非限制性定语从句

U ni t 5 G r a mma r 定 语 从 句 ( 非 限 制 性 定 语 从 句 )一概述非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号隔开，如若将非限定性定语从句放在句子中间，起前后都需要 用逗号隔开。1) The other day I met Li Lei, who seemed to be very busy. 不久前的一天我碰上李雷了,他好象很忙。2) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.? 他妈妈很爱他，对他要求很严格。 非限制性定语从句和单句的比较1) He failed in the exam _It_ made his parents angry.2) He failed in the exam; iLmade his parents angry.3) He failed in the exam, _which made his parents angry.二.非限制性定语从句应注意以下几点：(一)非限制性定语从句中的关系词：1 关系代词如下表所示：指代对象代指人代指物主格whowhich, as宾格whom所有格of whom, whoseof which, whose1) The house, we bought last month, is very nice. 这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。2) Miss Howe, you met in the library, is our new teacher.3) Yesterday i bought a T-shirt, only cost me 18 Yuan.4) Toms father, is over sixty, still works hard day and night.汤姆的父亲已经六十多岁了，但他仍然从早到晚忙碌地工作。5) Li Ming, mother has been ill for two days, is absent from school today.6) Yesterday she sold her car, she bought a month ago.7) Johns wife, woks in Beijing ,came back home yesterday.注意：非限制性定语从句中关系代词 which/whom 在从句中作宾语时，不可省略。1) This book, which you can get at any bookshop, will give you all the information you need.这本书会给你提供所有你需要的资料，它在任何一家书店都能买到。2) This morning I met Tom, whom I hadnt seen for ages.今天早上我碰见汤姆，我很多年未见到他了。2.关系副词有when和where；关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句，要用for which代替。1) Yesterday Jimmy left for Canada,he had stayed two years.昨天，吉米动身到加拿大去了，他曾在那儿呆了两年。2) The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949,he was born.3) I had told them the reason,I didnt attend the meeting.(二) 关系代词前介词的选择。1. 依据定语从句中动词的习惯搭配来确定1) I bought a great many books, which I spent all my money that I saved.我买了很多书，这些书花了我所有的积蓄。2) This project, which I have devoted lots of time, will be a great success.这项工程我投入了很多时间，肯定能成功。2. 依据先行词的某种习惯搭配来确定1) Ill never forget the time, during which I spent my childhood in the country.我永远不会忘记我在乡村度过的童年时光。2) Her bag, in which she put all her books, has not been found.用适当的介词填空：1) In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _whom she could turn for help.2) At last we found the hole in the wall which the mouse got into the house last night.(三)含有“不定代词both/some/any/all/none等或基数词+of which/whom“结构的非限制性定语从句1) He has three sons, all of whom are college students.2) There are 51 students in Class Three， none of whom failed in the monthly examination last week.3) Here are the questions, some of which I thought are difficult for you.4) Present at the meeting were almost experts on DNA, most of whom came from the US.出席会议的大都是DNA专家，其中大部分来自美国。5) I have three foreign teachers, two of whom are from Canada.填空： We shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of are healthy.小贴士此类题解题的关键是看句中的标号。 如果是逗号，通常考虑关系词，反之，考虑人称代词。1) He has two sons. Both of are teachers.2) He has two sons, both of are teachers.(四)关系代词as的用法1. as 与 which 都可以代指主句整个句子的内容，有时可以互换He is a doctor ,as/which we know from his manner.2. 区别点：A. as 引导的定语从句可以放在句首，而 which 则不能。B. as 意为“正如”，后面的谓语动词多是 see, know, expect, say, mention, report, announce等；which意为“这一点”。1) He didnt know French, which made it difficult for him to study at a university in France.2) Smoking is harmful to ones health,as we know,3) As we know,more than seventy percent of the earth is covered with water. 正如我们所知,地球表面的 70%以上被水覆盖。4) He came back home late, as we expected.正如我们所料，他回家晚了。 注意：as的固定结构：She is late, as is often the case.她迟到了，这是经常的事Taiwan, as you know, is an inseparable part of China.你知道，台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。As is announced in the papers,our country has launched another man-made earth satellite . 报纸宣布,我国又发射了一颗人造地球卫星。Ive never heard such a wonderful song ashes singing.即学即练：1) The number of the students in senior high schools is increasing ，is mentioned above，2) is often the case with elder people ，my grandma talked about my new hairstyle for at least50 minutes nonstop. 比较：It is so heavy a box as no man can lift. 这是一个没有人搬得动的大盒子。It is so heavy a box that no man can lift it.This is such a novel as all people,both young and old,like to read 。This is such a novel as all people,both young and old,like to read it. 高考链接：1. I walked in our garden, Tom and Jim were tying a big sign onto one of the trees.2. The Beatles, many of you are old enough to remember, came from Liverpool.3. She was educated at Beijing University, she went on to have her advanced study abroad.4. Last week, only two people came to look at the house ， wanted to buy it.(5. It is reported that two schools, are being built in my hometown, will open next year.6. The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a number of factors, are beyond our control.7. They will fly to Washington, they plan to stay for two or three days.8. Many children, parents are away working in big cities, are taken good care of in the village 9. Whenever I met her, was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile.10. As a child, Jack studied in a village school, is named after his grandfather.11. The settlement is home to nearly 1,000 people, many of left their village homes for a better lifein the city.12. Our teacher urges us to form a good habit of learning ，we think will benefit us in the13. Remember that there is still one pointwe must make clear at the conference tomorrow.14. All the neighbors admire this family ，the children and parents build up a friendly relationship.15. As to the unemployment，the government has taken a series of measures in many areas ，I amsure，will benefit the people out of work.16The reason he was late again was that he was caught in a traffic jam in the rush hour. 117.I hate the way you talk to your mother.18. You think the reason he gave is believable.19. is reported in the newspaper , talks between the two countries are making progress.20. Is this museum they visited last month? ?21. Where did you meet him first ?It was in the hotel _he stayed.22. David is such a good boy all the teachers like.23. A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around I can get somemedicine for my wounded hand?”24. They put forward a lot of plans at the meeting, but none of were carried out in their work.25. Sundays there were a lot of children playing in the park, parents were seated together joking.(2014 辽宁卷)Dear Jeremy and Alice,us. In a word, your dogCleo.Weve called several time about Cleos earl y morning barking. It is difficult to understanding why she barks every minute shes outside. The early morning barking have been disturbing us as wc arc often up all night with the baby. Beside, Cleo tends to bark a average of six hours a day. This morning she starts barking even before 5 oclock. That is too much for us. considering how closely the houses are.We appreciate our apologies and goodwill, but we hope that you can figure a good way of settling the matter.（2014 陕西卷）My father took me out camping for the first time when I was seven. He wanted teach me about animals, insects and trees. My uncles all come along with bows and arrows for hunting.One evening at sunset, we sat by the fire, have our barbecue. Just then a bird was flying over us.My uncles immediate jumped up and shot their arrows on the bird. Neither of the arrows hit the target.Suddenly the arrows was flying down at us from the sky they were looked like rain! We ran to escape but fortunately no one was injured.That day I didnt learn much about animals, insects or trees, but I learnt a impressive lesson about gravity!【答案】去掉us前面的to【试题解析】动词 bother 困扰，麻烦；这是一个及物动词，后面直接加宾语，不需要使用介词 to。2. 【答案】 time 改为 times【试题解析】本句中的time表示“次数”，是一个可数名词，前面有severa 1修饰，说明使用复数 形式。3. 【答案】 understanding 改为 understand【试题解析】本句中的it是一个形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to understand why:； 不定式结构中 to 后面要接动词原形。4. 【答案】 have 改为 has【试题解析】本句的主语是单个的动名词短语the early morning barking，做主语时，谓语动词要使用单数形式。5. 【答案】beside改为beside【试题解析】介词beside以为“在旁边”；本句中的besides是一个副词“而且”，单独使用， 表示递进关系。6. 【答案】 bark 后面的 a 改为 an【试题解析】名词average是以元音开始的单词，所以使用an修饰average of。7. 【答案】 starts 改为 started【试题解析】本句叙述的是具体早晨发生的事情，也就是过去所发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时 started。8. 【答案】 closely 改为 close【试题解析】本句 how close the houses are 中的 close 本应该是在系动词 are 的后面，构成系表结构 are close。 Closely 是一个副词，副词通常不能和许系动词连用构成系表结构的。9. 【答案】 our 改为 your【试题解析】句义：我们很欣赏你的歉意。根据后面的 you 可知对方是来道歉的。10. 【答案】 figure 后面加 out【试题解析】固定搭配 figure out 找到，算出。我们希望你能够找到一个解决问题的好方法。1. 【答案】 wanted 后面加 to【试题解析】固定搭配want to do sth想要做某事；to是不能省略的，不定式to do sth作为want的 宾语。2. 【答案】 come 改为 came【试题解析】根据本文第一句可知讲述的是过去发生的事情，所以使用一般过去时，所以使用cameo3. 【答案】 have 改为 having【试题解析】本句中动词have与句子主语we构成逻辑上的主动关系，所以使用现在分词在句中做 状语。4. 【答案】 immediate 改为 immediately【试题解析】本句中应该使用副词immeately来修饰谓语动词jumped，在句中做状语。形容词 immediate 不能做状语。5. 【答案】 on 改为 at【试题解析】固定搭配shoot.at不能使用介词on。At表示瞄准的对方或者方向。6. 【答案】 Neither 改为 none【试题解析】代词neither表示两者都不；而本句中没有提及两者，应该是有很多的鸟。故使用 none 表示三者或者三者以上的全部否定。7. 【答案】 was 改为 were【试题解析】本句的主语是复数名词arrows，所以谓语动词使用复数形式were。8 【答案】去掉 were 或者 looked【试题解析】本句是指箭如雨下，要么使用look like看起来像.；要么使用be like像样。9. 【答案】 but 改为 and【试题解析】我们四处逃跑，很幸运的是没有人受伤。根据上下文语境可知表示并列关系。10. 【答案】 a 改为 an【试题解析】后面的形容词impressive是以元音开始的，所以使用an。