考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前自测提分卷74(含答案详解）

书山有路勤为径，学海无涯苦作舟！ 住在富人区的她考研考博-考博英语-中国艺术研究院考前自测提分卷（含答案详解）一.综合题(共10题)1.单选题The psychologist cited several instances of insubordinate behavior.问题1选项A.neglectedB.worriedC.mentionedD.reduced【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。根据句意：心理学家几个不服从行为的例子。cite指的是引用，列举。A选项neglect“忽略，忽视”；B选项worry“担心”；C选项mention“提及，谈到”；D选项reduce“减少，缩小”。选项C代入后最符合语境。2.翻译题一九七八年，我们党召开具有重大历史意义的十一届三中全会，开启了改革开放历史新时期。从那时以来，中国共产党人和中国人民以一往无前的进取精神和波澜壮阔的创新实践，谱写了中华民族自强不息、顽强奋进新的壮丽史诗，中国人民的面貌、社会主义中国的面貌、中国共产党的面貌发生了历史性变化。改革开放是党在新的时代条件下带领人民进行的新的伟大革命，目的就是要解放和发展社会生产力，实现国家现代化，让中国人民富裕起来，振兴伟大的中华民族。【答案】In 1978, our Party convened the third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the CPC with great historical significance, opening a new historical period of reform and opening up. Since then, the Chinese Communists and the Chinese people, with their indomitable spirit of enterprise and great innovation and practice, have written a new epic of perseverance and fortitude for the Chinese nation. Historic changes have taken place in the face of the Chinese people, socialist China and the Communist Party of China. Reform and opening up is a great new revolution that the Party is leading the people to carry out in the new era. Its purpose is to liberate and develop the productive forces, modernize the country, enrich the Chinese people and revitalize the great Chinese nation.3.单选题When faced with doubts from some advisers on the attempted invasion, the president ignored them.问题1选项A.failed to noticeB.put up withC.stood up forD.refused to consider【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。根据句意：当面对一些顾问对入侵企图的质疑时，总统了他们。ignore意为“忽略，忽视”。A选项fail to notice“没有注意到”；B选项put up with“容忍，忍受”；C选项stand up for“支持，拥护”；D选项refuse to consider“拒绝考虑”。选项A与之意思最为接近，代入符合语境。4.单选题The cultural department is trying to help these performing enterprises out of the（ ）by various means.问题1选项A.delightB.twilightC.flightD.plight【答案】D【解析】考查名词辨析。A选项delight“高兴”；B选项twilight“衰退期”；C选项flight“飞行”；D选项plight“困境”。句意“文化部门正试图通过各种方式帮助这些演艺企业走出困境。”选项D符合语境。5.单选题It is understood that the filming of Legends is almost complete and the film is not（ ）to be delayed.问题1选项A.easyB.availableC.possibleD.likely【答案】D【解析】考查固定搭配。根据句意：据了解，传奇的拍摄工作已经基本完成，不可能会推迟。be not likely to是固定用法，意为“不可能”，所以选项D正确。6.单选题There have been several attempts to introduce gayer colors and styles in mens clothing, but none of them（ ）.问题1选项A.has caught onB.has caught him outC.has caught upD.take roots【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项原形是catch on“理解，明白，变得流行”；B选项原形是catch out“发现有错误”；C选项原形是catch up“赶上”；D选项take roots“生根，扎根”。句意“曾有几次尝试在男装中引入更鲜艳的颜色和风格，但都没有流行起来”。选项A符合语境。7.单选题His job at the hospital did not pay much, so he found another（ ）.问题1选项A.on the sideB.on the spotC.on the declineD.on the rise【答案】A【解析】考查词组辨析。A选项on the side“另外，作为兼职”；B选项on the spot“立刻，当场，在危险中”；C选项on the decline“在衰退中”；D选项on the rise“在增加，在上涨”。句意：他在医院的工作报酬不高，所以他另外找了一份工作。选项A符合语境。8.单选题These problems are（ ）examples in the effort to avoid the inevitable effects of shortsighted fiscal planning in the future.问题1选项A.representativeB.aberrantC.insignificantD.illuminating【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项 representative“典型的”；B选项aberrant“异常的”；C选项insignificant“无关紧要的”；D选项illuminating“照亮的，启蒙的”。句意：这些问题是典型的例子，为了努力避免未来目光短浅的财政规划所带来不可避免的影响。选项A符合语境。9.单选题Brazilian music is thoroughly imbued with African themes, and（ ）composers have long found inspiration in the black musical heritage.问题1选项A.imaginativeB.sensitiveC.distinguishedD.persistent【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项imaginative “富于想象的，有创造力的”；B选项sensitive“敏感的”；C选项distinguished“卓越的，著名的”；D选项persistent“执着的，持续的”。句意“巴西音乐完全融入了非洲的主题，富有想象力的作曲家早就从黑人音乐传统中找到了灵感”。选项A符合语境。10.单选题Though the number of the upper class is a mere one third of the population, they make up at least 25 percent of the nations wealth. This class has two parts: upper-upper and lower-upper.（1）, the upper-upper class is the “old rich”families that have been wealthy for several generationsa nobility of（2）and wealth. A few are known across the nation, such as the Rockefellers, and the Vanderbilts. Most are not（3）to the general public. They have no（4）to the rest of the community,（5）their income from the investment of their inherited wealth. By（6）, the lower-upper class is the “new rich”. （7）they may be wealthier than some of the old rich, the new rich have been（8）to make their money like（9）else beneath their class.（10）their status is generally（11）than that of the old rich, who have not found it necessary to lift a finger to make their money, and who（12）to look down upon the new rich. However its wealth is（13）, the upper class is very rich. They have enough money and leisure time to（14）an interest in the arts and to（15）rare books and paintings. They generally live in exclusive areas, belong to exclusive social clubs, communicate with each other, and marry their own kind, all of which keeps them so（16）from the masses that they have been called the out-of-sight class. More than any other class, they tend to be（17）of being members of a class. They also（18）an enormous amount of power and influence here and abroad, as they（19）many top government positions. Their actions（20）the lives of millions.问题1选项A.ConsequentlyB.AccordinglyC.RegularlyD.Basically问题2选项A.beginningB.birthC.infancyD.foundation问题3选项A.visibleB.noticeableC.obviousD.apparent问题4选项A.contactB.associationC.communicationD.relation问题5选项A.pullingB.abstractingC.drawingD.making问题6选项A.comparisonB.contrastC.contraryD.difference问题7选项A.AlthoughB.BecauseC.ThereforeD.However问题8选项A.greedyB.indifferentC.sympatheticD.depressed问题9选项A.nobodyB.everybodyC.somebodyD.anybody问题10选项A.ThenB.ButC.ThusD.Whereas问题11选项A.superiorB.inferiorC.higherD.lower问题12选项A.wantB.selectC.hateD.tend问题13选项A.retainedB.benefitedC.acquiredD.rewarded问题14选项A.reproduceB.yieldC.cultivateD.rear问题15选项A.collectB.gatherC.assembleD.accumulate问题16选项A.distantB.farC.separateD.remote问题17选项A.doubtfulB.consciousC.sensitiveD.sensible问题18选项A.demandB.controlC.directD.command问题19选项A.seizeB.abuseC.holdD.sustain问题20选项A.attractB.affectC.effectD.incline【答案】第1题:D第2题:B第3题:A第4题:D第5题:C第6题:B第7题:A第8题:A第9题:B第10题:C第11题:D第12题:D第13题:C第14题:C第15题:A第16题:A第17题:B第18题:D第19题:C第20题:B【解析】1.考查副词辨析。A选项Consequently “因此，结果”；B选项Accordingly“于是，相应地”；C选项Regularly“定期地”；D选项Basically“主要地，基本上”。结合上下文语境“这个阶层可以分为两部分：上上层和下层。上上阶层主要是老一辈就已经富起来的人”，选项D符合原文语境。2.考查名词辨析。A选项beginning“开始”；B选项birth“出身”；C选项infancy“初期，幼年”；D选项foundation“基础”。根据原文可知，这里是说那些家庭富裕的人出身也很高贵，所以选项B符合语境。3.考查形容词辨析。A选项visible “明显的，看得见的”；B选项noticeable“显著的”；C选项obvious“平淡无奇的”；D选项apparent“显然的，表面上的”。根据下文“他们和社区的人基本没什么联系”，由此可知，这些富裕家庭公众是看不到的，所以选项A符合语境。4.考查固定搭配。have no relation to意为“与毫无关系”，所以选项D正确。5.考查固定搭配。draw from意为“从中得到；从提取”。原文是指这些富裕家庭的收入是从他们所继承财富的投资中获得的，所以选项C正确。6.考查固定搭配。by contrast意为“相比之下”，表示前后形成对比，所以选项B正确。7.考查逻辑连词。根据原文句意“他们（新富起来的人）可能比那些早就富裕起来的人更有钱，但他们还是在不断地赚钱。”前后构成转折的逻辑关系，所以首先排除表示原因的逻辑连词选项B和C。其次，however表示转折时为副词，不能够连接两个分句，所以只有选项A正确。8.考查形容词辨析。A选项greedy“贪婪的，渴望的”；B选项indifferent“漠不关心的”；C选项sympathetic“同情的”；D选项depressed“沮丧的”。根据原文可知，这里是说新富起来的人还像所有比他们阶层低的人一样渴望赚钱，所以选项A符合语境。9.考查不定代词。根据句意可知，这里是指其他所有人，所以用everybody else。选项B正确。nobody多用于否定句，anybody多用于疑问句，somebody有特指的意味，所以均不正确。10.考查上下文语境。上文提到“新富起来的人还像所有比他们阶层低的人一样渴望赚钱”，而下文则提及“他们的地位比那些早就富裕起来的人要低，早就富裕起来的人则认为没有必要为赚钱出力”。前后构成因果关系，所以选项C符合语境。11.考查上下文语义。根据下文“look down upon the new rich”可知，新富起来的人比那些早就富裕起来的人的地位要低，所以选项D正确。12.考查动词辨析。A选项want“想要”；B选项select“选择”，一般不和介词to搭配；C选项hate“憎恨，厌恶”；D选项tend“倾向于”。句意：那些早就富裕起来的人倾向于看不起新富起来的人，选项D符合语境。13.考查动词辨析。A选项retain“保持”；B选项benefit“受益”；C选项acquire“获得”；D选项reward“奖励”。句意：无论他们的财富是如何获得的，上层阶级都是非常富有的。选项C符合语境。14.考查动词辨析。A选项reproduce“复制，繁殖”；B选项yield“产出”；C选项cultivate“培养”；D选项rear“抚养，饲养”。根据原文可知，这里是说培养对艺术的兴趣，所以选项C正确。15.考查动词辨析。A选项collect“收藏，收集”；B选项gather“聚集”；C选项assemble“聚集，集合”；D选项accumulate“积攒，累积”。根据原文可知，这里指收藏稀有的书籍和画，所以选项A正确。16.考查形容词辨析。A选项distant “遥远的，冷漠的”；B选项far“遥远的，久远的”；C选项separate“分开的，单独的”；D选项remote“遥远的，偏僻的”。根据原文可知，这里是说上层阶级远离了大众，选项A更符合语境。17.考查固定搭配。A选项doubtful“可疑的”；B选项conscious“意识到的”；C选项sensitive“敏感的”；D选项sensible“明智的”。句意：与其他阶级相比，他们更倾向于意识到自己是阶级的成员。be conscious of sth.意为“意识到”，所以选项B正确。18.考查动词辨析。A选项demand“要求，需求”；B选项control“控制，管理”；C选项direct“管理，指挥”；D选项command“命令，掌控”。句意：他们在国内外也掌握着巨大的权力和影响力。选项D更符合语境。19.考查动词辨析。A选项seize“抓住”；B选项abuse“滥用”；C选项hold“持有，拥有”；D选项sustain“维持，支撑”。根据原文可知，这里是说上层阶级的人占有许多高级政府职位，所以选项C符合语境。20.考查动词辨析。A选项attract“吸引”；B选项affect“影响，感染”；C选项effect“产生，达到目的”；D选项incline“倾向于”。句意：他们的行为影响着数百万人的生活。选项B符合语境。