现在完成时讲解经典

现在完成时现在完成时 主菜单上一页下一页现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语短暂性动词与时间段的关系短暂性动词与时间段的关系havebeen与与havegone比较比较与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较 现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成现在完成时的构成主菜单上一页下一页have(hashave(has）+过去分词过去分词present(now)futurepast 现在完成时现在完成时(present perfect tense)do my homework 现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法上一页下一页-Its so dark.-Its so dark.-Someone has turned off the light.-Someone has turned off the light.(有人刚把灯关了有人刚把灯关了,对现在造成的结果是对现在造成的结果是:现在很黑现在很黑)-Areyoufree?-I have finished my homework.I am free-I have finished my homework.I am free(我已我已经完成了家庭作完成了家庭作业,对现在造成的结果是很有空对现在造成的结果是很有空)主菜单1.1.表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法2.2.表示表示过去某一时间过去某一时间开始并开始并一直持续到现在一直持续到现在的的动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的时间状语连动作或状态，常和表示一段时间的时间状语连用，谓语动词多用延续性动词用，谓语动词多用延续性动词。（这一用法与（这一用法与现现在完成进行时在完成进行时相同：相同：。）。）Theyhavelivedherefor30years.他们已经在这儿住了他们已经在这儿住了30年。年。(30年以前开始住在这儿，现在还住在这儿。年以前开始住在这儿，现在还住在这儿。)IhavelearnedEnglishsinceIwasfiveyearsold.我从五岁时就学英语。我从五岁时就学英语。（五岁时开始学英语，到现在还在学。）（五岁时开始学英语，到现在还在学。）现在完成时的运用现在完成时的运用:1）already和和yetalready用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，用于肯定句，放于句中或句末，在在句中时，位于助动词或系动词后，实义动句中时，位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。词前。yet用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。用于否定句和疑问句，一般在句末。Ihavealreadyfinishedmyhomework.Ihaventfinishedmyhomeworkyet.2）ever和和neverever用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中用于肯定句和疑问句中，在句中位位于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。于助动词或系动词后，实义动词前。never用于句中，用于句中，助动词或系动词后，实助动词或系动词后，实义动词前，义动词前，表示否定意义。表示否定意义。HehaseverbeentoParis.HehasneverbeentoParis.3）just表示表示“刚刚刚刚”（用于完成时态时，与（用于完成时态时，与already，never等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词等副词的位置一样，多用在助动词have/has和动词过去分词之间）和动词过去分词之间）Hehasjustcomeback.他刚刚回来。Theyhavejustfinishedthework.他们刚刚完成那项工作。4）for和和sincefor后面跟一段时间，后面跟一段时间，since后面跟的是时间点后面跟的是时间点，这，这个时间点可能是单词、短语或一般过去时的句子。个时间点可能是单词、短语或一般过去时的句子。带有带有for或或since短语的句子，谓语动词要用延续性短语的句子，谓语动词要用延续性动词。动词。Hehasbeenhereforthreedays.Hehasbeenheresinceyesterday.Hehasbeenheresincetwodaysago/lastMonday.Hehasbeenheresincehiswifedied.3.3.表示人曾有过或到目前为止从表示人曾有过或到目前为止从未有过的未有过的经历经历.上一页下一页I haveI have ever ever beenbeen to the Summer Palace?to the Summer Palace?(我曾去过颐和园我曾去过颐和园)I I havehave never never had had a car.a car.(我从未有过汽车。我从未有过汽车。)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单现在完成时的现在完成时的时间状语时间状语常与常与already,already,never,never,ever,ever,just,just,yet,yet,before,before,up to now,up to now,so far,so far,for the last few weeksfor the last few weeks these days,these days,since since for a long timefor a long time 连用连用上一页下一页主菜单上一页下一页I have learnt English for more than I have learnt English for more than ten years.ten years.我已经学了我已经学了10多年的英语。多年的英语。(从从10年前开始年前开始,持续到现在还在学持续到现在还在学)Shehasswumsincehalfanhourago.我已经游泳了半个小时我已经游泳了半个小时(半个小时前已经开始游泳半个小时前已经开始游泳,到现在还在游到现在还在游)现在完成时的主要用法现在完成时的主要用法主菜单2.2.表示表示过去过去已经开始已经开始,持续到持续到现在的动作或现在的动作或状态状态.常与常与since+since+过去的时间点，过去的时间点，for+for+一段时间，一段时间，so far so far 等时间状语连用。等时间状语连用。1.for+Eg.Ihavebeenherefor5weeks.HesstudiedEnglishfor3years.一段时间一段时间2.since+从句(一般过去时)单词词组(表示过去某一时间的)时间点时间点Eg.Ihavebeenheresince2000.Ihavebeenheresince5yearsago.IhavebeenheresinceIgraduatedin2000.注2):对for或since引导的时间状语提问必须用howlong,决不能用when.Eg.Ihavelivedherefor10years.Howlonghaveyoulivedhere?Shehasstoodheresince2hourago.Howlonghasshestoodhere?4.过去分词的构成：过去分词的构成：规则动词过去分词的构成和过去式一样，不规则规则动词过去分词的构成和过去式一样，不规则动词的过去分词见课本（八下或九年级课本最后动词的过去分词见课本（八下或九年级课本最后一页）。一页）。记忆不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，可以分为记忆不规则动词的过去式和过去分词，可以分为以下几类来记：以下几类来记：A A A 型原形、过去式和过去分词同形：hithithitcostcostcostletletletputputputreadreadreadA B B 型过去式和过去分词同形：buyboughtboughtfeelfeltfeltfindfoundfoundhavehadhadA B C 型原形、过去式和过去分词各异 dodiddoneflyflewflownwritewrotewrittengowentgoneA B A 型 原形与过去分词同形 comecamecomebecomebecamebecomeAAB型型 原形与过去式同形beatbeatbeaten延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词）延续性动词和非延续性动词（终止性动词）延续性动词表示能够延续的动作延续性动词表示能够延续的动作如：如：learn,work,keep,have,wait,stay等。等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。非延续性动词非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示示不能延续的动作不能延续的动作,这种动作发生后立即结束这种动作发生后立即结束,不不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。能与表示一段时间的状语连用。如如:die,begin,finish,come,go,open,leave,join,marry/getmarried等。等。leave-come/go(to)-arrive(at/in)-get(to)-reach-buy-borrow-finish-join-start/begin-die-close-open-return-marry-become-beaway(from)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)be(in/at)havekeepbeoverbein/bea/anbeonbedeadbeclosedbeopenbebackbemarriedbe短暂性短暂性动词与时间段的关系动词与时间段的关系 短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中短暂性动词在肯定句、疑问句中不能与不能与时间段连用时间段连用，这些动词是：，这些动词是：become,become,begin,begin,buy,buy,borrow,borrow,come(go,arrive),come(go,arrive),die,die,finish,finish,join,join,leave leave,等。等。上一页下一页为了表述这种意思为了表述这种意思,我们常用相应的我们常用相应的延延续性动词续性动词 来代替短暂性动词。来代替短暂性动词。主菜单becomebe,beginhave,borrowkeep,buyhave,come(go,arrive,get)behere/there/in，diebedead,finishbeover,joinbein（beamemberof）leavebeaway(from),下一页上一页主菜单 但在否定句中，短暂性动词可但在否定句中，短暂性动词可以与时间段连用。以与时间段连用。如：如：I havent bought the bike I havent bought the bike for a year.for a year.我买这辆自行车还不到一年。我买这辆自行车还不到一年。She hasnt come here for an She hasnt come here for an hour.hour.她来这儿还没有一个小时。她来这儿还没有一个小时。上一页下一页主菜单 翻翻 译译 练练 习：习：1.1.我买了这块手表五年了。我买了这块手表五年了。2.2.这位老人已经死了十年了。这位老人已经死了十年了。I I have boughthave bought this watch for five years.this watch for five years.I I have hadhave had this watch this watch forfor five years/five years/sincesince 5 years 5 years ago.ago.The old man The old man has diedhas died for ten years.for ten years.The old man The old man has been deadhas been dead for ten for ten years/since 10 years/since 10 years ago.years ago.WW下一页上一页主菜单 3.3.他已经回来三天了。他已经回来三天了。4.4.自从六点钟他就来这儿了。自从六点钟他就来这儿了。5.5.我离开家乡已十年了。我离开家乡已十年了。He He has come backhas come back for 3 days.for 3 days.He He has been backhas been back forfor 3 days/3 days/sincesince 3 3 days days agoago.He He has come herehas come here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.He He has been herehas been here since 6 oclock.since 6 oclock.I I have lefthave left hometown for 10 years.hometown for 10 years.I I have been away fromhave been away from hometown for 10 hometown for 10 years.years.WWW下一页上一页主菜单have been 与have gone 的用法比较 have been to 意思是意思是“到过，去过到过，去过”，表示表示曾经到过某处曾经到过某处，但现在人不在那儿。，但现在人不在那儿。have gone to 意思是意思是“去了去了”，表示，表示已已经去了经去了某地，现在人可能在去的途中或某地，现在人可能在去的途中或已在那儿了。已在那儿了。have been in 意思是意思是“呆在某处一段时呆在某处一段时间了间了”上一页下一页主菜单用用havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin的适当形的适当形式填空式填空1.-WhereisTom?Hehasgonetothelibrary.2.HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentoParis?3.Ihaventseenyouforalongtime.Wherehaveyoubeen?IhavebeentoGuangzhou.4.Howlonghaveyoubeeninthisschool?Ihavebeeninthisschoolforthreeyears.5.Mybrotherhasbeeninthearmysincehelefthighschool.与一般过去时的用法比较与一般过去时的用法比较一一.现在完成时和一般过去时都是说现在完成时和一般过去时都是说过去的事情，过去的事情，但现在完成时注意的但现在完成时注意的不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现不是事情本身，而是强调事情与现在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的在保持的某种密切联系（如现在的结果，影响结果，影响,一直延续到现在等）一直延续到现在等）;而一般过去时，则只而一般过去时，则只讲述讲述发生在过发生在过去的动作和事情去的动作和事情与现在没有关系与现在没有关系。上一页下一页主菜单eg：He has bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他已经买了一本英汉字典。他已经买了一本英汉字典。He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.他曾买过一本英汉字典。他曾买过一本英汉字典。上一页下一页 第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：第一句用现在完成时时态，想表达意为：“He He bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And bought an English-Chinese dictionary.And he still has it”“he still has it”“过去他买了一本英汉字典，过去他买了一本英汉字典，现在他还有这本字典现在他还有这本字典”。第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字第二句用过去时只叙述过去他买过一本英汉字典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强典这一事实，至于现在他是否有这本字典并未强 调说明。调说明。主菜单二当有一个表示二当有一个表示过去某一特定时间过去某一特定时间的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一的状语时，不用现在完成时，而用一般过去时般过去时:上一页下一页eg:Isawthefilmontelevisionyesterday.但但since(since(自自以以来来)+)+某某一一过过去去时时间间或或叙叙述述过过去去事事情情的的从从句句总总是是与与现现在在完完成成时连用。时连用。eg：Theyhaveknowneachothersince1950.Sincehewasachild,hehaslivedinEngland.主菜单三常与一般过去时连用的典型的三常与一般过去时连用的典型的 表示过去时间的状语表示过去时间的状语:上一页下一页yesterday(yesterday(昨天昨天),the day before),the day before yesterday(yesterday(前天前天),),just now(just now(刚才刚才)，时间时间+ago,+ago,last+last+时间时间 等等;eg:Theplanetookofftenminutesago.Wefinishedourtasklastweek.主菜单动动 词词 填填 空：空：1._ you _(clean)the room?1._ you _(clean)the room?Yes,we _(do)that Yes,we _(do)that alreadyalready.When _ you _(do)it?When _ you _(do)it?We _(do)it We _(do)it an hour agoan hour ago.2._ he _(see)this film 2._ he _(see)this film yetyet?Yes.?Yes.When _ he _(see)it?When _ he _(see)it?He _ it He _ it last weeklast week.3.How many times _you_(be)there?3.How many times _you_(be)there?Havecleanedhave donediddodidHasseendidseesawhavebeen下一页上一页主菜单4.I _(read)the novel twice.Its interesting.5.She _(go)to Pairs,hasnt she?Yes.How _ she _(go)there?She _(go)there by air.6.So far,many countries _(develop)their software programs.7.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking last year.8.Mr Chen _(give)up smoking since last year.have readhas gonedidgowenthave developedgavehas given下一页上一页主菜单选用选用 for和和 since填空填空:1.We havent seen each other _ a long time.2.His father has been in the Party _ 10 years ago.3.The film has been on _ 20 minutes.4.Mr Green has worked here _ he came to China.5.His grandparents have been dead _ several years.6.Its five years _ we met last time.forsinceforsinceforsince下一页上一页主菜单用用Have been to,have gone to,have been in 填空填空1.1.Mike and his parents _ the north for Mike and his parents _ the north for half a year.half a year.2.2.Mum is not at home now.she _ the Mum is not at home now.she _ the shop.shop.3.3._ you ever _ to kunming?Never._ you ever _ to kunming?Never.4.4.Where _ you _ these days?Where _ you _ these days?5.5.Has Jim arrived yet?Has Jim arrived yet?Yes,he _ here for several days.Yes,he _ here for several days.6.6.Where is Peter?I dont know where he Where is Peter?I dont know where he _._.7.7.Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei Hi Jim!Where _ you _?Li Lei is looking for you.is looking for you.havebeeninhasgonetohavebeenHavebeenhasbeenhasgonehavebeen下一页上一页主菜单改改 错错1.How long have you begun to study English?2.I have borrowed this book for two weeks.3.The river has become very dirty since last August.4.Our manager is away today.He has been to Guangzhou on business.5.He has gone out for two years.studiedkeptbeengonebeen下一页上一页主菜单1.Thehouseisdirty.We_itforweeks.2.AdidntcleanBhadntcleanedCdontcleanDhaventcleaned3.2.-_thesportsmeetingmightbeputoff.-Yes,italldependsontheweather.AIvebeentoldBIvetoldCImtoldDItold4.3.-Imsorrytokeepyouwaiting.-Oh,notatall.I_hereonlyafewminutes.AhavebeenBhadbeenCwasDwillbe5.4.Youdontneedtodescribeher.I_herseveraltimes.A.hadmetBhavemetCmetDmeet5.-WillyougotoBeijingforvacation?-I_togo,butIdontknowifIcango.AwasplanningBhaveplannedChadbeenplanningDhavebeenplanning6.-Whenwilltheyleave?-They_verysoon.AdoleaveBareleavingChaveleftDleave7-Washestudyingforanexam?-Yes,hes_itlastweek.AdoingBtotakeCmakingDtogive8.Theteachertoldthepupilsthattheearth_round.AisBwouldCwasDwere9.She_suchaninterestingbookbefore.AwasneverreadingBwillneverreadChadneverreadDhasneverread10.Howlongdoyouthinkthemeeting_AislastingBislastedCwilllastDlasts