土木工程专业英语翻译知识讲座三

土木工程专业英语翻译知识讲座三土木工程专业英语翻译知识讲座三增 词 增词即在翻译的时候，根据意义和语法修辞上的需要，增加一些原文中无其形而有其义的词语，以忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。一、一、把原文中某些省略成分补充译出：把原文中某些省略成分补充译出：把原文中某些省略成分补充译出：把原文中某些省略成分补充译出：1 1、Single-span construction is usually Single-span construction is usually adopted for the smaller factory building,adopted for the smaller factory building,while multiple-span,for the large.while multiple-span,for the large.译文：单跨结构通常用于较小的厂房，而多译文：单跨结构通常用于较小的厂房，而多跨跨结构结构结构结构则用于较大的则用于较大的厂房厂房厂房厂房。第1页/共11页增 词2、However,the architect who is trying to achieve beauty as he himself sees it will be most likely to succeed if the cost of his propose design is lower than the others.译文：译文：然而，对于试图使设计达到自己设想那样美观的建筑师来说，只有当他提出的设计方案的修建费用比其他人提出的方案的修建费低时，他所追求的美观才有希望得以实现。第2页/共11页增 词二、二、把原文中某几个词共有成分重复译出：把原文中某几个词共有成分重复译出：把原文中某几个词共有成分重复译出：把原文中某几个词共有成分重复译出：1、You cannot build a ship,a house,or a machine tool if you do not know how to make a design or how to read it.译文：如果你不知道怎样制图或怎样识图，译文：如果你不知道怎样制图或怎样识图，你就不可能你就不可能造造船、船、盖盖房或者房或者制造制造机床。机床。（把build 重复译出，并根据汉语的动宾搭配习惯分别译为“造”、“盖”和“制造”）第3页/共11页增 词2、Practically every river has an upper,a middle,and a lower part.译文：几乎每条河都有上译文：几乎每条河都有上游游、中、中游游和下和下游游。(重复译出了重复译出了“part”一词)第4页/共11页增 词三、三、三、三、把原文中某些隐含意义具体表达出来：把原文中某些隐含意义具体表达出来：把原文中某些隐含意义具体表达出来：把原文中某些隐含意义具体表达出来：1 1、在表达动作意义的英语名词后，可视情况增译、在表达动作意义的英语名词后，可视情况增译、在表达动作意义的英语名词后，可视情况增译、在表达动作意义的英语名词后，可视情况增译“现象现象现象现象”、“作用作用作用作用”、“方式方式方式方式”、“过程过程过程过程”、“情况情况情况情况”、“效应效应效应效应”、“原理原理原理原理”等汉语名词。等汉语名词。等汉语名词。等汉语名词。（1 1）The design of this hotel adopts a combination of high-The design of this hotel adopts a combination of high-rise and low buildings.rise and low buildings.译文：该旅馆的设计采用了高低结合的译文：该旅馆的设计采用了高低结合的方式方式方式方式。（2 2）It was considered preferable to cast the doors in It was considered preferable to cast the doors in this way,so as not to damage the extremely finely this way,so as not to damage the extremely finely finished door frames during the main building finished door frames during the main building operations.operations.译文：人们认为这样装门较好，不至于在施工译文：人们认为这样装门较好，不至于在施工过程过程过程过程中弄坏极为中弄坏极为精致的门框。精致的门框。第5页/共11页增 词2 2、当原文中可数名词为复数时，可视情况增加表示、当原文中可数名词为复数时，可视情况增加表示、当原文中可数名词为复数时，可视情况增加表示、当原文中可数名词为复数时，可视情况增加表示复数概念的词语，复数概念的词语，复数概念的词语，复数概念的词语，“们们们们”、“各种各种各种各种”、“各项各项各项各项”、“许多许多许多许多”、“这些这些这些这些”、“那些那些那些那些”、“种种种种种种种种”等。等。等。等。（1 1）In spite of In spite of difficultiesdifficulties ,our task was got over well.,our task was got over well.译文：译文：虽有虽有各种各种各种各种困难，但我们的任务还是顺利完成了。困难，但我们的任务还是顺利完成了。（2 2）A thorough understanding of the differences in A thorough understanding of the differences in style and technology of our style and technology of our predecessorspredecessors provides provides the foundation for understanding our present culture the foundation for understanding our present culture relative to its building needs.relative to its building needs.译文：透彻了解先辈们在建筑风格和建筑艺术上的异译文：透彻了解先辈们在建筑风格和建筑艺术上的异同，有助于我们理解当代文化与建筑需要之间的关系。同，有助于我们理解当代文化与建筑需要之间的关系。第6页/共11页增 词3、根据并列成分的多少，增加、根据并列成分的多少，增加概括词概括词“两者两者”、“三方面三方面”、“四个四个”等。等。（1）Mr.Bloor and Mr.Smith are architects.译文:布卢尔林先生和史密斯先生两人两人都是建筑师。（2）The frequency,wavelength,and speed of sound are closely related.译文:频率、波长和声速三者三者是密切相关的。第7页/共11页增 词4、英语中动词的时态形式译为汉、英语中动词的时态形式译为汉语时，可视时态的不同，分别增语时，可视时态的不同，分别增译为译为“正正”、“已经已经”、“过过”、“曾经曾经”、“一直一直”、“将要将要”等时态助词。等时态助词。（1）There have been a number of high-rise buildings in this city.译文:该市已有若干高层建筑。（2）The teacher is explaining the construction method with the students standing beside him.译文:老师正在正在讲解施工方法，学生们站在他旁边听。第8页/共11页增 词5、翻译中可视情况增加承上启、翻译中可视情况增加承上启下或使语气连贯的词语。下或使语气连贯的词语。（1 1）For every action there is an equal and For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.opposite reaction.译文译文:对于每一个作用力来说，都有一个对于每一个作用力来说，都有一个大小大小大小大小相相等、等、方向方向方向方向相反的反作用力。相反的反作用力。（2 2）Speed and reliability are the chief Speed and reliability are the chief advantage of the electronic computer.advantage of the electronic computer.译文译文:速度速度快快快快、可靠性能、可靠性能高高高高，这是电子计算机的，这是电子计算机的主要优点。主要优点。第9页/共11页增词练习：1 1、Architecture is concerned with the provision of Architecture is concerned with the provision of spaces,structure with the mechanical behavior of spaces,structure with the mechanical behavior of the surface or elements which define these the surface or elements which define these spaces.spaces.2 2、Cement mortar is made by mixing cement,sand Cement mortar is made by mixing cement,sand and water in proportion.With the addition of lime,it and water in proportion.With the addition of lime,it is called cement mortar.The former is used mainly is called cement mortar.The former is used mainly in plastering,while the latter in brick laying.in plastering,while the latter in brick laying.3 3、Roof trusses not only have to carry their own Roof trusses not only have to carry their own weight and the weight of roofing and roof beams,weight and the weight of roofing and roof beams,or purlin,but cranes,wind loads,snow loads,or purlin,but cranes,wind loads,snow loads,suspended ceilings,and equipment,and a live suspended ceilings,and equipment,and a live load to take care of construction,maintenance,load to take care of construction,maintenance,and repair loading.and repair loading.第10页/共11页