高三英语讲座--形容词和副词

,*,单击此处编辑母版标题样式,单击此处编辑母版文本样式,第二级,第三级,第四级,第五级,高三英语讲座形容词和副词 从近年各地高考题谈起,南京市金陵中学 朱大龙,第一部分,近年各地关于形容词和副词的,高考试题分析,1.This _ girl is Lindas cousin.(05,北京,),A.pretty little Spanish B.Spanish little pretty,C.Spanish pretty little D.little pretty Spanish,答案,:A,分析,:,多个形容词的排列,:,冠词,(,物主代词、序数词、基数词）,-,描绘性形容词,-,表示形状大小的形容词,-,年龄或新旧方面的形容词,-,表示颜色、国籍、产地的形容词,-,表示材料、物质的形容词,-,指用途或类别的形容词。,2.At a rough estimate,Nigeria is _ Great Britain.(05,上海,),A.three times the size as,B.the size three times of,C.three times as the size of,D.three times the size of,答案：,D,分析：表示倍数的形式：,）,A is three times as big as B,2)A is three times the size of B,3)A is three times bigger/larger than B,3.It is generally believed that teaching is _it is a science.,（,01,全国）,A.an art much as B.much an art as,C.as an art much as D.as much an art as,答案：,D,。,分析：本题可从考查形容词的同级比较点入手。在同级比较,as,as,句式中，如果,as,后面的形容词作定语且其所修饰的名词前有不定冠词时，该冠词须置于形容词之后，即形成“,as+,形容词,+a/an+,单数可数名词,+as”,结构。这道题在名词专题中也有解析，不同的是观察视角不同，应注意培养发散思维。,.Allen had to call a taxi because the box was _ to carry all the way home.,（,03,全国）,A.much too heavy,B.too much heavy,C.heavy too much,D.too heavy much,答案：,分析：,much too+,形容词或副词,;too much+,不可数名词,.,.Mr.Smith used to smoke _ but he has given it up.(04,天津）,.seriously B.heavily C.badly D.hardly,答案：。,分析：表示烟、雾、雨、雪一般用,heavy,或,heavily,。此处指“烟瘾很重”。,6.The great success of this program has been _ due to the support given by the local businessmen.(04,广东）,.rather B.very C.quickly D.largely,答案：,.,分析：,largely,很大程度上。用来修饰形容词,due,。,be due to,归公于,；由于因为,。,7.We were in _ when we left that we forgot the airline tickets.(03,上海）,A.a rush so anxious,B.a such anxious rush,C.so an anxious rush,D.such an anxious rush,答案：。,分析：,such a(an)+adj.+n.=so+adj.+a(an)+n.,8.If it is quite _ to you,I will visit you next Tuesday.(05,天津,),A.convenient B.fair,C.easy D.comfortable,答案：,A,分析：,be convenient to,对,是方便的。,9.The more I think about him,the more reasons I find for loving him _ I did.,(05,湖南,),A.as much as B.as long as,C.as soon as D.as far as,答案：,A,分析：,as much as,尽可能多地,;as long as,只要,就,;as soon as,一,就,;as far as,就,而言。,10.It is always difficult being in a foreign country,_if you dont speak the language.(02,全国,),A.,extremely B.,naturally,C.,basically,D.,especially,答案：,D,分析：本题考查副词的词义辨析。注意掌握词语的准确含义，结合语境进行分析。,A,项意为“极端地”；,B,项意为“自然地”；,C,项“基本上”；,D,项“尤其，特别地”。根据句意“如果你不会讲（它的）语言，在国外你就总会困难重重”可知答案。,第二部分,形容词和副词的用法归纳,1,、形容词、副词的作用与位置,（,1,）形容词短语作定语，定语后置。,a language difficult to master,a leaning tower about 180 feet high,（,2,）表语形容词（,afraid,、,alike,、,alone,、,asleep,、,awake,、,alive,等）作定语，定语后置。如,a man alive,。有些表身体健康状况的形容词如,well,、,faint,、,ill,只作表语。,sick,既可作表语又可作定语，,ill,如作定语意为“,bad”,。,（,3,）用作定语，修饰由不定代词,one,、,no,、,any,、,some,和,every,构成的复合词如,anything,、,something,等时，通常后置。如：,I have something important to tell you.,（,4,）,else,常用作疑问代词和不定代词的后置定语。,（,5,）,enough,、,nearby,修饰名词前置或后置，程度副词一般位于形容词、副词前面，,enough,修饰形容词、副词时，必须后置。,（,6,）副词作定语，定语后置。如：,The person there is waiting for you.,（,7,）几个并列的形容词作定语，其语序通常为：限定语（,The,、,A,）,+,描绘性形容词,+size,（大小）,+shape,（形状）,+age,（年龄、时间）,+color,（颜色）,+origin,（国籍、来源）,+material,（材料）,+purpose,（目的）,+,名词。如：,a heavy black Chinese steel umbrella,the mans first tow interesting little red French oil paintings,（,8,）以,-,ly,结尾的词性辨析。,下列单词以,-,ly,结尾，但却是形容词而非副词：,lively,、,lonely,、,lovely,、,deadly,、,friendly,、,ugly,、,silly,、,likely,、,brotherly,、,timely,等。,表愿意（无,-,ly,）和引申意,(,有,-,ly,),的副词：,deep,深,wide,宽广,high,高,low,位置低,deeply,深入地,widely,广泛地,highly,高度地,lowly,地位卑微,有无,-,ly,意义大不相同的副词：,dead,完全，绝对,be dead asleep,deadly,非常,be deadly tired,pretty,相当,be pretty certain that,prettily,漂亮地,be prettily dressed,close,近,Dont sit close.,closely,密切地,Watch closely!,late,晚、迟,arrive late,come late,lately,最近,I havent seen him,lately(recently,).,2,、复合形容词的构成,（,1,）形容词,+,名词,+ed,kind-hearted,好心的，,white-haired,白发的,(2),形容词,+,形容词,red-hot,炽热的，,dark-blue,深蓝的,（,3,）形容词,+,现在分词,good-looking,好看的，,easy-going,随和的,（,4,）副词,+,现在分词,hard-working,勤劳的，,fast-moving,快速转动的,（,5,）副词,+,过去分词,hard-won,得来不易的，,newly-made,新建的,（,6,）名词,+,形容词,life-long,终生的，,world-famous,世界闻名的,（,7,）名词,+,现在分词,peace-loving,爱好和平的，,fun-loving,爱开玩笑的,（,8,）名词,+,过去分词,snow-covered,白雪覆盖的，,hand-made,手工的,（,9,）数词,+,名词,+ed,four-,storeyed,4,层楼的，,three-legged 3,条腿的,（,10,）数词,+,名词（名词用单数）,ten-year 10,年的,two-man,两人的,3,、形容词和副词的比较等级,（,1,）原级的构成和用法。,构成：形容词、副词的原级即本身。,用法：表示双方在程度、性质、特征等某方面相等时，用“,as+,原级形容词,/,副词,+as”,的结构；表示双方不相等时，用“,not,so(as,)+,原级形容词,/,副词,+as”,的结构；表示一方是另一方的若干倍时，用“倍数,+as+,原级形容词,/,副词,+as”,的结构。如：,Xiao Wang is as tall as Xiao Yu.,This building looks not so(,as)high,as that one.,Miss,Xu,speaks English as fluently as you.,This room is three times as large as that one.,（,2,）比较级的用法。,对方比较，表示一方超过另一方时，用“比较级,+than”,的结构表示。如：,This picture is more beautiful than that one.,表示一方不及另一方时，用“,less+,原级,+than”,的结构表示。如：,This room is less beautiful than that one.,表示一方超过另一方的程度或数量时，可在比较级前加表示程度的状语，如,even,、,a lot,、,a bit,、,a little,、,still,、,much,、,far,、,yet,、,by far,等修饰。如：,He works even harder than before.,注意：英语的比较级前如无,even,、,still,或,yet,等时，译成汉语时可用“较”或“,一些”或不译出，一般不可有“更”。如：,She is better than she was yesterday,Please come earlier tomorrow.,另注意：,by far,通常用于强调