中考英语不定式用法汇总课件(上传)

牛津英语讲座i概说动词不定式(to do)是初中英语课的一个重点，也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式，很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起，掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳，帮助同学们对其更好地复习、记忆和消化。动词不定式的主要用法 一、动词不定式在句子中不能独立充当谓语，没有人称和数的变化。二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”。三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能，可在句中用做多种句子成分。主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 宾补 配套练习不定式作主语不定式作主语：句型：句型：Its+adj.+for/of+sb.+to do sth.用用for的情况：的情况：importantimpossiblenecessaryconvenient for+sb.+to do sth.naturalnormalessential例例：Its very necessary for us to practice spoken English every day.（对于我们来说每天联系口语师非常需要的。）（对于我们来说每天联系口语师非常需要的。）例例：Its impossible for us to return here by three oclock.返回注：不定式逻辑上的主语可由注：不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或或of引出，引出，逻辑主语由逻辑主语由of引出时，表语的形容词为引出时，表语的形容词为kind，nice，good，polite，clever，foolish，right，wrong等等 表示表示性格品质评价性格品质评价的形容词。的形容词。例：例：Its right of him to refuse the invitation.(him为逻辑主语为逻辑主语)用of的情况：Silly goodkindnice of+sb.+to do sth.cleverstupidfoolish例：Its foolish of me to make the same mistake again.动动 词词 宾宾 语语此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。例：例：would you like to see my photos?would you like to see my photos?Kevin planned to visit his uncle Kevin planned to visit his uncle类似用法的词还有：类似用法的词还有：start start，wantwant，agreeagree，hopehope，beginbegin，decidedecide agree，love，like，hate，prefer等。等。I found it very difficult to get a I found it very difficult to get a job.(itjob.(it为形式宾语为形式宾语)点击规律：这些动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思点击规律：这些动词后面除接不定式外，还可以接动名词，意思 区别不大区别不大提示板：提示板：like doinglike doing指经常性动作，而指经常性动作，而like to dolike to do指一次性的动作。指一次性的动作。I like swimming I like swimming，but I donbut I dont like to swim nowt like to swim now 我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。我喜欢游泳，但我现在不想游。wantneed to be done/doingrequire口诀：主语为物，后接口诀：主语为物，后接to be done或者主动或者主动doing。例：The classroom needs cleaning/to be cleaned.（这间教室需要打扫一下。）例：The watch needs fixing/to be fixed.（这块手表需要修理一下。）stopstop，forgetforget，rememberremember，go on go on，trytry等词或短语后面可以等词或短语后面可以接不定式。接不定式。点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。点击规律：上述动词后面接不定式和接动名词意思大不相同。提示板：提示板：1 1）stop to do stop to do sthsth：停止一件事，去做另一件事。：停止一件事，去做另一件事。stop doing stop doing sthsth：停止正在做的事。：停止正在做的事。例句：例句：When the teacher came in When the teacher came in，the students stopped the students stopped talking talking；当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；当老师走进来时，学生们停止说话；when he came out when he came out，the students stopped to talkthe students stopped to talk 当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。当老师走出去时，学生们又开始说话。2 2）思考：）思考：forgetforget，rememberremember，go ongo on，trytry等词或短语后面接等词或短语后面接不定式和动名词用法有何区别？不定式和动名词用法有何区别？点击规律：在点击规律：在findfindfeelfeelititadjadjto do to do sthsth句型中，句型中，itit是是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的动词不定式。如：The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep The man downstairs found it difficult to get to sleep I feel it easy to recite the text I feel it easy to recite the text 点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，点击规律：某些动词或短语后面既可以接动词不定式作宾语，又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造又可接动名词作宾语，二者用法上的区别可以通过造 句子加以区分，如上页的句子加以区分，如上页的stopstop例句。例句。返回 表表 语语放在连系动词放在连系动词bebe后面后面 例句：例句：His wish is to become a scientistHis wish is to become a scientist Our duty is to protect the Our duty is to protect the enviromentenviroment.The first important thing is to save theThe first important thing is to save the soldiers soldiers lives lives 当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。当务之急是抢救战士们的生命。点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系点击规律：动词不定式在句中作表语时，通常对连系动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。动词前面的名词进行诠释说明。返回 定定 语语动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词 、代词的后面。、代词的后面。例：例：He is the first person to sail around the world.He is the first person to sail around the world.I have a lot of work to do I have a lot of work to do The doctor said he could do nothing to help the boyThe doctor said he could do nothing to help the boy 点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、点击规律：动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修饰的名词、代词之后。代词之后。提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，提示板：如果动词不定式和前面所修饰的词构成动宾关系，且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：且动词是不及物动词，切记不要忘掉后面的介词。如：I have a small bedroom to live I have a small bedroom to live inin Have you got some pens to write Have you got some pens to write withwith？返回 作 状 语 a a目的状语：放在目的状语：放在gogo，comecome，useuse，livelive，in orderin order等词后面。等词后面。如：如：I come to see you I come to see you He runs fast in order to get there in time He runs fast in order to get there in time They brought in photos of their families for me to look at They brought in photos of their families for me to look at b b原因状语：放在原因状语：放在sorrysorry，gladglad，surprisedsurprised，disappointeddisappointed，excited excited等词后面。（等词后面。（有些资料上把这类称为不定式有些资料上把这类称为不定式在在表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明，表示心理、情感、评价等的形容词后，对其进行补充说明，作形容词补足语作形容词补足语）如：）如：I am glad to see you here I am glad to see you here I am sorry to trouble you I am sorry to trouble you c c作结果状语。如：作结果状语。如：Some of the apples are hard to reach Some of the apples are hard to reach The room is large enough to hold 1000 people The room is large enough to hold 1000 people 返回宾语补足语(1)(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带toto：telltell，askask，wantwant，orderorder，teachteach，inviteinvite，warnwarn，wishwish，helphelp，getget，wishwish，等词后面常接不定式作宾补。，等词后面常接不定式作宾补。例：例：I Iaskedaskeda afriendfriendtotoreadreaditittotomeme I tell him not to go there by bus I tell him not to go there by bus EdisonEdisons mother taught him to read and writes mother taught him to read and write (2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词(see(see，watchwatch，hearhear，feelfeel，makemake，letlet，havehave，observeobserve，noticenotice，helphelp等等)后后不带不带toto 的不定式作宾补。如：的不定式作宾补。如：The boss makes them work 16 hours a dayThe boss makes them work 16 hours a day I heard her sing in the next roomI heard her sing in the next room 提示板：若变成提示板：若变成被动语态被动语态，在上述结构中，在上述结构中，不定式符号不定式符号toto要加上要加上。如：如：They are made They are made toto work 16 hours a day by the bosswork 16 hours a day by the boss She was heard She was heard toto sing in the next roomsing in the next room 返回 “疑问词不定式疑问词不定式”用法用法 不定式前可带不定式前可带whatwhat，whowho，whichwhich，wherewhere，whenwhen，how,how,whosewhose，等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、，等疑问词，这种不定式短语在句中作宾语、宾语补足语、主语等。主语等。例：例：He didnHe didnt tell me where to go.(t tell me where to go.(直宾直宾)I don I dont know what to say now.(t know what to say now.(宾语宾语)I dont know what to do next I dont know what to do next（宾语）（宾语）He taught us how to use the computer He taught us how to use the computer（宾语补足语）（宾语补足语）Its still a question how to get there Its still a question how to get there（主语）（主语）在初中阶段还涉及到在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式不定式被动语态一般式(to be+(to be+过去分词过去分词)”例：例：There are twenty more trees to be planted.There are twenty more trees to be planted.返回根据句意，用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空。1Its time for us _（have）supper 2Would you like_（go）shopping with me？3It took us half an hour_（work）out the problem 4He is old enough_（join）the army 5I feel strange_（have）a twin sister 6I am very glad_（meet）you here 7They prefer_（stay）at home rather than go out 8We saw them_（come）into the room just now 9What he said made me_（feel）sorry 10I am sorryI forgot_（tell）you the news 11His plan is_（spend）a few days in the mountains 12Have you got anything_（say）？13Have you decided which one_（choose）？14Do you know when_（start）？15He is too weak_（carry）the big stone to go 主语to go 宾语to work 主语to join 结果状语to have 形容词补足语(原)to meet 形容词补足语(原)to stay 宾语to come 宾补to feel 宾补to tell 宾语to spend 表语to say 定语to choose 定语to start 不定式短语作宾语to carry 结果状语Hi,relax yourself!