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Unit 4 Body language,知识归纳,知识清单,(一) 基本单词 1. _ vt. 代表; 象征 2. _ vt. 成熟的,represent,approach,major,adult,单词,5. _ adj. 可能的 6. _ n. 作用; 功能; 职能 vi. 起作用; 运转 7. _ n. 安逸; 舒适 vt. 减轻(痛苦, 忧虑) 8. _ adj. 主观的,likely,function,ease,subjective,(二) 派生单词 9. _ n. 陈述; 说明 _ vt. 陈述;说明 10. _ n. 社团; 联系; 联想 _ vt. 把联系起来 11. _ adj. 好奇的 _ adv. 好奇地 _ n. 好奇心,statement,state,association,associate,curious,curiously,curiosity,12. _ vt. 保护; 保卫 _ n. 防御; 保卫 13. _ vt. 误解; 误会_ n. 误解; 误会 14. _ adj. 口语的 _ adj. 未说出口的; 非口语的,defend,defence,misunderstand,misunderstanding,spoken,unspoken,1. 保卫以免受 _ 2. 很可能; 有希望 _ 3. 总的来说; 通常 _ 4. 舒适; 快活; 自由自在 _ 5. 丢脸 _ 6. 背对 _ 7. 以基础 _ 8. 小心 _,defend against/from,be likely to,in general,at ease,lose face,turn ones back to,be based on,watch out,短语,However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. (be likely to do sth. 有可能做某事) 在大家庭成长的孩子很可能与其他人相处的更好。 Children, who grow up in a large family, _ get along well with others.,are likely to,句式,核心要点,一、单词 1. represent vt. 代表; 描绘; 体现; 象征; 宣称; 说明; 使明白,课本原句 Yesterday, another student and I, representing our universitys student association, went to the Capital International Airport to meet this years international students. 昨天，我和另一个同学代表我们大学的学生会，去首都国际机场迎接今年的国际学生。,【归纳】 represent sb. as/to be. 宣布某人为 represent sth. to sb. 向某人说明某事; 向某人传达某事 represent oneself as/to be. 自称是,represent/ on behalf of/ stand for represent常用于代表某人、某集团、某政府等; 也可用于表示某种标志代表什么。 on behalf of 为介词短语, 常作状语, 表示“代表/ 代替”。 stand for其主语往往是符号、数字、字母等, 表示“象征”。,用represent/on behalf of/stand for的适当 形式填空。 (1) He was chosen to _ our school at the meeting. (2) What does “MVP” _? (3) The lawyer spoke _ his client.,represent,stand for,on behalf of,2. curiously adv. 好奇地,【拓展】 curious adj. 好奇的 curiosity n. 好奇心,课文原句After half an hour of waiting for their flight to arrive, I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. 在等了半个小时之后，我看见几个年轻人走进了等候区，好奇地向四周张望。,【归纳】 be curious about. 对好奇 be curious to do 很想做; 急于做 It is curious that.(should). 是很奇怪的(从句中用should动词原形) out of curiosity 出于好奇 in/with curiositycuriously 好奇地,完成句子。 (1) He _ (感到很好奇) the people who lived upstairs. (2) The reporter _ (很想知道) whether the official is involved in the case.,was very curious about,is curious to know,3. approach v. 接近; 靠近; 走近 n. 接近; 方法; 途径,课文原句 Tony approached Julia, touched her shoulder and kissed her on the cheek！ 托尼走近朱莉娅，摸了摸她的肩，并亲了亲她的脸！,【归纳】 approach sb. on sth. 就某事与某人洽谈(商量, 交涉) be approaching 快到了 at the approach of 在快到的时候 make an approach to 向提出建议或要求 approach to 接近; 近似; 约等于; (做某事的)方法/方式/态度,approach way means method 四者都有“方式”“方法”“途径”之意, 但 approach侧重指待人, 做事或思考问题的方式; way为一般用语; means指为达到某种目的或目标而采用的方法、手段或途径; method指有规律的, 有条理的做法。, 表达“做的方法”时各自的搭配分别是： the approach to (doing) sth. the way to do/of (doing) sth. the means of (doing) sth. the method of (doing) sth. 分别与不同的介词搭配： with this method, in this way, by this means,用approach/way/means/method的适当形式 填空。 (1) He told me a new _ to the study of English. (2) You must solve this problem with different _. (3) The blocks are raised by _ of pulleys (滑轮). (4) There are several possible _ of payment.,approach,methods,means,ways,【归纳】 defend sb./ sth. from/ against sb. /sth. 保护某人(某物)免受伤害; 保卫某人 (某物) defend oneself against sth 为自己辩护 in defence (of.) 保卫 in sb.s/ sth.s defence 为辩护; 在的防备下,4. defend vt. 保护; 保卫,用适当词填空或完成句子。 (1) She had to defend herself _ the guard dog. (2) The duty of a soldier is to _ (保卫国家),against,defend his country,【归纳】 major in 主修 a major subject 主修科目 major industries 主要工业 a major problem 重大问题,5. major adj. 较大的; 较重要的; 主要的 n. (主修)科目; 专业 vi. 主修,课文原句 I guess that there was probably a major misunderstanding！ 我猜这里可能有个大的误会！,一句多译。 在大学里她的专业是法语。 (1) _ (2) _,Her major is French at college.,She majors in French at college.,6. function n. 功能; 作用; 机能 vi. 运行; 起作用,课文原句 The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smileits function is to show happiness and put people at ease！ 最普遍使用的面部表情当然是微笑其作用是表示快乐和安人心静！,【拓展】 functional adj. 实用的 表示“起作用, 运行”的词还有work，operate等。 function as 起作用; 具有的功能,完成句子。 (1) My chair can also _ (当床用) (2) In your new job, you will be expected to _ (履行许多不同的职责),function as a bed,perform many different functions,1. in general 总的说来; 通常,短语,课文原句 In general, though, studying international customs can certainly help avoid difficulties in todays world of cultural crossroads! 总的来说，在当今文化交融的世界，学习不同国家的习俗肯定能帮助我们避免交往中的困难。,【拓展】 generally speaking 总的来说; 一般来说 in short 简言之; 总之 on the whole 总的来说 in a word 总之；简言之,完成句子。 (1) _ (一般来说), about 10% of the candidates are eventually offered positions. (2) _ (一般而言), there is a thriving black market in vehicle parts. (general),Generally speaking/ In general,Generally speaking/ In general,2. at ease 舒适; 快活; 自由自在,课文原句 The most universal facial expression is, of course, the smileits function is to show happiness and put people at ease.,【拓展】 with ease 轻易地; 毫不费力地 feel/look at ease 感到/看上去心情放松 put/set sb at (ones) ease 使某人放松、松弛 take ones ease 休息; 轻松一下 ease sb of sth 减轻(消除)某人(痛苦),完成句子。 (1) He _ (感到不自在) in the strange surroundings. (2) Youd better listen to some light music to _ (让自己放松 一下)。,didnt feel at ease,put yourself at ease,3. lose face 丢脸,课文原句 There are unhappy smiles, such as when someone “lose face” and smiles to hide it. 还有不愉快的微笑，比如当某人“丢了面子” 就会用微笑来掩饰。,【拓展】 in (the) face of 面对; 在情况下 face to face 面对面地 make a face/faces 做鬼脸 save ones face 保住面子 read ones face 观察某人的脸色 be faced with. 面临; 面对,用face的相关短语填空。 (1) He doesnt want to back down and risk _. (2) Ive never met her _. Weve only talked on the phone. (3) Mike _ the biggest challenge of his career.,losing face,face to face,is faced with,4. turn ones back to 背对; 背弃,课文原句 In most places around the world, frowning and turning ones back to someone shows anger. 在世界上大多数地方，皱眉或背对着某人都表示发怒。,【拓展】 turn back 往回走; 折回 get back 恢复; 取回 fight back 还击; 还手 bring back 归还 take back 带回; 收回 look back on/upon 回忆; 回顾 turn against (使)转为反对; (使)变成和敌对; 背叛,选用上述词汇完成下列情景。 The other day I went to school to _ (取回) my school bag. On the way back, I saw two tall boys ahead of me. They _ (回头看) now and then. Suddenly they _ (转身) and began to seize my bag. As a brave boy I decided to _ (还击). They were so frightened that they ran away as fast as possible.,get back,looked back,turned back,fight back,However, people from places like Spain, Italy or South American countries approach others closely and are more likely to touch them. 句中be likely to do.表示“很可能/有希望做”, 其主语是sb./sth.即构成“sb./sth. is likely to do sth”这一句型, 也可以使用“It is likely that.”句型, 但不能说“It is likely for sb. to do sth.”。如：,句式,It is likely that they will go to Italy for their honeymoon. They will be likely to go to Italy for their honeymoon. 他们有可能去意大利度蜜月。 He is likely to arrive a bit late. 他可能会晚到一会儿。,likely possible probable likely是指从外表、迹象上进行判断, 有可能发生; possible指客观上有可能, 但往往含有希望很小的意味; probable的可能性比possible大, 表示“很可能, 十有八九”。 可能性由小到大依次为possible, likely, probable。, likely既可以用人也可以用物作主语, 常用句型是: It is likely that.或sb./ sth. is likely to.; possible和probable都不能用人作主语, 常用句型有: It is possible (for sb.) to do sth.或It is possible that.; probable只能用It is probable that.句型。,完成句子。 1. If you can find suitable learning methods, your learning efficiency _ (可能会得到提高) 2. _ (有可能) the important meeting will be put off till next week.,is likely to be improved,It is likely/probable/possible that,语法,动词-ing形式作状语 动词-ing形式作状语可表示时间、条件、原因、结果、方式、让步或伴随情况等，其逻辑主语通常与句子的主语一致，动词-ing形式所表示的动作与主语之间构成逻辑上的主谓关系。如： Hearing the news, students all jumped with joy.,Working hard, youll certainly make your dream e true. Seeing nobody in the office, I decided to leave them a note. The child fell, striking his head against the door. Please fill in the blanks using the proper words below. Knowing all this, they still made me pay for the damage. She went out of the room, taking the flowers with her.,动词-ing形式的完成式所表示的动作发生在主句谓语动作之前。如： Having finished his homework, David went to bed. Having lived there for ten years, I knew the place very well.,动词-ing形式的否定形式常在其前面加not。如： Not seeing Susan, I asked where she was. Not having done it right, he tried again. 动词-ing形式作状语，其前往往可以加when, while, if, unless, once, though, as if等连词，构成“连词+动词-ing形式”结构。 John hurt his leg while playing football. The woman stopped for a while as if waiting for a reply.,用括号内动词的正确形式完成下面短文。 My ideal (理想的) reading room is really fantastic. It will be near the school library. 1. _ (study) the whole day, the students can e here 2. _ (read) books. Inside the reading room against the walls will stand two bookshelves full of 3. _ (interest) books or magazines.,Having studied,to read,interesting,There will be a vending machine (自动售货机) placed in the corner, 4. _ (serve) different kinds of drinks. 5. _ (sit) in the fortable chairs, we can enjoy the stories or news while 6. _ (drink) some coffee or chocolate. In my design, an area intended for discussions will be needed.,serving,Sitting,drinking,7. _ (make) up of sound-proof materials, this section will cause no trouble to other students 8. _ (concentrate) on reading. When 9. _ (feel) tired from reading, students can relax in the sofa area equipped with two fortable sofas and a TV with headsets (耳机).,Made,concentrating,feeling,1. Newly-built wooden cottages line the street, _ the old town into a dreamland. (2016北京卷) A. turn B. turning C. to turn D. turned 2. The cooling win swept through our bedroom windows, _ air conditioning unnecessary. (2016天津卷) A. making B. to make C. made D. being made,【高考链接】,B,A,3. When the clerk saw a kind face wrinkled in an apologetic smile, she stood rooted to the ground, _ whether to stay or leave. (2015湖南卷) A. wondering B. wonder C. to wonder D. wondered,A,写作,如何写慰问信 【写作指导】 慰问信是向收信人表示关怀和问候的信函。其格式与一般英文信件的格式相同。语言要亲切、生动，感情要充沛、真挚。 慰问信的正文一般包括以下内容：一、首先说明写慰问信的原因；二、向对方的遭遇表示同情并鼓励对方；三、向对方提出解决问题的建议及具体措施；四、最后可再次表示写信者的同情之心或良好祝愿。,【常用表达】 Im sorry to hear / know that . It was a great shock to hear that . I just cant tell you how sad I was when I heard that . I understand how you feel now. I know the way you feel very well. Id like to give you some advice. Here are some useful tips. Im looking forward to . I hope youll soon feel better.,【写作任务】 为了帮助中学生健康成长，某中学英文报开辟了“HEART-TO-HEART”专栏。假设你是该栏目的编辑Jamie，收到一封署名为Worried的求助信。信中该同学向你诉说了自己的困扰：近日容易发脾气，使正常的学习和生活受到了影响。请用英文给该同学写一封回信。内容要点如下： 1. 表示理解并给予安慰； 2. 提出建议并说明理由。,注意：1. 词数120左右（信的格式与开头已为你写好，但不计入总词数）；2. 参考词汇：脾气temper。(2014年安徽卷书面表达) Hi Worried, Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time at the moment. _ Yours, Jamie,【参考范文】 Hi Worried, Im sorry to know that youre having such a bad time at the moment. The truth is everyone will have one of those periods when things seem to be going wrong, so you dont have to worry so much. The important thing is to learn to control your temper so that you may not do or say anything youll regret. Here are three useful tips:,First, talk to someone you trust about how you feel. This is a good way of letting your anger out without hurting others or yourself. Second, go outdoors and play team games with your friends as physical exercise is a good way to release anger. And third, take a positive attitude towards your life, as it can be helpful in lifting your spirits.,I hope youll soon feel calmer and carry on as normal. Yours, Jamie,巩固练习,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. At this time of year the river is a(n) _ (true) beautiful sight. 2. He threw paint over the fur coats because he wanted to make a(n) _ (state) about cruelty to animals. 3. There has always been a close _ (associate) between these two schools.,truly,statement,association,4. I make use of every chance I get to improve my _ (speak) English. 5. There must be some _ (misunderstand). I never asked for these chairs to be delivered. 6. “What have you got in there?” Felix asked _ (curious).,spoken,misunderstanding,curiously,II. 用合适的介词填空。 1. The school dining room used to also function _ a meeting place for teachers and students. 2. After the doctors visit, the patient felt more _ ease. 3. The curtains were swinging from side _ side in the light wind.,as,at,to,4. Im not sick; _ the contrary, Im in the peak of health. 5. _ general, the train was on time. But that day it was late,on,In,III. 选用方框内合适的短语并用其正确形式填空（每个短语限用一次）。,lose face, turn one s back to, together with, look away from, turn away,1. The cost of food _ drinks and prizes made it an expensive party. 2. She _ him because she didnt wish her eyes to give away her true feelings.,together with,looked away from,3. The teacher asked all of the students to _ each other and make their signs. 4. She _ every opportunity to improve her health in the last ten years. 5. If Tom doesnt keep his promise, he ll _.,lose face, turn one s back to, together with, look away from, turn away,turn their back to,has turned away,lose face,IV. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 1. The girl _ (sit) at the end of the first row now is Alice. 2. Not _ (know) which road to take, we stopped to look at the map. 3. This beautifully carved _ (walk) stick is still in daily use by the old man. 4. At weekends, the number of cars in the streets increases greatly, _ (cause) long queues.,sitting,knowing,walking,causing,5. Francesca was a(n) _ (rise) star in the cinema. 6. It was a(n) _ (touch) story that moved many of us to tears. 7. If _ (disturb), the bird may abandon the nest, leaving the chicks to die.,rising,touching,disturbed,阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 （1 个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 With civilian interest in house robots 1. _ (grow) experts are expecting the robotic industry to explode in the future with even more 2. _ (advance) machines that will work even more closely with humans.,growing,advanced,To make them more wele in our homes engineers are therefore working on making them appear more human with 3. _ (real) skin, hair and eyes. But what if they could shiver ( 发抖) or even get the goose bumps 4. _ cold weather? What if you could feel their breath when they spoke? What if they could produce fake sweat and fake emotional stress or yawn?,realistic,in,Humans trust signals 5. _ are given involuntarily. Any statement spoken by a robot is therefore more likely 6. _ (take) seriously if acpanied by these kinds of unspoken signals. There are difficulties, though: non-verbal munication is a vast subject that includes tonality ( 音调), facial 7. _ (express), posture, eye contact and more.,that / which,to be taken,expressions,Furthermore experts are not only interested in reproducing these aspects but also programming robots with the necessary information so they can read and react to humans body language 8. _ (correct) as well. Yes, all this will be faked. But many humans in the service industry successfully fake emotions when 9. _ (deal) with customers.,correctly,dealing,Research has shown that even a simple smiley face on 10. _ robot can make people feel as if they have interacted with it positively.,a,
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