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Period 2 A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language(Revise the Appositive ) IntroductionIn this period students will be first helped by the teacher to discover and learn to use some useful words and collocations, and then to discover and learn to use the following useful structures: the appositive . The following steps of teaching may be taken: warming up by reading aloud to the tape the text CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?；learning about appositive；building up on your word power；discovering useful words and collocations；discovering and distinguishing；closing down by talking about cloning. ObjectivesTo help students revise the Appositive ) To help students discover and learn to use some useful words and collocationsTo help students discover and learn to use some useful structuresProcedures1. Warming up by reading aloud to the tape the text CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US?2. Learning about appositiveWhat is an Appositive? An appositive is a noun, noun phrase, or noun clause which follows a noun or pronoun and renames or describes the noun or pronoun. A simple appositive is an epithet like Alexander the Great. Appositives are often set off by commas. Example: We visited the home of Harriet Beecher Stowe, the author of Uncle Toms Cabin.(The underlined portion is the appositive.)Appositive PhrasesAn appositive phrase is a type of noun phrase that follows the noun or pronoun it modifies and amplifies or restricts its meaning.Our monitor, a careful reader and outspoken critic, will examine the article before it is handed to the headmaster. The italicized phrase is an appositive.Appositive phrases are similar to relative clauses; to avoid wordiness, relative clauses can often be reduced to appositive phrases.3. Building up on your word power To build up on your word power you are to make sentences with the collocations from the text: CLONING：WHERE IS IT LEADING US? You may try to include as many uses of the Appositive as possible.1. This is a way of learning English, the most popular language in the word.2. People in the future will make an exact copy of themselves.3. We may grow human beings in a laboratory in the near future.4. They are identical in sex and appearance.5. This mysterious thing is produced from coals.6. The natural clones of these plants have two major uses, one for eating, one for reproduction.7. At all the time, producing commercial quantities of concrete things is difficult.8. We are going on with our research on the cloning of animals.9. The determination and patience of students will be rewarded with a breakthrough in cloning.10. Following the progress of English development we shall come to a conclusion that this world language is becoming simpler in sentence structure.4. Discovering useful words and collocations.A collocation is two or more words that often go together. These combinations just sound right to native English speakers, who use them all the time. Now you may go to page 13. Finish the four words and collocations exercises in groups of four.5. Discovering and distinguishingTo find out and write down all the examples of the Appositive ) you are to read the text Cloning: Where is it leading us?The fact that she seemed to develop normally was very encouragingThen came the disturbing news that Dolly had become seriously ill. Altogether Dolly lived for six years，half the length of the life of the original sheep.Some more examples of the AppositiveMr. Smith, our new teacher, is very kind to us.Yesterday I met Tom, a friend of my brothers.He himself told me that his brother John is a world-famous doctor.Yesterday I talked to my English teacher, Mr. James.We Chinese people are brave and hardworking.He is interested in sports, especially ball games.There are differences between appositive clauses and attributive clauses.同位语从句仅仅出目前belief, conclusion, doubt, fact, hope, idea, knowledge, law, message, news, notion, order, proof, rumor, sign, suggestion, theory, thought等抽象名词旳背面，用于深入阐明或解释该名词旳内容。同位语从句一般只能由that引导，一般不能省略。 例1：There are signs that restaurants are becoming more popular wit h families 例2：Have you heard the news that he will be promoted? 同位语从句有时可用whether或其他连接词来引出 ，但不能用if。 例：The question whether we ought to call in a specialist was answered by the family doctor 同位语从句与定语从句旳区别：同位语从句中旳that只起连接作用，不充当语法 成分；而定语从句中旳that为关系代词，在句中充当一定旳成分，其人称和数须与其先行词 保持一致。 例1：The fact that we have inflation makes it hard for us to buy the food we need同位语从句例2：A high crime rate exists in cities that have a large percentage of unemployment定语从句同位语从句与其先行词之间有时用逗号与其他成分分开，这种状况被称为非限制性同位语从句，用that引导。绝不能认为是非限制性定语从句而用which引导。 例：A label must not be misleading And it is the law, too, that manufactures must list their names and places of business on their labels.Now you may go to page 14 and do the three structure exercises.6. Closing down by talking about cloningA: Hi, Li Qin. What are you dong?B: Oh. I am busying looking for the clonings message. Do you know what is clone?A; Yes, I do. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal and plant.B: I see. Why do people clone the animals and plants?A: Well, cloning has two major usesFirstly, gardeners use it all the time to produce commercial quantities of plants. Secondly, it is valuable for research on new plant species and medical research on animalsB: Is it easy to clone the animals?A: No, it isnt. Its very hard. to clone animals.B: I think so. I heard that the scientists cloned the sheep Dolly. Is it true?A: Yes, it is. Altogether Dolly lived for six years and successfully produced a lamb in a natural birth it died early. B: Sounds both great and sad! But why only lived for six years?A: I dont know. Maybe she had got an illness. But I know it had a great impact on the media and public. Governments even became nervous and many forbade research into human cloning.B: Haha. I see. Because people wonder whether cloning will help or harm us and where it is leading us to.A: Very clever.B: Thanks for your giving me so much help.A: You are welcome
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