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Unit 3 Under the sea,知识归纳,知识清单,1. _ n. 轶事; 奇闻 2. _ n. 目击者; 证人; 证据 vt. 经历; 见证; 出席; 观察 vi. 证明; 为(宗教信仰)做见证 3. _ n. 膳宿; 和解; 住处; 适应 4. _ n. 岸; 滨 5. _ adj. 近海的; 离岸的; 海外的 adv. 离岸地; 近海地,anecdote,witness,acmodation,shore,offshore,(一) 单 词,6. _ n. 嘴唇; 唇状物 7. _ v. 驱策; 鼓励; 催促; 力陈 8. _ n. 瞄准,lip,urge,abandon,shark,jog,seaside,net,target,14. _ n. 维(数); 方面; 侧面 15. _ vi. 思考 vt. 映射; 反射; 思考 16. _ adj. 纯的; 纯粹的; 纯洁的 17. _ n. 细胞 18. _ adj. 整齐的; 均匀的 19. _ n. 海藻; 海草 20. _ adj. 狭窄的; 有限的 21. _ n. 闪光信号灯; 手电筒 22. _ vt. 扯,dimension,reflect,pure,cell,neat,seaweed,narrow,flashlight,suck,drag,24. _ adj. 锐利的; 锋利的; 敏捷的 25. _ adj. 好吃的; 可口的 26. _ adj. 令人畏惧的,sharp,tasty,grey,scare,shallow,steep,boundary,Antarctic,awesome,33. _ n. 潮水; 潮流 34. _ vi. 大叫; 呼喊 n. 叫声; 喊声 35. _ vi. 俯冲,tide,yell,pause,telescope,teamwork,depth,seal,pension,pensioner,dive,43. _ n. 年刊; 年鉴_ adj. 每年的; 按年度; 计算的 _ adv.一年一次地 44. _ prep.在对面 _ adj. 相对的; 相反的_v. 反对 45. _ vi. 逃离; 逃跑_ (过去分词) 46. _adj. 生动的; 鲜艳的_ adv. 生动地_ n. 清晰,annual,annual,annually,opposite,opposite,oppose,flee,fled,vivid,vividly,vividness,47. _n. 关系_ n. 关系, 联系_ adj.比较的_ adj. 相关的, 联系的_ v. 联系; 交往 48. _ n. 保存; 保护_ vt. 保护; 保存 49. _ adj.意识到的 _ n. 意识 _ adj. 没意识到的,relationship,relation,relative,related,relate,conservation,conserve,aware,awareness,unaware,1. _ 亲眼见证 2. _ 分类; 收拾; 整理 3. _ 早于; 在前面 4. _ 朝瞄准 5. _ 调转; 回转 6. _ 害怕 7. _ 帮助某人摆脱困难,witness sth. with ones own eyes,sort out,ahead of,aim at,turn around,be terrified of,help sb. out,(二) 短 语,8. _ 思考; 考虑 9. _ 对明白; 知道 10. _ 上下翻转 11. _ 接近; 靠近 12. _ 吓死了,reflect on,be aware of,upside down,get close to,be scared to death,We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.,see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在干某事,2. The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. It + be + adj. (for/of sb.)+ to do sth. 做某事是的,(三) 句 式,“It seems + that从句”, 其中it 是形式主语, that引导主语从句。,3. It seemed that there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, ,4. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. 句中的be about to表示即将发生的动作, 意 为“正要/就要”, 不与具体表示将来的时间 状语连用, 常与when引导的时间状语连用。,核心要点,1. witness n. 目击者; 证人; 证据 vt. 当场见证; 目击; 见证 I thought, at the time, that this was just a story but then I witnessed it with my own eyes many times. （课文原句） 当时我以为只是一个故事罢了，但是后来我亲眼见过许多次。,(一) 单 词,【归纳】 witness sth. 当场见到; 目击; 见证 a witness to sth. 某事的证人 bear/give witness to sth. 为作证; 证明 witness to (doing) sth. 作证, 证明(做)某事,1) He is a key witness in this case. 在这个案件中, 他是一个主要见证人。 2) Did anyone witness the traffic accident? 有谁目击了这场交通事故？ 3) The temples bear witness to the citys former greatness. 这些庙宇见证了这个城市以前的辉煌。 4) He witnessed to having seen the man enter the room. 他证明看到那人进了房间。,2. pause v. 暂停, 停顿 Without pausing we jumped into the boat with the other whalers and headed out into the bay. （课文原句） 一刻不停地，我们和其他捕鲸人都跳进渔船，朝海湾方向驶去。,【归纳】 pause for 因而暂停 pause on (upon) sth. 仔细考虑 n. 停顿, 间断 give someone pause 令人深思; 令人考虑,3. drag v. 拖; 拉; 迫使; 缓慢行进 n. 拖; 拉; 累赘; 阻力 Within a moment or two, its body was dragged swiftly by the killers down into the depths of the sea. （课文原句） 过了片刻，鲸的尸体就被虎鲸们迅速拖向深海中去了。,【拓展】 drag away 将硬拖走 drag behind 落在后面 drag down 拖下去; 把身体拖垮 drag through 缓缓地通过 drag up 向上拉,1) Drag up a chair and join the conversation. 把椅子拉过来, 加入我们的谈话。 2) Its the high fever thats been dragging him down. 是这场高烧把他的身体拖垮的。 3) I wanted to stay, but she dragged me off to help her shop. 我本想留下来, 可她硬是把我拉走帮她买东西。,4. urge vt. 催促; 极力主张; 驱策 “Man overboard! Turn the boat around!” urged George, shouting loudly. （课文原句） 乔治大声喊道：“有人落水了！把船头调回去！”,【归纳】 urge sb./sth. on 催促某人/某物前进 urge sb. to do sth. 催促某人做某事 urge sb. into doing sth. 催促某人做某事 urge that sb. (should) do sth. 极力主张, 强调,1) Brown urged her to reconsider her decision. 布朗极力劝说她重新考虑自己的决定。 2) I urged that he (should) do his best. 我强调他要尽自己最大的努力。,【注】 urge 后跟that 宾语从句时常用(should)+ 动词原形的虚拟语气, 使用时请注意！,5. abandon vt. 放弃; 遗弃; 抛弃; 离弃; 逃离 From Jamess face, I could see he was terrified of being abandoned by us. （课文原句） 从詹姆斯的脸上我能看出他非常恐慌，生怕被我们遗弃。,【归纳】 abandon oneself to 沉溺于 abandon the hope (of doing sth.) 放弃(做某事的)希望 abandon doing sth. 放弃做某事 with abandon 放任的, 放纵的,1) The cruel man abandoned his wife and child. 那个狠心的男人抛弃了他的妻儿。 2) Those who abandon themselves to despair can not succeed. 那些自暴自弃的人无法成功。 3) People were shouting and cheering with abandon. 人们兴高采烈, 纵情欢呼。,6. target n.目标; 靶; 受批评的对象 vt. 把作为攻击目标/批评对象 First, not only target fish are caught in the net, but many other sea animals are found hanging there. （课文原句） 首先，不但可以网到想要捉的鱼，而且其他的海洋动物也可以捕获。,【归纳】 set (sb.) a target for (给某人)设定的目标 Our country has set a target for reducing the emission of carbon dioxide. 我国已制定了一个降低二氧化碳排放的目 标。,7. scare v. 恐吓, 使惊吓 n. 惊恐, 惊吓 I told myself they werent dangerous but that didnt stop me from feeling scared to death for a moment! （课文原句） 我自言自语地说它们并不危险，但是这样一点也不能抑制我那怕得要死的心情。,【归纳】 be scared of 害怕 be scared to do 害怕做 scare . away/off 把吓走 【拓展】scared adj. 惊慌的 相当于frightened be scared to death/out of ones wits 被吓得要死; 被吓得魂不附体,1) You scared me out of my mind, ing up behind me suddenly like that. 你这冷不防从背后过来, 真把我吓死了。 2) Ill see if I can scare up a meal from the scraps of food in the kitchen. 我去看看能否把厨房里的剩饭凑成一顿饭菜。 3) The high price is scaring away possible buyers. 价格昂贵, 把想买东西的顾客吓跑了。,1. help.out 帮助某人摆脱困境 Being helped out by the killer whales, the whalers were able to make a successful kill. （课文原句） 有了虎鲸的帮助，捕鲸人才有了一次成功的捕杀。,(二) 短 语,【拓展】 help (sb.) (to) do sth. 帮(某人)做某事 cannot help doing sth. 禁不住做某事 help oneself (to sth.) 自取, 自用 cant help but do sth. 不得不做某事 help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮着做某事,1) If you havent got time to finish, Ill help you out. 如果你来不及做完, 我会帮你摆脱困境。 2) Do you mind helping me with this a minute? 你能抽点时间帮我一把吗？ 3) I cant help wondering what happened to that little girl. 我忍不住想知道那个小女孩出了什么事。,2. be /bee aware of 对知道、明 白; 意识到. The first thing I became aware of was all the vivid colors surrounding me purples, reds, oranges, yellows, blues and greens. （课文原句） 我首先注意到的是我周围那些鲜艳的色彩紫色、红色、橘黄、明黄、蓝色和绿色等。,【拓展】 aware多作形容词, 意为“知道的; 察觉的”, 常接 of +名词、代词、动词-ing形式; 也可以接从句, 此时可以省略介词of, 其前常被副词well/quite/ fully 修饰。aware还可与politically, environmentally等副词连用, 表示“有觉悟; 有意识”。其名词形式为awareness, 意为“察觉; 觉悟; 意识(+ of / that)”,1) He said that the government was quite aware of the problem. 他说政府很清楚这个问题。 2) She was not aware of having done wrong. 她没有意识到做错了事。 3) He is a politically aware young man. 他是个政治上有觉悟的青年。 4) There is a general awareness that smoking is harmful. 人们普遍认识到吸烟有害健康。,3. upside down 上下翻转 The yellow and green parrotfish was hanging upside down, and sucking tiny plants off the coral with its hard bird-like mouth. （课文原句） 黄绿相间的鹦嘴鱼倒挂着，用它那像鸟嘴一样的硬嘴从珊瑚上吸吮的微小植物。,【归纳】 upside down 意为“底朝上, 上下颠倒, 倒转, 乱七八糟”。如： The picture is hanging upside down. Thieves left the place upside down. 【拓展】 turn . upside down 把翻得乱七八糟, 给(某人的生活)造成大的变化或混乱。如： Mark turned the whole room upside down looking for his book.,We ran down to the shore in time to see an enormous animal opposite us throwing itself out of the water and then crashing down again.,see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在干某事 【归纳】 感官动词see, watch, notice, discover, observe, hear, smell等可跟动词-ing形式作宾语补足语, 动词-ing与宾语构成主动关系, 强调动作正在进行。,(三) 句 式,2. The sea was rough that day and it was difficult to handle the boat. It + be + adj. (for/of sb.)+ to do sth. 做某事是的 【归纳】 在此句型中, 如前面形容词(adj.) 指代事物、事情特征, 如：important, easy, difficult, strange, necessary, important等, 则后用for; 如果为说明人的性格、特征的形容词, 如kind, polite, foolish, warmhearted, cruel等, 则用of。,“It seems + that从句”, 其中it 是形式主语, that引导主语从句。如： It seems that no one knows what has happened in the park. 似乎没有人知道在公园里发生了什么事。 It seems to me that Mr. Brown will not e again. 在我看来布朗先生不会再来了。,3. It seemed that there was a surprise waiting for me around every corner as I explored small caves, ,【拓展】 “There + seem to be +名词”, 其中to be 可省略。seem 的单复数形式要根据后面作主语的名词的单复数形式而定。如： There doesnt seem to be much hope of our beating that team. 看来我们战胜那个队没有多大希望。 There seems no need to wait longer. 看来没有再等的必要了。,4. This was the call that announced there was about to be a whale hunt. be about to表示即将发生的动作, “正要/就要”, 不与具体表示将来的时间状语连用, 常与when引导的时间状语连用。,1) Sit down, everyone. The films about to start. 大家坐下, 电影马上开始。 2) I was about to give up when the good news came. 当好消息传来时我正打算放弃。,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. We felt at home with her and were impressed with the _ (deep) of her knowledge. 2. A(n) _ (abandon) baby was found in a box on the hospital steps.,abandoned,depth,3. The program will give young athletes the chance to _ (sharp) their skills. 4. I didnt like the soup, but all in all, the dinner was pretty _ (taste). 5. I wanted to ask her out but was _ (scare) that she might refuse.,scared,sharpen,tasty,II. 根据所给的汉语提示补全下列句子。 To get the plant out of the pot, turn the pot _ (上下颠倒) and give it a gentle knock. 2. Ive often _ (帮助鲍勃摆脱困难) when hes short of money.,upside down,helped Bob out,3. He doesnt seem to _ (意识 到) the coldness of their attitude towards his appeal. 4. As I opened the door, I found little Ben was _ (归类) the bricks into different colors alone.,be aware of,sorting out,语法,被动语态（二）,【归纳】 1. 当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是其动作的承受者时，动词-ing形式要用被动式。动词-ing的被动式有两种：一般式的被动式，即being done，表示一个正在进行或与谓语所表示的动作同时发生的被动动作；完成式的被动式，即having been done，表示的被动动作发生在谓语所表示的动作之前。,2. 动词-ing形式的被动式在句中可以作主语、宾语、定语、宾语补足语、状语。 e.g. 1) Being defeated by Jim was a terrifying experience. 2) I hate being bothered with silly questions. 3) The boy ran away for fear of being hurt.,4) The railway being built will greatly benefit our city. 5) When Julia got to the meeting room, she heard her works being discussed. 6) Being acpanied by his father, the boy felt very happy. 7) Having been invited to speak, Ill start making preparations tomorrow.,【拓展】 1. need, require, want表示“需要”时，后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。如： The house needs / wants / requires repairing. = The house needs / wants / requires to be repaired. 2. be worth后接动词-ing形式的主动形式表示被动意义。如： The book is not worth reading.,3. 不定式的被动式、动词-ing形式的被动式和过去分词都可作定语表示被动意义，但所表示的动作发生的时间有所不同。如： The problem to be discussed tomorrow is of vital importance. (to be discussed所表示的被动动作将要发生) The problem being discussed is of vital importance. (being discussed所表示的被动动作正在发生) The problem discussed yesterday is of vital importance. (discussed所表示的被动动作已经发生),用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 1. The famous singer always wears sunglasses. Therefore, she can go shopping without _ (recognize). 2. The boss was happy to see new products _ (develop) after great effort. 3. David remembered _ (take) to France as a small child.,being taken,being recognized,developed,4. The boy disliked _ (speak) to like that. 5. _ (test) several times, this new product will be put into mass production. 6. I have been invited to a party _ (hold) in our club next Sunday. 7. The drawer showed no signs of _ _ (touch). 8. The scientists designed a shirt that never needs _ (wash).,washing/to be washed,being spoken,Having been tested,to be held,having been,touched/being touched,写作,【写作任务】 假设你是李华，几天前从某外资家电商场买了一台电冰箱。使用后发现这台冰箱存在门关不紧、冷藏效果差的问题。请你给本商场服务部负责人写一封投诉信，希望其给予调换或者安排维修人员上门维修。,如何写投诉信,注意：词数100左右。 Dear Sir or Madam, _ _ _ Yours sincerely, Li Hua,【写作指导】 这是一封投诉信。投诉信与普通书信格式一样, 但要注意的是写投诉信是为了求得解决问题而不是泄愤, 因此写信时一定要态度诚恳、礼貌委婉。投诉信一般包括以下几点内容：写信的目的、投诉的原因、希望得到的结果和表示感谢。 针对这篇习作, 可以把全文分为三段： 第一段：表明写信的目的对购买的冰箱出现的问题进行投诉。,第二段：投诉的原因以及希望得到的结果冰箱门关不紧、冷藏效果差，希望调换或者安排维修人员上门维修。 第三段：表示感谢。 【常用表达】 开头： I am writing to make a plaint about / plain about . I am writing to express my dissatisfaction / disappointment with . Im sorry to bother you but .,主体： There are some problems with . that I wish to bring to your attention. Im really not happy . Im eager to know whether . Id like a full refund / a new one that . 结尾： I would appreciate it if you . Im looking forward to . I do hope .,【参考范文】 Dear Sir or Madam, Im writing to plain about my disappointment with the refrigerator I bought from your store. After using it for two days, I found there was something wrong with the refrigerator. First, its door couldnt close tightly so that the refrigerator couldnt work well. Whats worse,the outer wall felt very hot and the food stored in it went bad quickly. Therefore, I am eager to know whether you can change it for a new one or send a repairman as soon as possible. I would appreciate it if you could take my plaint into consideration. I am looking forward to your early reply. Yours sincerely, Li Hua,巩固练习,I. 用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 1. I wanted to ask her out but was _ (scare) that she might refuse. 2. They continued for another few kilometers until they reached a(n) _ (abandon) gas station.,scared,abandoned,3. The program will give young athletes the chance to _ (sharp) their skills. 4. These sausages are really _ (taste) where did you buy them? 5. One in five _ (pension) rely entirely on state benefits for their ine.,sharpen,tasty,pensioners,II. 选用合适的单词并用其正确形式填空。 annual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell 1. There was a(n) _ in the conversation as everyone turned to say hello to Paul. “No,” he replied, without _ for thought.,pause,pausing,annual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell 2. It is strange how two scientists studying the same problem can e to pletely _ conclusions. My father is a very calm person, but my mother is just the _. 3. Im sorry I _ at you last night. A great _ went up from the crowd. Liverpool had scored.,opposite,opposite,yelled,yell,annual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell 4. I looked for Wymans picture in my high-school _. In the first half of the 1970s, the economy was growing at a(n) _ rate of 7 percent. 5. He signed the document in the presence of two _. The crash was _ by millions of viewers who were watching the race on TV.,annual,annual,witnesses,witnessed,annual, dive, opposite, pause, witness, yell 6. The plane _ towards the ground and exploded in a ball of flame. The goalkeeper made a(n) _ for the ball, but couldnt stop it going in the net.,dived,dive,III. 用括号内动词的正确形式填空。 1. The interview only took ten minutes, but it _ (feel) like hours. 2. The pop concert _ (expect) to attract over 20,000 people but only less than 5,000 attended it. 3. The baby is sitting in his high chair, waiting _ (feed).,felt,had been/was expected,to be fed,4. The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _ (persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables. 5. Your daughter has a good voice. Her interest in singing must _ (encourage).,are persuaded,be encouraged,. 阅读材料，在空白处填入适当的内容 （1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。 The Great Barrier Reef is 1. _ 2,300-kilometer string of reefs along the northeast coast of Australia. It is home to well over 1,000 species of fish, over 100 types of shark, and 2. _ (dozen) of types of whale and dolphin. At least 2 million people visit it each year,a,dozens,3. _ is worth some $6 billion to the Australian economy. But 4. _ is said that large areas of the reef are suffering from bleaching. Coral bleaches (turns white) when water is too warm for too long. The coral polyp (珊瑚虫) spits out the algae (海藻) that live inside it and its flesh 5. _ (bee) transparent. Algae provide the coral with 90% of its energy,which,it,bees,so without the algae it 6. _ (eventual) starves. Furthermore, as small fish can no 7. _ (long) use the coral as shelter, the bigger fish that feed on them abandon the coral and move on. Being aware of 8. _ serious the situation is, the Australian government has now promised $1 billion to help out. The money is to be spent on clean energy projects and 9. _ (reduce) pollution.,eventually,longer,how,reducing,But environmentalists say the government is dragging its feet. They are urging the government to tax fossil fuel mining panies in order 10. _ (make) them pay for the damage their industry has caused.,to make,
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