt it,Cdid he Dwas it,23(哈尔滨九中三模)Only by shouting at the top of his voice _.,Awas he able to make himself hear,Bhe was able to make himself hear,Cwas he able to make himself heard,Dhe was able to make himself heard,24(陕西西安阎良区第二次综合训练)Hes succeeded in many fields but his wife is an ordinary woman, _？,Ais she Bisnt she,Cdoesnt he Dhasnt he,25(哈尔滨六中二模)He should have been warned of the danger.,_， but he wouldnt listen to me.,AYes, he shouldnt,BSo he should,CSo was he,DSo he was,