精编国家开放大学电大《高级英语阅读》《机电控制工程基础》网络课形考网考作业合集答案

国家开放大学电大高级英语阅读(1)机电控制工程基础网络课形考网考作业(合集)答案高级英语阅读(1)网络课答案形考任务一(70分)Chapter 1 Exercise (分值 7 分)题目1I. Vocabulary skills (3 points)Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word on the right with the correct definition on the left.(0.5 points each)1. the bus or subway2. proof of completion of courses of students3. money for students from scholarships, grants, or loans4. formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study5. courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places6. the points or grade a student gets on a test答案：l.the bus or subwaycertificates and degrees #financial aidacademic lecturesdistance learningscorepublic transportation2. poof of completion of courses of students-3. money for students from scholarships, grantst or loans4-formal talks by professors or instructors on subjects of study5. courses by video, video conferencing, or computers to students in different places：?6. the points or grade a student gets on a testIL Reading Comprehension (4 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Experiencing Culture ShockA When Eliza James arrived at the University of Xian, she was excited to live in a new country, to improve her Chinese, and to experience a culture so different from her own. But soon her excitement turned to frustration as she encountered one roadblock after another. I felt like I couldn，t accomplish anything.My dorm room had no heat, I couldn，t get into the classes I wanted, and every time I asked someone for help they gave me the runaround. I felt like no one was listening to me. Eliza met with administrators, sent letters of complaint, and even contacted the consulate in Beijing, but she got nowhere. What Eliza didnt realize was that her American approach to solving problems was very different from the Chinese one in which patience and negotiation skills are key. She soon learned how to solve problems within the cultural norms of Chinese society instead of forcing her own values onto those around her. I finally feel like I fit in and that I know what Im doing. In fact, its really fun being in a place thats so incredibly different from what I am accustomed to.B Yoshi Yamamoto is a junior at a small college outside of Boston. Although he is an honors student now, Yoshi didnt always have such an easy time studying in America. Teaching methods are very different here than they are in Japan. It took me a long time to get used to learning in seminars and discussing ideas with my classmates. At first it seemed like I wasnt actually learning anything.z/ Yoshis reaction was to totally withdraw: he didnt participate in class discussion; he spent lots of time alone in his room, and he even skipped class on occasion. I thought I could teach myself. Now I recognize the value of the U. S. academic system, and I am able to adapt it to my own learning style. C Both Eliza and Yoshi experienced what is called culture shock: psychological disorientation due to living in a new culture. For many international students, studying abroad can offer exposure to new cultures and an opportunity to study new fields and languages. However, it also offers the greater challenge of trying to function in a foreign culture. Studying and reading about a certain culture is poor preparation for the reality of living in it. According to psychological studies, the four stages of culture shock are 1. euphoria,2. hostility, 3. gradual adjustment, and 4. adaptation. Culture shock can be manifested in many ways: homesickness, boredom, stereotyping of or hostility towards the host culture, overeating or overdrinking, withdrawal, and inability to work effectively.D Different people experience different levels of culture shock and react in different ways. For example, Eliza got angry while Yoshi withdrew from society. The most important thing to remember is that culture shock is normal; it is not something to be ashamed of. Luckily, there are some things international students can do to make their adjustment to a new country go more smoothly. For instance, they can stay in touch with family and friends from home, join international student organizations, meet people from their own countries, and get involved in campus activities. Most importantly, they can adjust to life abroad by keeping a sense of humor and trying to remain positive.Recognizing Paragraph Topics (choose the paragraph letter)题目27. an explanation of culture shock选择一项：A. AB. BC. CD. D题目38. ways that students can adjust to living in a new country选择一项：A. AB. BC. CD. D题目49. the experience of an international student in the United States选择一项：A. AB. BC. CD. D题目510. the experience of an international student in China选择一项：A. AB. BC. CD. DChapter 2 Exercise (分值 7 分)题目1I. Vocabulary Skills (2 points)Sometimes examples can explain the meaning of a word or phrase. For example, sun, rain, and wind are examples of kinds of weather. Look at the columns below. Match each vocabulary word or phrase in the first column with the examples in the second column. (0. 4 points each)1. kinds of extreme weather2. Earth s natural materials and gases3. diseases or health disorders4. seasons of the year5. natural areas or regions of the earth答案:1 .kinds of extreme weatherblizzards, tornadoes, hurricanes, floods, droughts =2,Earths natural materials and gasescoal. oil. carbon, dioxide air, water#3 diseases or health disordersstroke, asmma. influenza, pneumonia, headaches #seasons of the yearWinter t spring, summer, fall#5 natural areas or regions of the earthoceans, seas, islands, deserts, forestseIL Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B or C. (1 point each) Seasonal Affective Disorder: More than Just the BluesA Joshua dreads the winter months, not only because of the cold New England weather-the sleet, snow, wind, and rain一-but because as the seasons change from summer to fall to winter, the days get shorter. As the days get shorter, he starts feeling depressed and irritable and spends more and more time at home, eating and sleeping. A graduate student in philosophy, Joshua finds that he gets little work done during the winter months and has trouble paying attention in class and concentrating on his research. I soon realized that what I thought was just the J winter blues， was something more extreme than that. Josh visited a doctor who diagnosed him with SAD.B Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a kind of depression that occurs seasonally. It is associated with the long hours of darkness and lack of sunlight during the winter months (people with SAD usually feel worse from December through February). Scientists dont completely understand the exact causes of SAD, but they believe it is related to a biochemical imbalance in the hypothalamus. The hypothalamus is the basic part of the brain that controls the bodys breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone release. The effects of SAD include moodiness, irritability, low energy, increased appetite for carbohydrates (foods such as potatoes, rice, and bread), difficulty concentrating, and the tendency to oversleep.C Although doctors described SAD for the first time in 1984, humans have probably dealt with the disorder for thousands of years. It is not a coincidence that many cultures have important celebrations during the short days of the winter months. Christmas, Hanukkah, and Winter Solstice celebrations all occur in December. These celebrations involve lighting candles in order to bring light, warmth, and happiness to an otherwise depressing time of year.D So what can SAD sufferers do to feel better? Naturally, they need more light. For people who have mild cases of SAD, exercising in the morning sun could be enough to help them. Phototherapy, or light therapy, is usually prescribed for people who have more serious cases of the disorder. In light therapy, patients sit in front of a light box, a strong artificial light, for up to four hours a day. Phototherapy is effective in over 80% of SAD cases, and patients usually see results within three to four days. Although the symptoms of SAD are similar to those of clinical depression, traditional antidepressants have not proven useful in treating SAD. While psychological counseling cannot treat the symptoms of SAD, it is recommended to help SAD sufferers learn to accept and deal with their illness.题目26. Joshua starts feeling depressed and irritable in the winter because选择一项：A. he gets little work doneB. he suffers from Seasonal Affective DisorderC. he is a graduate student in philosophy题目37. Seasonal Affective Disorder, or SAD, is a condition that researchers believe affects people during the winter months. Scientists believe it is caused by选择一项：A. breathing, heartbeat, metabolism, and hormone releaseB. moodiness, irritability, loss of energy, increased appetite, difficulty concentrating, and sleepinessC. lack of sunlight and a biochemical imbalance in the brain题目48. Humans have probably struggled with SAD since选择一项：A. ancient timesB. DecemberC. 1984题目59. People who suffer from SAD canto feel better.选择一项：A. do light therapyB. take antidepressant drugsC. eat carbohydrates题目610. This passage talks about.选择一项：A. what the SAD effects areB. Both A and B.C. how to help SAD suffersChapter 3 Exercise (分值 7 分)I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the passages, then answer the questions that follow. (1 point each )Fast food can be good foodMany people are too busy to prepare and eat three nutritious meals a day. so they turn to the convenience of fast-food restaurants. Many of the items at fast-food restaurants, snack bars, and food stands are fattening and not very nutritious. But fast food doesn t have to be unhealthy, you can eat at fast-food restaurants and still eat well.Pay Attention to Calories and Fat ContentBy paying attention to the number of calories and fat that a food item has , you can make smarter choices. Calories are “units for measuring how much energy a food will producev . condsider two fast-food meals. A quarter-pound hamburger with cheese, jumbo-size fries, and a 16-ounce soda have a total of 1, 535 calories and 76 grams of fat a broiled (cooked under direct heat or over a flame )chicken sandwich , a side salad with low-fat dressing, and a glass of water at the same fast-food restaurant have only 422 calories and 7 grams of fat . but maybe you really want a hamburger and fries . well, you can have a small hamburger, a small serving of fries, and a glass of water. At a total of 490 calories and 20 grams of fat, that s still a much smarter choice than the large burger , fries, and 20 grams of fat , that s still a much smarter choice than the large burger, fries, andsada.There s More That You Can DoThere are a few additional things you can do to make sure you eat well in fast food restaurants. First of all, say “no” when the cashier asks you if you want to supersize” you meal (order an extra large portion of each item). Second, ask for no mayonnaise or sauce, or ask for it on the side (in a separate dish). Third, substitute(use something instead of something else)healthy foods for fatty ones. For example, instead of ordering deep-fried tempura, order fresh vegetables. Instead of ordering a beef burrito with lots of cheese and sour cream, order a vegetable burrito with beans and rice, and don t eat the chips!Another thing you can do is order a side salad or a vegetable soup and eat it first. Thatway, you will eat some vegetables, and you won t be able to eat as much of your burger and fries. Fnally, eat slowly and stop eating when you re full. It sounds simple, but many people keep eating even after they become full. 题目11. What is the main idea of this article ?选择一项：A. It s smart to eat foods with low calories and fat content.B. Fast food is always bad for you .C. You can eat well in fast-food restaurantD. Fast-food restaurants are the best the place to find healthy foods .题目22. A small hamburger and small firies has 选择一项：A. more calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad.B. the same amount of calories and fat as a chicken sandwich and a salad.C. fewer calories and fat than a chicken sandwich and a salad.D. the same amount of calories and fat as a large portion of fries.题目33. Some things you can do to eat well in fast-food restaurants are选择一项：A. ask for eatramanyonnaise and sauce and say no to “surpersizing” .B. order a vegetable burrito instead of chips and eat sour cream .C. order smaller portions and eat all the food you order.D. order healthy foods instead of fatty ones and drink water.题目44. Manyonnaise and sauces probably选择一项：A. makeyou eat lessbecause they makeyou feel fullsooner.B. makeyou eat morebecause they makeyour food tastebetter.C-havea lot of fatand calories.D. dont have a lotof fat and calories.题目55. By eating a salad or soup before the rest of your meal,选择一项：A. you eat less of the rest of your meal.B. you eat more slowly.C. you get full sooner.D. you eat the rest of your meal more quickly.IL Vocabulary skills (2 points)Read the paragraph below and fill in each blank with a word from the box. (0. 4 points each)globalavailablechanges damaging losingThe growing similarities in diet and eating habits around the world are influencing people of various cultures in different ways. For example, Western foods are 6 damaging health in the industrialized island country of Japan. Instead of small meals of seafood, rice, and vegetables, the typical Japanese diet now includes large amounts of meat, dairy products, and desserts like tiramisu, a rich Italian dish full of chocolate, cheese, and sugar. According to Japanese health researchers, such 7 changes in eating habits are related to a great increase in health problems such as heart disease, strokes, cancer, and diabetes. On the other hand, the changing 8 global diet is having the opposite effect on the people in the CzechRepublic. The government of this European nation no longer supports meat and dairy products financially, so the cost of these foods is going up. In contrast, fresh fruits and vegetables are becoming more widely 9 available from private markets and stands. Cooks are even serving salads to schoolchildren, and families are eating healthier home-cooked meals. For these reasons, fewer Czech men are having heart attacks, the women are 10 losing a lot of weight, and most people are living healthier lives.Chapter 4 Exercise (分值 7 分I. Vocabulary Skills (2 points)题目1Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (0. 4 points each)1. make sense2. pedestrians3. vehicle4. teenager5. fine1 make sense2.pedestrians3 vehicle4 .teenager5.fine答案:to be reasonable or necessarypeople traveling on foot, walkingsomething like a car or truck used to transport peoplea person over 12 and under 2Q years oldmoney to be paid as a punishmentIL Reading Comprehension (5 points)Complete the following statements by choosing the best from the answers A, B, C, or D. (1 point each)These days, it s getting easier and easier to find your way around. Some people have GPS devices in theircars to make sure they don t get lost. GPS stands for Global Positioning System. These devices use satellites in space to see” where you are and give you directions to where you want to go. And if you don t have a GPS device, you can simply go online to get step-by-step directions. Websites like MapQ and mappoint, msn. com can produce a map and directions in just a few seconds. But how do they do it?MapQuest uses data (information) from a few different sources to produce directions and maps. Before MapQuest went online, it sold regular paper maps in places like gas stations. The website uses the data from those paper maps, information from digital mapping companies, and government databases. At the moment, MapQuest uses more than 30 computers to read all this data and provides users with millions of maps every day.In order to find the best route (way or path) from one place to another, MapQuest first has to look at all possible routes. Then MapQuest looks at each part of each possible route. It considers the types of roads on the different routes. Are they dirt roads, paved roads, freeways, or city streets? It looks at how many turns there are in each route and what kinds of turns they are. Are they right turns or left turns? It also considers the speed limit on each road and how many intersections there are. An intersection is a place where two or more roads cross each otherv .MapQuest can also tell you how long your trip will take you. It does this by doing some math. MapQuest bases its estimated driving times on the length and speed limit of each part of the route and the amount of time it probably takes to get through each intersection. For example, it allows more time for a left turn at an intersection than it does for a right turn. Someday, maybe we will have cars that can just driveus wherever we want to go, but for now, mapping websites make it a little harder to get lost. 题目26. What is the main ideaof this article?选择一项:A.Why mapping websitesdon t work well.B.Why mapping websitesare better than paper maps.C.How mapping websiteswork.D.How the first mapping website started.题目37. According to the article, MapQuest选择一项：A. started as maker of government databases.B. started as an Internet company.C. uses millions of computers to read data.D. starting by selling paper maps.题目48. When you search for directions, the first thing MapQuest does is选择一项：A. consider how many turns you want to take.B. print out a map and directions.C. estimate driving time.D. look at all possible paths.题目59. When it s deciding on the best route, MapQuest probably chooses 选择一项：A. the route with the most turns.B. dirt roads instead of paved roads.C. freeways instead of dirt roads.D. city streets instead of freeways.题目610. To estimate your driving time, MapQuest considers 选择一项：A. the distance between turns on your route.B. the speed limit for half of the route.C. the fastest and slowest speed limits on your route.D. the speed limits and types of turns on your route.Chapter 5 Exercise (分值 7 分)I. Reading Comprehension (5 points)Read the five main-idea questions that follow about the information in the reading. Three details correctlyanswer each question. Cross out the untrue, unrelated detail. (1 point each )题目11. What are the definitions of the two main types of families?选择一项：A. Human beings lived in loosely-related groups. Each group had a common ancestor long time ago.B. The nuclear family consists of two parents and their biological or adopted children.C. The extended family may include grandparents, parents, children and relatives living together on the same street or in the same area.D. The nuclear family is the same as the extended family. 题目22. What are the reasons for the changes in the structure of the family?选择一项：A. The divorce rate went down and the birthrate began to rise in the early 1900s in the United States-B. Couples did not want many children then.C. In the early 1900s in the United States, the divorce rated went down and the birthrate went down.D. At that time, couples were staying married for few years.题目33. What happened to families in industrialized countries in the 1930s and 1940s?选择一项：A. Before and during World War II, families faced few financial problems and