中考英语 动词和动词短语

2018年中考英语第二轮复习专项训练学案(单项选择 动词和动词短语)一、行为动词 行为动词是能独立作谓语的动词，根据后面是否带宾语，可分为及物动词和不及物动词。 1. 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，后面要跟一个名词或代词等作宾语才能使其意思完整。 动词十宾语，如：buy some books买一些书； 动词十宾语十宾补，如：find the book interesting发现这本书有趣； 动词十间接宾语十直接宾语，如：give me some money给我一些钱。常见带双宾语的词有：give, pass, buy, offer, teach, tell等。 2. 不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整，无需接宾语。后接宾语时，必须先加介词、副词等，使其变成及物的动词短语。如： He arrives early every morning.他每天到得很早。 They are looking at the blackboard.他们在看黑板。 3. 有的动词既可作及物动词，也可作不及物动词。如：She sings very well. 她唱得很好。（sing是不及物动词） She sang an English song just now. 她刚才唱了一首英文歌。(sing是及物动词) 4. 常见行为动词辨析 spend，cost. take与pay spend指花费时间或者金钱，后接on sth或(in)doing sth；cost的主语为物，意为“值多少钱”；take表示花费多少时间，可用于固定句型It+takes/took+sb.+时间+to do sth；pay与介词for连用。如： He spends two hours in doing his homework every day.他每天花两小时做作业。 The car cost him a lot of money.这辆车花了他好多钱。 It took me half an hour to clean the room. 我花了半小时打扫房间。 I paid 40 yuan for the book.这本书我花了40块钱。 borrow，lend与keep 三者都可表示“借”，但是borrow指“借入，借进（从他人那里借某东西为自己所用）”，常用短语：borrow sth. from sb. /sp.；lend指“借出去（借给他人）”，常用短语：lend sth. to sb. /lend sb. sth.（通常跟双宾语）。区别时关键看主语，是主语借给别人就是lend，主语向别人借就是borrow; keep是延续性动词，常与表示一段时间的状语连周，表示“借多长时间”。如： My sister often borrows books from the library.我妹妹常从图书馆借书。 I lent my bike to Jim yesterday.我昨天把自行车借给杰姆了。 How long can I keep the book?这本书我能借多久？ speak, say, talk与 tellspeak意为“讲话”，着重指在会议上的演讲，或指讲某种语言等。say意为“说”，着重说的内容，用作及物动词。talk意为“谈话”，着重双方交谈。talk to/with sb about sth表示“和某人谈论某事”。tell意为“告诉”，一般接双宾语。tell a story，“讲故事”；tell a lie，“撒谎”。 如：He can speak Chinese.他能说中文。 Please say it in English.请用英语说。 They are talking about it. 他们在谈论这事。 He can tell you something about his family.他会告诉你有关他家的事。 forget与leave forget意为忘记（记忆中的东西）”。表示“遗忘”时，不能同表示地点的词语连用；leave意为“落下，遗落”，指把某物遗忘在某个地方，后接表示地点的词语。 Ive forgotten his name.我已忘了他的名字。 He left his English book at home.他把英语书忘家里了。 例题l- How long have you _ the iPad? - Only two days. I will return it to Jack this afternoon. A. bought B. had C. borrowed D. kept 【解析】D bought和borrowed都是短暂性动作，had作延续性动词意为“买”，kept作延续性动词意为“借，保留”。根据问句意思“平板电脑你借多久了？”选择延续性动词“kept”，故选C项。 例题2 Many people can not afford one house in life because it _ too much. A. spends B. costs C. pays D. takes 【解析】B句意：许多人一辈子买不起房因为房子太贵了。it指“房子”，物作主语，谓语动词要用cost表示花费。故选B项。二、连系动词 连系动词本身有词义，但不能单独作谓语，必须与表语一起构成谓语，说明主语的状态、性质、特征或身份。常见的系动词分类如下：分类例词例句be动词 am, is, are, was, were She is a girl with short hair. 她是个留短发的女孩。感官类系动词look, sound, smell, feel, tasteHis plan sounds wonderful. 他的计划听起来很棒。变化类系动词become, get, grow, go, turnHer face turned red. 她的脸变红了。状态类系动词keep, stay, remainThe shop stays open till 9 pm. 这家店开到晚上9点。 注意： 1. 系动词十形容词，构成系表结构。 2. 系动词没有被动语态，也不用于进行时态。如： 这条裙子摸起来很舒服。（汉译英） The dress feels comfortable（正确） The dress is felt comfortable（错误）例题 -Three-D printing technology could be used to build a house in less than 24 hours. - It _amazing. Its my first time to get to know the news. A. looks B. smells C sounds D. tastes 【解析】C考查感官类系动词辨析。look。看起来”；smell“闻起来”；sound“听起来”；taste“尝起来”。由后句“这是我第一次了解这个消息”可知“消息”是听起来惊人。故选C项。三、助动词助动词本身没有意义，它只是帮助主要动词构成谓语，表示疑问、否定、时态、语态等。有些单词并不是固定的助动词，如动词be、have、do等在句子中与主要动词一起构成各种时态、语态、否定句、疑问句时，才担当起助动词的作用。常见的助动词还有will, shall, would, should等。分类作用beam/is/are+现在分词现在进行时was/were+现在分词过去进行时be+过去分词被动语态do形式有do，does，did，用于构成疑问句和否定句，或用在动词原形前加强语气。havehave/has+过去分词现在完成时had+过去分词过去完成时will/shall/ would/shouldwill/shall+动词原形一般将来时would/should+动词原形过去将来时例题 -_ the exchange students _ visit the Great Wall the day after tomorrow? - Yes, they are, I think. A. Will; / B. Shall;C. Is; going to D. Are; going to 【解析】 D 根据问句中“the day after tomorrow”后答句中“they are”得知选用将来时态的“be going to”结构，主语是复数。故选D项。四、动词短语 以动词为中心构成的短语称为动词短语。动词短语的类别和用法类别用法常见的动词短语动词十介词这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语都须置于介词之后。 look for, look after, wait for, talk about, shout at, shout to, work on, hear from, think of, depend on, belong to动词十副词及物性质的短语动词后跟名词（词组）作宾语时，宾语置于副词前后均可；后跟代词作宾语时，宾语要置于副词之前。cheer up, clean up, put up, fix up, work out, give out, give away, think over, hand in, put on, try on, put away, pick up, give back动词十副词+介词这类短语动词后跟宾语时，宾语应置于介词之后。 catch up with, look forward to, keep away from, run out of, get along with, get out of, come up with, go on with 动词十名词十介词它们相当于及物动词，后面要接宾语。make friends with, pay attention to, take care of, take notice of, take part inbe十形容词十介词be good at, be interested in, be good for, be worried about动词十反身代词（+介词） 这类短语相当于及物动词，其后可按宾语 devote oneself to help oneself to, dress oneself 例题 1 Life is a journey with trouble, but with care and wisdom you can any problem you face. A work out B. hand out C. find out D. put out 【解析】A本题考查的是含有out的动介短语辨析。work out解决，算出，hand out分发，find out找出，put out扑灭，根据句意“生命就像一场有麻烦的旅行，只有用关心和智慧你才能够解决你所面对的任何问题。”本题应该选A。 例题2 -When did the first plane to Hong Kong leave? - Wait a minute. Im just _. A. turning up B. picking upC. catching up D. looking up 【解析】 D本题考查含有up的动词短语辨析。turn up“调高（音量）”；pick up“捡起，拾起”；catch up“赶上”；look up“抬头看，查找”。根据句意“去香港的第一航班什么时候走的？稍等，我查一下。”本题选D项。真题测试测试时间：30分钟 满分：80分1. Steven, go to bed now. You should _ before six tomorrow, or you will miss the plane.A. get off B. get upC. get on D. get along2. The governments should _ the use of new types of energy to make a greener world. A. push in B. push forC. put out D. put up3. - The school network will be shut down for safety reasons.- That doesnt _ me at all. Im not a net-worm, anyway.A. satisfy B. surpriseC. worry D. include4. TFBOYS songs _ sweet and many of us like listening to them.A. sound B. feelC. taste D. look5. The librarian told me that I could_ these magazines for three days.A. borrow B. buyC. keep D. return6. Helen encouraged me to speak English as much as possible because practice _ perfect. A. becomes B. becameC. will make D. makes7. UNICEF was _ in Europe in 1946, after World War II. A. put up B. turned upC. set up D. given up8. - Has Jane done the washing yet?- You cannot _ her to do such a thing.A. wantB. hopeC. expectD. wish9. - Do you know our new manager?- Yes. He _ to be a friend of my brother.A. turns upB. turns onC. turns outD. turns off10. -Oh, my God! I _my notebook in my bedroom. - It doesnt matter. Ill lend you mine. A. forget B. forgotC. leave D. left11. In the song I Bet My Life , the US rock band Imagine Dragon tells people never to _ catching their dreams.A give up B. give outC. give in D. give off12. Its important for us to protect nature because we _ its rich resources to live. A. depend on B. leave forC. give up D. lead to13. - Whats wrong with Simon? He isnt at school today. - His legs hurt. He was_ by a motorcycle this morning. A. treated B. hitC. operated D. cured14. When you _ yourself with others, you miss the wonder of who you are. A compare B. communicateC. contact D. connect15. -Where is your father, Helen?- He is trying to _ a new shower in the bathroom.A. put out B. put inC. put through D. put down16. The energy from the sun and wind is very cheap and it will never _.A. come out B. put outC. carry out D. run out17. -How long can I _ this novel Gullivers Travels ?- Only two weeks.A. borrow B. lendC. return D. keep18. The young firemen were so brave that they _ the fire and saved the children in that house.A. put in B. put onC. put out D. put up 19. -Jenny, I hear there will be an art club in our school.- Wonderful! I cant wait to_ it.A. repeat B. forgetC. receive D. join20. Lao Shes Teahouse _ the changes in Chinese society over fifty years.A. describes B. improvesC. prepares D. corrects21. Bob is taking the desks away because they _ too much room.A. stand up B. pick upC. take up D. listen up22. They walked home last night because they couldnt _ to take a taxi. A. leave B. buyC. afford D. allow23. Jane is very busy these days, for she has a lot of problems to _.A. deal with B. keep up withC. agree with D. come up with24. Soccer is a wonderful game for children. It _ great exercise, such as running and kicking.A. provides B. remainsC. practises D. receives25. -Yesterday Tommy walked past my table and _ my bowls and dishes. - He should be careful next time. A. knocked off B. took offC. showed off D. turned off26. We all know that learning a foreign language _ time and effort.A requires B. reducesC. removesD. repeats27. China is going to _a manned space station around 2020 to explore more spaceA set up B. put upC. wake up D. turn up28. A Bite of China 2 includes eight episodes. It _ the stories of more than 150 people, and over 300 types of food. A. finds B. provesC. covers D. imagines29. - What do you think of your school, Linda?- Its a good place for us to _ ourselves for the future.A. promise B. proveC. prepare D. present30. - Do you know the latest information about Flight MH370? - Ive no idea. Lets _ the TV to watch the news programme.A. turn on B. turn downC. turn up D. turn off31. Its not the right time to argue about who should be blamed. Wed better _ and find a way out as soon as possible.A stay up B. give upC. calm down D. look down32. Dont _ too late tonight, or you will feel sleepy in class tomorrow.A. get upB. put upC. stay upD. wake up33. - Your trainers _colourful.- Yes. And they are popular among young people.A. feel B. smellC. taste D. look34. You should _ smoking. Its really bad for your health.A. look up B. give upC. get up D. set up35. The 18tri Jiangsu Provincial Games will _ in September. Many students want to be volunteers.A. take place B. take partC. take action D. take care36. - What smells terrible, Ted ?- Im sorry. Ill _ my shoes and wash them at once.A. take away B. put awayC. throw away D. keep away37. I think our government should pass a law to _ food waste.A. save B. increaseC. protect D. reduce38. We all know how wonderful you are . There is no need to _.A. show off B. give upC. take care D. carry on39. The Yellow River flood large areas, but now the waters of it are used to _ energy.A .was used to; producingB. used to; producingC. was used to; produceD. used to; produce40. - The classroom is so bright now. You should _ the lights.- OK, I will.A. turn on B. turn upC. turn down D. turn off模拟测试测试时间：30分钟 满分：60分1. -It is reported that some natural resources will _ because they are used carelessly. - What a pity! Lets act to protect them right away.A. break out B. run outC. put out D. hand out2. - Look! Hes running so fast! - Hard to _ his legs were once broken.A. know B. imagineC. think D. understand3. We all know some of the polices duties are to keep order and _ the law.A. take out B. find outC. come out D. carry out4. -Why are you often dressed in white?- Because I think white can help me _ when I feel stressed.A. fall down B. calm downC. look down D. come down5. -Would you please _ the TV a little? Jack is doing his homework.- Terribly sorry, I will.A. turn up B. turn downC. turn on D. turn off6. - How was your May Day holiday?- Just so so, we drove to Hangzhou and tried to find a place for parking, but they were all_A. given up B. taken upC. stayed upD. put up Mr Johnson,7. - Mr. Johnson, would you have some more ice cream?- No, thanks. Its very good, but I have to _ my weight, you know. A. remain B. watchC. notice D. care8. - How much _the shoes?- Five dollars_ enough.A is; isB. are; is C. are; areD. is; are9. The computer system _ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A. broke down B. broke outC. broke up D. broke in10. - How much is the 3 - D TV set _ ? - Ive no idea, you can check it online. A. spent B. takenC. worth D. cost11. Its not the right time to argue about whose fault it is. Wed better _and find a way out as soon as possible.A. break down B. give upC. calm down D. look down12. Dont waste food! _ all the vegetables on the plate.A. Wash up B. Eat upC. Put up D. Clean up13. - Can I speak to Mrs Green? - Sorry, wrong number. Please _to 114 and check the number.A. put out B. put offC. put through D. put away14.- What are you going to do for the School Day?- We11_ a new play.A. put out B. put offC. put into D. put on15. Wearing white can help people _ when they feel stressedA. fall down B. calm downC. look downD. come down16. China Dream is a great way to gather people together and _the fast development of our country.A. try out for B. fit forC. push for D. cheer for17. - How were your May Day holiday?- Everything was wonderful except that our car _.A. slowed downB. put downC. came downD. broke down18. How lucky Peter was! Some policemen arrived in time and _ him out.A. tried to helpB. managed to helpC. tried helpingD. succeeded to help19. Water from this polluted well _ serious illness.A. causes toB. suffers fromC. leads to D. lies in20. Wed better _ subjects like age, weight or money while talking in Western countries.A. agree . B. avoidC. afford D. allow21. Mike _live in London, but now he works in China.A. is used to B. used toC. was used to D. gets used to22. -Excuse me, sir. Would you please _the total cost of the dinner?- All right, I will make it at once.A. take out B. give outC. work out D. put out23. Mum is the busiest in my family. She _ early every day.A. is used to get upB. is used to getting upC. is used for getting up D. used to get up24. - Look! There is some fish left. Its a waste of food.- We should_ .A. put it out B. sell it outC. drink it up D. eat it up25. -Whats wrong with you, Eric? You look tired.- I _ to prepare for the final exam last night. A. picked up B. woke upC. stayed up D. put up26. The rubbish near the river_. Please clean it up as soon as possible.A. smells bad B. is smelt badC. smells badly D. is smelt badly27. - Jack, could you help me _ these pictures on the blackboard? It may help us know more about the hazy weather. (雾霾)- With pleasure. A. put in B. put upC. put on D. put down28. Recycling is one way to protect the environment, so dont _ bottles or newspapers.A find out B. hand inC use up D. throw away29. Finally, the two volunteers _ a plan to help the injured tiger.A. looked out B. worked outC. got outD. took out30. - Many students dont know how to _ stress and become worried.- I think theyd better talk to their teachers or parents.A. argue with B. deal withC. come up with D. quarrel with答案：真题测试1-5. BBCAC 6-10. DCCCD 11-15. AABAB16- 20. DDCDA 21-25. CCAAA 26-30. AACCA31-35. CCDBA 36-40. ADADD模拟测试1-5. BBDBB 6-10. BBBAA 11-15. ABCDB16-20. CDBCB 21-25. 13CBDC 26-30. ABDBB