系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrgan培训课件

Dept of Anatomy DZX系系统解剖英文版听解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOVestibulocochlearOrganrganDept of Anatomy DZXGeneral FeaturesThree partsqExternal ear 外耳外耳:collects sound wavesqMiddle ear 中耳中耳:transmits sound wavesqInternal ear 内耳内耳:contains the organs of hearing and balance2系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXExternal Ear 外耳外耳qAuricle 耳廓耳廓qExternal acoustic meatus 外耳道外耳道qTympanic membrane 鼓膜鼓膜3系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXAuricle 耳廓耳廓4系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXExternal Acoustic Meatus 外耳道外耳道qA slender canal that extends from external acoustic pore to tympanic membrane qTwo partsCartilaginous part lateral 1/3 Bony partmedial 2/3qLined by a layer of thin skin qThis S-shaped passage medially,at first forward and upward,then backward and,finally forward and downwardqIn babyhood,it is shorter and more horizontal than in adult 5系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXTympanic Membrane 鼓膜鼓膜qA thin oval membrane,about 1 cm in diameterqLying obliquely between external acoustic meatus and tympanic cavity qTwo partsFlaccid part 松弛部松弛部:upper 1/81/6Tense part 紧张部紧张部:lower 5/6 7/8,pearly graylUmbo of tympanic membrane 鼓膜脐鼓膜脐lCone of light 光锥光锥outer suface of skin,inner surface of mucous membrane 6系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX7系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXAcute otitis median急性中耳炎急性中耳炎Perforation,inflammation ortrauma 鼓膜穿孔（炎症或外伤）鼓膜穿孔（炎症或外伤）8系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXMiddle Ear 中耳中耳qTympanic cavity 鼓室鼓室qAuditory tube 咽鼓管咽鼓管qMastoid antrum 乳突窦乳突窦 and mastoid cells 乳突小房乳突小房9系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXTympanic Cavity 鼓室鼓室qAn air-containing cavity in the petrous portion of temporal bone and is lined with mucous membraneqHas six walls10系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX Walls of Tympanic Cavity Roof or tegmental wall 盖壁盖壁 Floor or jugular wall 颈静脉壁颈静脉壁Medial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁迷路壁Posterior Wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁乳突壁Anterior wall or carotid wall 颈动脉壁颈动脉壁Lateral wall or membranous wall 鼓膜壁鼓膜壁11系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXWalls of Tympanic CavityqLateral wall or membranous wall 鼓膜壁鼓膜壁tympanic membranebony lateral wall of epitympanic recess superiorly12系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXWalls of Tympanic CavityqRoof or tegmental wall 盖壁盖壁formed by tegmen tympaniseparates tympanic cavity from middle cranial fossaqFloor or jugular wall 颈颈静脉壁静脉壁narrow thin plate of temporal bone overlying superior bulb of internal jugular vein 13系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXWalls of Tympanic CavityqAnterior wall or carotid wall 颈动颈动脉壁脉壁 Lower part:bone forming wall of carotid canalUpper part:lies two openingslopening for tensor tympani muscleltympanic opening of auditory tube 咽鼓管鼓室口咽鼓管鼓室口,which communicates with nasopharynx14系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXWalls of Tympanic CavityqMedial wall or labyrinthine wall 迷路壁迷路壁Promontory 岬岬Fenestra vestibuli 前庭窗前庭窗:covered by base of stapesFenestra cochleae 蜗窗蜗窗:closeted by secondary tympanic membrane 第二鼓膜第二鼓膜Prominence of facial canal 面神经管凸面神经管凸15系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXWalls of Tympanic CavityqPosterior wall or mastoid wall 乳突壁乳突壁Entrance(aditus)to the mastoid antrum 乳突窦入口乳突窦入口pyramidal eminence 锥隆起锥隆起16系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXWalls of Tympanic Cavity17系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXContents of Tympanic Cavity qAuditory Ossicles 听小骨听小骨Consists of chain of three bones:lMalleus 锤骨锤骨 lIncus 砧骨砧骨 lStapes 镫骨镫骨 Articulate by synovial jointsTransmit vibration of tympanic membrane to footplate of stapes in fenestra vestibuli18系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXContents of Tympanic CavityqMuscles of Auditory Ossicles Tensor tympani 鼓膜张肌鼓膜张肌Stapedius 镫骨肌镫骨肌19系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX20系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXAuditory Tube 咽鼓管咽鼓管qAbout 3.54.0 cm long,extends from the anterior wall of tympanic cavity downward,forward,and medially to the nasopharynx qTwo partsBony part:posterolateral 1/3Cartilaginous part:anteromedial 2/3 qFunctions to equalize air pressure on either side of tympanic membraneqIn childhood,it is shorter,wider and more horizontal than in adult21系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXAuditory Tube 咽鼓管咽鼓管22系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXMastoid Antrum and Mastoid Cells乳突窦和乳突小房乳突窦和乳突小房qMastoid antrum乳突窦乳突窦:a small chamber between tympanic cavity and mastoid cellsqMastoid cells乳突小房乳突小房:A series of communicating cavities within the mastoid process of temporal boneContinuous above with the mastoid antrum and the tympanic cavity23系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX24系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXInternal Ear 内耳内耳General featuresqLies within the petrous portion of temporal boneqKey contents of internal earBony labyrinth 骨迷路骨迷路 contains perilymph Membranous labyrinth 膜迷路膜迷路 contains the sensory organs and is filled with endolymph25系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX Bony Labyrinth 骨迷路骨迷路qCochlea 耳蜗耳蜗 qVestibule 前庭前庭qBony semicircular canals 骨半规管骨半规管26系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX Bony Labyrinth 骨迷路骨迷路qVestibule 前庭前庭Hollow bony spaceIn its lateral wall are the fenestra vestibuli and fenestra cochleaeContains utricle 椭圆囊椭圆囊 and saccule 球囊球囊27系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXBony Labyrinth 骨迷路骨迷路Vestibula crestElliptical recessSpherical recessInternal aperture of vestibular aqueductVestibule 前庭前庭28系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXBony Labyrinth 骨迷路骨迷路qBony Semicircular Canals 骨半规管骨半规管Semicircular duct in eachCanal at right angles to each otherlThe anterior bony semicircular canal前骨半规管前骨半规管is vertically with the long axis of the petrous portion of temporal bonelThe lateral bony semicircular canal外侧骨半规管外侧骨半规管 is nearly horiaontal lThe posterior bony semicircular canal后骨半规管后骨半规管is paralles to the long axis of the petrous portion of temporal bone29系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXBony Semicircular Canals 骨半规管骨半规管Bony crura 骨脚骨脚lAmpullar bony crura 壶腹骨脚壶腹骨脚Bony ampullae 骨壶腹骨壶腹lSimple bony crus 单骨脚单骨脚Common bony crus 总骨脚总骨脚30系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXBony Labyrinth 骨迷路骨迷路qCochlea 耳蜗耳蜗General featureslIt somewhat resembles a snails shelllCupula of cochlea faces anterolaterally lBase of cochlea faces posteromedially31系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXBony Labyrinth 骨迷路骨迷路Cochlea 耳蜗耳蜗Modiolus 蜗轴蜗轴lOsseous spiral lamina 骨螺旋板骨螺旋板lHamulus of spiral lamina螺旋板钩螺旋板钩lHelicotrema 蜗孔蜗孔 lSpiral canal of modiolus 蜗轴螺旋管蜗轴螺旋管lCochlear ganglion 蜗神经节蜗神经节Cochlear spiral canal 蜗螺旋管蜗螺旋管 lMakes two and one-half spinal turns around the modiolus lScala vestibuli 前庭阶前庭阶lScala tympani 鼓阶鼓阶32系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXMembranous Labyrinth 膜迷路膜迷路qCochlear duct 蜗管蜗管qUtricle and saccule 椭圆囊和球囊椭圆囊和球囊qSemicircular ducts 膜半规管膜半规管qDuctus reuniens 连合管连合管qUtriculosaccular duct 椭圆球囊管椭圆球囊管qEndolymphatic duct 内内淋巴管淋巴管qEndolymphatic sac 内淋巴囊内淋巴囊33系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXMembranous Labyrinth 膜迷路膜迷路Utriculosaccular duct椭圆球囊管椭圆球囊管Endolymphatic duct内淋巴管内淋巴管Endolymphatic sac 内淋巴囊内淋巴囊Ductus reuniens 连合管连合管Utricle 椭圆囊椭圆囊 Saccule 球囊球囊 Cochlear duct 蜗管蜗管34系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXDept of Anatomy DZX36系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXMembranous Labyrinth 膜迷路膜迷路qSemicircular Ducts 膜半规管膜半规管Contained in bony semicircular canalsEach duct has a membranous ampullae 膜壶腹膜壶腹Crista ampullaris 壶腹嵴壶腹嵴,receptors of balance that respond to rotational acceleration in three different planes37系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX38系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXMembranous Labyrinth 膜迷路膜迷路qCochlear Duct 蜗管蜗管Spinally arranged tube,within bony canal of cochleaEnclosed by tympanic and vestibular walls with scala vestibuli above and scala tympani below.Spinal organ,the sound receptors lies on tympanic(basilar)wall of cochlear duct,stimulated by the movement of endolymph in the duct39系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX40系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXConduction of SoundAir-conduction of sound Sound wavesCochlear nerve41系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXBony-conduction of SoundSound waves Skull Bony labyrinth Perilymph Endolymph within cochlear duct Spinal organCochlear nerve42系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXInternal acoustic Meatus 内耳道内耳道qExtends from internal acoustic pore to fundus of internal acoustic meatusqFacial,vestibulocochlear nerves and vessels of labyrinth pass through the fundus of internal acoustic meatus43系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXOtolithsGelatinous membraneSupportingcellsNervefibresHaircells“Hairs”MaculaSTRUCTURE OF A MACULA44系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX2.Hairs of hair cells bend1.GelatinousmembranepulleddownwardsGravityFUNCTION OF A MACULA3.Neural impulsegenerated45系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXOrgans of Dynamic Equilibrium:-The SemicircularCanalsRotational head movements detected in ampullae atbase of semicircular canals by specialised receptorscalled the CRISTAE AMPULLARESMain features support cells receptor hair cells overlying membrane-cupulaMovements of the head induce the fluid in the semicircular canals to move cupula+hair cells bent-neural impulse 46系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXAmpullaDYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM:-LOCATION OF CRISTAEAMPULLARESSemicircularcanals47系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXHair cellCupulaHaircellNerve fibresSTRUCTURE OF A CRISTA AMPULLARIS48系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZX简答：简答：1试述前庭蜗器的分部和各部组成试述前庭蜗器的分部和各部组成2外耳道的形态分部和幼儿外耳道的特点外耳道的形态分部和幼儿外耳道的特点3鼓膜的位置和形态分部鼓膜的位置和形态分部4鼓室的位置与交通鼓室的位置与交通 5试述咽鼓管的形态特征、开口位置、及幼儿咽鼓管试述咽鼓管的形态特征、开口位置、及幼儿咽鼓管的特点的特点6骨迷路与膜迷路的组成骨迷路与膜迷路的组成 7听觉和位置觉感受器的名称和位置听觉和位置觉感受器的名称和位置 名词解释：名词解释：鼓室、咽鼓管、耳蜗、蜗管、壶腹嵴、鼓室、咽鼓管、耳蜗、蜗管、壶腹嵴、Corti器器49系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrganDept of Anatomy DZXq掌握外耳道的位置、形态、分部和婴儿外耳道的特点。掌握外耳道的位置、形态、分部和婴儿外耳道的特点。q掌握鼓膜的形态、位置和分部。掌握鼓膜的形态、位置和分部。q掌握中耳的组成。掌握鼓室的位置、六个壁的主要形掌握中耳的组成。掌握鼓室的位置、六个壁的主要形态结构及毗邻态结构及毗邻 q掌握咽鼓管的位置、分部、开口部位和作用、幼儿咽掌握咽鼓管的位置、分部、开口部位和作用、幼儿咽鼓管的特点。鼓管的特点。q掌握乳突窦和乳突小房的位置。掌握乳突窦和乳突小房的位置。q掌握内耳的位置和分部、骨迷路的分部、各部的形态掌握内耳的位置和分部、骨迷路的分部、各部的形态以及骨迷路与膜迷路的位置关系。以及骨迷路与膜迷路的位置关系。q掌握听觉和位置觉感受器的位置与机能掌握听觉和位置觉感受器的位置与机能 50系统解剖英文版听觉VestibulocochlearOrgan