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Whatisaclimaxofastory?（什么是故事高潮？）Moretension=satisfyingclimax文学故事中的高潮（climax）故事的主要场景（keyscene）也通常是故事的转折点（turningpoint）,是指故事达到最紧张或扣人心弦的那一部分。高潮有时候是剧情中的危机点。有时候,它只是达到关键时刻或者转折点,发生了一些事情,或者主角必须做出决定,从而导致一个结果或其他。我们在分析叙事类故事或者小说故事的时候常常用下面的图表来表示故事情节。RisingJTi/s/ndiidss/Ae:口Fhttpg/tejna/nproblem*血rocfcjGf&nshartm/ars-antf-jesoZcfjtfo/rJTWjtfs/sow柄和护tfrtsfu护Olimax7/rfyisW/nsnf/wjprub/omgache*ahiffhpafnf!StoryJltounfain常见故事高潮示例：1. Alittlegirlhasbeensearchingforherlostdog.Allofasudden,shehearsabarkcomingfromaroundthecorner,andshelooksaroundtosee.2. Kevinhasworkedveryhardtotryoutforthesoccerteamatschool.Thecoachhaspostedalistofthisyearsteammembersonhisofficedoor.Kevinwalksforwardtolookatthelist.3. Marysparentshavebeendiscussingwhetherornottomovetoanotherstate.TheycallMaryandhersisterdowntotalkwiththemabouttheirdecision.4. Loishasperformedinthestategymnasticsfinals.Shewaitsanxiouslytohearthenamesofthewinners.Theannouncersays,Andfirstplacegoesto.文学名著中的一些故事高潮1. ThedeathsofRomeo（whokillshimselfbecausehethinksJulietisdead）andJuliet（whokillsherselfwhensheawakesandseesRomeodead）.RomeoandJuliet,Shakespeare（罗密欧和朱丽叶，莎士比亚）2. WhenGastonandthetownspeoplecometoattackthebeast,andBelleadmitsherloveforthebeast.BeautyandtheBeast,Disney（美女与野兽，迪士尼）3. InTheThreeLittlePigs,suspensebuildsupuntiltheconfrontationbetweenthethirdpigandthewolf.Thisconfrontationistheclimax.（三只小猪）Howtocreateaclimaxofastory?（如何营造故事的高潮？）方法1.增加外部冲突增加外部冲突是一种明显有效的可以达到故事高潮的方式。冲突带来紧迫感,将故事推向必要的解决或崩溃。1）角色之间的冲突（人物观点差异,竞争需要等）如：2017年11月浙江英语高考：Onthefourthorfifthnight,wehadtroublefindingahotelwithavacancy.Afterdrivinginvainforsometime,Momsuddenlygotagreatidea:Whydidntwefindahousewithalikely-lookingbackyardandaskifwecouldsetuptentthere?DavidandIbecamenervous.开车找旅馆-徒劳无功-母亲建议搭帐篷在他人后院-David和我倍感紧张，心有不悦（母子的观点不一）2）角色与环境之间的冲突如：2017年6月浙江英语高考：ThenMacheardquickandloudbreathingbehindhimhesawinstantlythatitwasntadogatall,butawolf:quicklycatchingupwithhim.Macsheartjumped.,hefiredthesprayatthewolf.Abrightredcloudenvelopedtheanimal,andtoMacsrelief,itfellback,shakingitshead.Butaminutelater,.Thenit,tearingopenhistentbag.Hefiredatthewolfasecondtime,andagain,itfellbackMac骑车独自行，路遇饿狼，与之搏斗，险象环生。（人（角色）-狼（环境）大战）3）时间依赖的发展：决策变得紧急如：2017年6月浙江英语高考：Thecarabruptlystoppedinfrontofhim.Getintothecar.PaulshoutedatMac.MacjumpedoffthebikeandslidintothecarwithoutdelayasthewolfwasjusttwostepsawayandwasabouttotearMacintopieces.Whatanarrowescape!骑车突停面前-急喊上车-Max上车避险-饿狼近在咫尺（此情此景，刻不容缓）4）增加的障碍：人物角色必须克服挑战,以达到他们的目标例如：2018年6月高考Butbeforewejumpedoffthehorses,wefoundthatwehadbeenoffthebeatentrackandgotlost.Wehadnoideawherewewereanditgotdark.Exhaustedandhungry,Iwonderedifwecouldfindourwayback.小兔突现-马儿受惊-草原迷路（障碍1）天色渐黑（障碍2）又累又饿（障碍3）心理恐慌（障碍4）方法2.放大内心冲突放大内心冲突（你的角色的内心斗争）也有助于建立一个高度紧张和不确定的时刻。现在我们在来看高考读后续写中的内心冲突是如何体现的：2016年10月浙江高考：Immediately,anabsolutedarknessruledtheforest.Jane,exhaustedandscared,laydownnearastone,missingherfamilyatadistance.Allthefantasticmemorycrowdedinandshecouldnthelpcrying,HadntIquarrelledwithTom,walkedawayandclimbedtothehighplace,Iwouldntbetrappedinthisawfulplace,confrontedwiththedangerofdying.”Sheregrettedwithendlessanxiety,andthenbecameasleepwithshiningtearsinhereyes.夫妇争吵-独自行走-荒野走散-夜色渐黑-独处森林-阴森恐怖-后悔莫及（内心冲突的刻画）内心独白（往昔对比+虚拟语气使用+旁边描写是常见技巧之一）方法3.使用环境描写增加不确定性充分利用环境描写可以起到烘托故事高潮的作用，具体方法可以看上期读后续写微技能。当故事角色在碰到困难时候，我们往往要加大笔墨来描写故事环境的黑暗，恐怖和不祥。强化环境描写增强了高潮元素。我们感受到了紧张的倍增。例1:Immediately,anabsolutedarknessruledtheforest（黑暗）.Evenworse,thetemperaturesuddenlydroppeddramatically.（寒冷）例2：Itdidnttakelongfortheforesttobeenvelopedindarkness（黑暗）.Herraspingbreathsteamed（寒冷）inthemoonlightandherthroatwasparchedfromthirst.如何通过场景营造（mood）Technique1:Personification（拟人）Description/purpose:Givesanobjectthecharacteristicsofalivingthing,bringingittolifeExamples：Theflowersnodded.Snowflakesdanced.Thundergrumbled.Fog.crept_in.Thewindhowled.Thehauntedhouseseemedtostare_atme,beckoningmetowardsthedoor.Technique-2：-SimiIe.（明喻）Description/purpose:SimileslikenssomethingtosomethingelsegivingamoredetaileddescriptionExamples：Thenightskywasas_dark一as_the一deepest一ocean.Thestars一sparkled_like_diamonds.Thesnakemoved_like_a_ripple_on_a_pond.Technique_3:_metaphor_（暗喻）Description/purpose:Metaphorssaythatsomethingissomethingelse,givingthedescriptionmorepowerExamples：A_wave_of_terror_washedoverhim.Technique_4:Vivid_adjectives_（生动的形容词）Description/purpose:Tomakethestorymoreinterestingandvividbyusingmoreimaginativedescriptions,sometimesinalistExamples：Gleaming,glistening,whispery_flakesofsnowTechnique_5:_Negative_description_（否定描述）Description/purpose:Totellthereaderwhatisnotthereisaneffectivewayofshowinghowunpleasant,comfortlessaplaceisExamples：Therewasno_cushion，一no_carpet,_no_warmth,_no_light_and_no_comfort.Technique_6:_Camera-pan_and_zoom_（摄影-全景+放大）Description/purpose:Tousetheideaofhowafilmdirectorworks,youcangiveawiderviewthenfocusinononedetailExamples：Fromthewitheringtreeshelookedpastthelittered_farmyard,acrosstothedecrepithovel.Its_doors.hungsadlyawry,the_handle_broken.Technique一7:一Nouns一for_details_（细节名词）Description/purpose:Scenesarefilledwiththingsthatweseeandthereforeuseslotsofnouns,evenlistsofnounstoconveywhatisthere.Examples：Therooms_werecrowdedwithlanterns_fastenedonoakaneledwalls,tables,laidwith_silvercandlesticksandgoblets.Technique一8:Senses（感官）Description/purpose:Allofoursensesbecomeawareinanewsituationorplace.Yourreaderneedstoknowhowyourcharacterarefeeling.Examples：Wafts_of_salt-laden_airwereinhernostrilsasthe_skittery_sand_on_her_feetledhertotheedgeofthewaves.Goodsettingdescriptionforappreciation（佳“景”赏析）1. Thehousesmelledmustyanddamp,andalittlesweet,asifitwerehauntedbytheghostsoflong-deadcookies.2. Thesunkeptdippingdownintotheoceanandthelightscameonattheharbor,castingsuddenshadowsontheground,illuminatingthefacesthatwerejustasecondagosilhouettes.Theskywasgoldenandpurple,theoceanadarkershadeofviolet.3. Thesunhadset,butafaintpastelhazelingeredinthemid-summersky.4. Theyrolledupthepath,treebranchesrakingthewindshieldlikeangrywardens.5. Outside,theairfilledwithcricketnoise,asthesunreddenedinitsdescent.6. ArestaurantoverlookingastarlitnightsprangtomyimaginationlikesomethingoutofanilluminatedmanuscriptfromthelateMiddleAges.7. Themoonwentslowlydowninloveliness;shedepartedintothedepthofthehorizon,andlongveil-likeshadowscreptuptheskythroughwhichthestarsappeared.8. Allbrightnesswasgone,leavingnothing.Westeppedoutofthetentontonothing.Sledgeandtentwerethere,Estravenstoodbesideme,butneitherhenorIcastanyshadow.Therewasdulllightallaround,everywhere.Whenwewalkedonthecrispsnownoshadowshowedthefootprint.Weleftnotrack.Sledge,tent,himself,myself:nothingelseatall.Nosun,nosky,nohorizon,noworld.9. Nighthadfallenfastupontheland.Nomorethananhouragotheskywaspaintedwithhuesofred,orangeandpink,butallcolourhadfadedleavingonlyamattblackcanvaswithnostarstobelookedupon.10Itwouldbeacoldmoonlessnight.Theskywasdarkandlow,theairsochilledithurttobreathe.Alreadythegroundwaslaidwhitewithfrostandanywaterthathadbeenliquidunderthewintersunhadbecomeice.如何写好读后续写的开头1. AnadverbCarefully,_hesteppedoverallthebrokenglass.Joyfullyheskippedupthestreet.Para1:（201610浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Paral:Butnomorehelicopterscameanditwasgettingdarkagain._Immediately,_an_absolute_darkness_ruled_the_forest._（时间副词衔接+环境描写）2. Anadj.phraseCurious_to_know_what_was_inside,hetiptoedintothedarkcave.Unable_to_say_a_word,hewasrootedtothespot.（201610浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Para1:Butnomorehelicopterscameanditwasgettingdarkagain.Desperate_and_hopeless,Janekneltdown,tearsstreamingdownherface.（并列情绪形容词）（201610浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Para2:ItwasdaybreakwhenJanewokeup.Weak_as_she_was,shestruggledtoherfeet,continuingsearchingforassistance.（状态形容词+as/though引导的倒装句）（201806浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Para1:Suddenlyalittlerabbitjumpedoutinfrontofmyhorse.一Afraidthat丄might_hurt_the_lovely_small_creature,Iautomaticallyletoutacrytostopmyhorse.（情绪形容词+从句）（201806浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Para2:Wehadnoideawherewewereanditgotdark.Exhausted_andhungry,Iwonderedifwecouldfindourwayback.3. Aparticiple（-ingor-edword）Lookingaroundhimcautiously,heslippedintotheroomandsoftlyclosedthedoor.Exhausted,hewasgladtheracewasfinallyover.（201610浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Para1:Butnomorehelicopterscameanditwasgettingdarkagain.Feelingdisappointed,Janehadtostayaloneforanothernight.（现在分词+情绪形容词）（201610浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Para2:ItwasdaybreakwhenJanewokeup.Feelingrefreshed,shecontinuedtowalkalongthestreamtofindthewayout.（现在分词+状态形容词）4. AconjunctionAshewalked,hewhistledAlthoughhewasafraid,hejumpedrightin.5. AprepositionalphraseAttheendofthelanehesuddenlystopped.Atthesightofthesnake,thelittlegirlscreamedatthetopofhervoice.6. Adialogueoramonologue“Letsseewhogetstherefirst!”Rachelshouted,asshepedaledfastandzoomedpastJenny.“Holdontight!”Myfatheryelled.Wejustfinishedbuckinginasthecoasterjerkedintomotion.Thiswasmyfirstrollercoasterride.（201706浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Para1:Thecarabruptlystoppedinfrontofhim.Get_into_thecar._PauI_shouted_at_Mac._7. AcharacterMark_is_a_studious_boy_who_Ioves_reading._His_cIassmates_often_tease_him_for_being_toohardworking_and_they_caII_him_Mr._Smart.Oneafternoon,whilestudyingathome.8. AnemotionThemomentshesawhowshedidforherSciencetest,tears_started_weIIing_up_in_Tinas_eyes_andfalling_down_her_cheeks.9. AsettingIclosed一my_eyes一to_enjoy一the一gentle一breeze一and_the一sounds一of_the一clashing一waves.Gently一opening_myeyes,_I_saw_my_parents_taking,arelaxingstrollalongthebeach.The_cave_was_dark_and_everything_was_siIent._I_couIdnt_even_see_my_hand_in_front_of_my_face._IknewthisadventurewasgoingtobesomethingthatIwouldneverforget.（201711浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Para2:Wedrovethroughseveralstatesandsawlotsofgreatsightsalongtheway.,I_looked_out_of_the_car_window,_winding_rivers,_lofty_mountains,_sunny_beachesand_deep_valleys_holding_me_entirely_in_their_fascination._（视觉+环境描写+拟人）10. AnactionFurrystarted_wagging_his_tail_and_running_around_in_circleswhenhesawhismastertakingaleashoutfromthedrawer.Furrywasallreadyforhiseveningwalk.（201711浙江高考读后续写范文摘录）Para1:Thenextdaywerememberedthebrand-newtentwehadbroughtwithus.,Dad_exchanged_a_gIance_with_me._Why_not_camp_to_satisfy_Mom?_（动作描写+问句衔接）11. SoundeffectsBOOM,_CRASH!_Thewindwashowlingoutsideofmyhouse.Wewerehavingaterriblethunderstorm.Iwasveryscared.12. AquestionHave_you_ever_been_on_a_self-driving_trip?_Letmetellyouanexcitingtripmyfamilytookthissummer.Why_does_troubIe_aIways_foIIow_me_around?_Do_I_have_a_kick_me_sign_on_my_back_or_something?其他神态动作描写:Davidexcitedlynarratedourexperience,eyesblazingwithenthusiasm.Worriescametohisforeheadwhenheexplainedthetrouble.Asmileliftedthecornerofhismouthwhenitcametocamping.6
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