宾语从句全面讲解

单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,*,语法,名词性从句,之宾语从句,英语句子的种类,简单句,(simple sentence),并列句,(compound sentence),复合句,(complex sentence),英语句子概论,简单句的五种,基本,句型,The weather,is,very cold.,主语,+,谓语（连系动词）,+,表语,He,laughed,.,主语,+,谓语（,vi.,）,I,like,Chinese food,.,主语,+,谓语,(vt.)+,宾语,She,taught,them,physics,.,主语,+,谓语,(vt.)+,间接宾语,+,直接宾语,We must keep the room,warm,.,主语,+,谓语,(vt.)+,宾语,+,宾语补足语,并列句,把两个或几个简单句用,并列连词,连接起来。,I turned on the TV.My sister and I watched it.,I turned on the TV,and,my sister and I watched it.,I bought my sister a present.She didnt like it.,I bought my sister a present,but,she didnt like it.,并列句,并列句,常用并列连词,:,平行,并列连词,:,转折,并列连词：,因果,并列连词,:,选择,并列连词,:,and,bothand,not only but also,neithernor,but,however,while,yet,or,eitheror,for,so,复合句,:,主句,+,从句,名词,性从句,定语从句,状语从句,1.The boy,who is standing over there,is Tom,2.Because it is raining,we have to stay at home,定语从句,状语从句,3.I know,(that)he is from America,(,宾语从句）,名词,性从句,-,Noun Clauses,(,名词性从句,),Subject Clause,(,主语从句,),Appositive Clause,（同位语从句）,Object Clause,（宾语从句）,Predicative Clause,（表语从句）,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,在复合句,中能担任,主语、宾语、表语、同位语,等。,主语,His job,is important,.,What he does,is important,.,表语,This is,his job.,This is,what he does every day,.,宾语,I don,t like,his job,.,I don,t like,what he does every day,.,同位语,I don,t know about the man,Mr.White,.,I don,t know about the fact,that he is a teacher.,Who will win the match,is still unknown.,I want to know,what he has told you,.,The fact is,that we have lost the game,.,The news,that we won the game,is exciting.,主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,名词性从句,的作用相当于名词，因此主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。,同位语从句,宾语从句的定义,置于,动词、介词,等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。,宾语从句的语序必须是,陈述语序,。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式，,v.-ing,形式后面都能带宾语从句。,有些形容词（,afraid,sure,glad,等）之后也可以带宾语从句。,宾语从句中引导词的用法,在复合句中作主句的宾语，,引导词,有：,从属,连词：,that(that,常可省略,),whether,if,连接,代词：,who,whose,what,which,，,whom,whatever,whoever,等,连接,副词：,when,where,how,why,等。,I know him.,2.I know who he is.,主语,谓语,宾语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,宾语从句的概念：,宾语从句在复合句中作主句的,宾语,。,句子结构：,主句,+,连词（引导词）,+,宾语从句,1,）主句的谓语动词可以是,及物动词,：,2,）如果主句的谓语动词是一个带有介词的词组，那么后接的从句做,介词宾语从句,。,3,）有些,形容词后,也可以带有宾语从句。,Im afraid,(that),he wont pass the exam.,He,wondered,if,he,could,pass the exam.,They are talking,about,whether they can pass the exam.,注意：,动词,+,副词,形成的谓语动词词组后也可以带宾语从句。,一、从属连词,1.,当宾语从句是,陈述句时,（包括肯定句和否定,句），连词由,that,引导，因为,that,在从句中,不作,任何成分,，也,没有任何具体意思,，因此在口语,或非正式文体中,常省略,Lin Tao knows,(that)his own team is even better.,（肯）,She says,(that)she wont take part in the sports meeting,next Sunday,.,（否）,Jim thought(that)the train was like a big moving party.,He said(that)he would like to see the headmaster.,引导词种类,2.,当宾语从句是,一般疑问句,时，由连词,whether,或,if,引导（口语中常用,if,），因为,if/whether,翻译成：“是否”，具有一定的意义，所以不能省略,Lily wanted to know,if/whether,her grandma liked the handbag.,Lets see,if/whether,we can find out some information about that city.,It all depends on,whether,she likes the boss or not.,引导词种类,二、连接代词,which,what,whose,who,whom,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever,；连接代词在从句,中作主语、宾语、表语、定语。,I wonder,who,will teach us.,Mr.Wang asked,whose book,that was.,You can take,whatever,you like.,引导词种类,三、连接副词,where,when,why,how,等连接副词在句中作状语。,He didnt tell me,when,we should meet again.,Could you please tell me,how,you use the new panel?,None of us knows,where,these new parts can be bought.,引导词种类,带,how,的词组也都可以引导宾语从句,Could you tell us,how often,you go abroad for a holiday?,Could you tell us,how long,the meeting will last?,I dont know,how far,it is to the cinema.,Please tell us,how many,students there are in your school?,Can you tell us,how old,his brother is?,Please tell us,how soon,you will be ready.,Could you tell us,how much,it costs to fly to Hainan?,二、时态,1.,如果主句是,现在的时态,（包括一般现在时，,现在进行时，现在完成时），从句的时态可根,据,实际情况,而定，（包括一般现在时，一般过,去时，一般将来时，现在完成时等）,I know he,lives,here .,I know he,lived,here ten years ago.,I have heard that he,will come,tomorrow.,2.,如果主句是,过去的时态,（包括一般过去时，过去进行时），那么从句的时态一定要用相对应的,过去的某种时态,（包括,一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时,）,I knew who,lived,here.,I told me that she,was talking,with her mother at that time last week.,He asked whether his father,would come,back,the next day.,He said that he,had seen,it before.,3.,当从句是客观真理，定义，公理，定理,时用,一般现在时,。,The teacher said that the earth,travels,around the sun.,The teacher said that the world,is made up of,matter.,三、语序,宾语从句的语序用,陈述语序,：,连接词,+,主语,+,谓语,+,其他成分,1.When will he go to the library?,His brother asks when,he will go to,the library.,His brother asks when,will he go to,the library.,2.What does he want to buy?,I dont know what,he wants to,buy.,I dont know what,does he want to,buy.,3.Who are we going to meet?,Can you tell me who,we are going to,meet?,Can you tell me who,are we going to,meet?,4.Does he know French?,We want to know if/whether,he knows,French.,We want to know if/whether,does he know,French.,5.Will they go to Canada in summer?,They re not sure if/whether,they will go to,Canada in summer.,They re not sure if/whether,will they go to,Canada in summer.,1,could/would,是委婉语气，而不是过去式，因此宾语从句的时态根据实际情况用不同时态。,注意事项,Could you ple