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课时达标(十四) Unit 4 Astronomy the science of the stars 阅读理解A课标话题人与自然宇宙奥秘探索体裁说明文词 数 193难度 (2019临川一中月考)The sky is a large place, and though it has been carefully examined for centuries, new features still turn up. Last March it was the rule of Uranus(天王星), and last week astronomers announced what may turn out to be a new planet, though a very small one, in the solar system.The object was first sighted last month by Charles Kowal, an astronomer at the Hale Observatories in Pasadena, Calif. Mr Kowal observed a faint trail of light on photographic plates, indicating that something was moving in relation to the background of stars. Other observers have confirmed the discovery.The “miniplanet”， identified for the time being as “ObjectKowal”， appears to be about 1.5 billion miles away, between the orbit of Saturn and Uranus, and its diameter(直径) has been estimated at between 100 and 400 miles. Its orbit has not been determined yet, but if the orbit proves to be roughly circular, like that of the major planets, the new object would probably take 66 to 70 years to make a circuit of the sun.Some astronomers have speculated that Mr Kowals discovery may be the first indication of an asteroid(小行星)belt beyond Saturn.语篇导读本文介绍了目前在太阳系新发现的可能是一颗小行星的天体。1What may have been found in the solar system according to the first paragraph?AA small new planetBA new solar system.CA large new object DA large new planet.解析A细节理解题。根据第一段第二句可知，在太阳系中新发现了可能是一颗小行星的天体，故选A项。2What can we learn from the second paragraph?AWhat the object is likeBHow the object was found.CWhere the astronomers live.DWhy the object was moving.解析B细节理解题。根据第二段内容可知，天文学家Charles Kowal在照相底片上观察到了一条淡淡的光亮路径，指出有东西在相关的恒星后面移动，其他观察者也证实了这一发现，所以第二段主要讲述了该行星是如何被发现的，故选B项。3What magazine might this passage be taken from?AAstronomy BIndustry CSpaceflight DAgriculture.解析A文章出处题。根据全文可知，本文主要介绍了目前在太阳系新发现的一颗疑似小行星的天体，这类文章最可能出自与天文学相关的杂志上，故选A项。B课标话题人与自然宇宙奥秘探索体裁记叙文词 数 328难度 (2019长沙一中开学检测)A new study suggests that dark markings on the planet Mars represent sandnot water. The research in 2015 suggested that lines on some Martian hills were evidence of water. Yet American scientists now say these lines appear more like dry, flows of sand. If water is present, it is likely to be a small amount. Water in liquid form would be necessary for microbial(微生物的) life.NASA, the American space agency, said more research is needed. Michael Meyer is the lead scientist for NASAs Mars exploration programme. He noted that the latest study does not reject the presence of water. But he admitted, “It just may not be as exciting as the idea of rivers going down the sides of cliffs(悬崖)”The new findings come from a team led by Colin Dundas of the United States Geological Survey. His team measured 151 of these lines in 10 areas. Most of the lines end with slopes between 28 degrees and 35 degrees. These measurements are similar to active sand dunes(沙丘) on both Mars and Earth. A small covering of dust that moves and sometimes becomes lighter might help explain the markings. They usually appear in the Martian summertime, and then disappear until the next year. If these lines are dry, this suggests that recent Mars has not had large volumes of liquid water. Dundas and his research team say that many questions remain.“I still think that Mars has a great potential for having had life early on in its history，” Meyer said. “As long as thats true, we also have a reasonable possibility of life still being on Mars. It just happens to be cryptic or well hidden.”NASA currently has no robotic vehicleeither on Mars or in developmentwith the ability to climb steep slopes. The lack of such equipment has engineers coming up with ideas like Martian helicopters or planes without pilots.语篇导读本文主要讲述了美国科学家的一项新的研究发现：火星上黑色的标记是沙子而不是水。4What do American scientists find on Mars now according to their study?AA lot of little lifeBAn amount of water.CSome Martian hillsDDark markings are sand.解析D细节理解题。根据第一段第一句可知，科学家发现火星上的黑色标记是沙子不是水，故选D项。5When do the markings come out?AIn Martian springBIn Martian summer.CIn Martian autumnDIn Martian winter.解析B细节理解题。根据第三段倒数第三句可知，这样的标记会出现在火星的夏季，故选B项。6Whats Meyers opinion about having life on Mars?ADoubtfulBTrustful.CIndifferentDObjective.解析B观点态度题。根据第四段可推知，Meyer还是相信火星上有生命，故选B项。7What does the underlined word “cryptic” in Paragraph 4 mean?AUndiscoveredBStrange.CMagicalDIcy.解析A词义猜测题。根据句中的or well hidden可知，cryptic的意思是“隐藏的；没被发现的”，故选A项。 七选五课标话题人与社会跨文化沟通、包容与合作体裁记叙文词 数 222难度 (2019沈阳适应考)Soccer fans in rural Zambia are able to watch live 2018 World Cup broadcasts for the first time thanks to a Chinese company. The company helped the villagers get their first taste of satellite television through a project that aims to offer the service to villages in Africa. _1_ The youngsters really treasured this chance.The satellite television project started last August by the company StarTimes. _2_ It wants to help African countries accelerate agricultural modernization and realize independent and sustainable(可持续的) development. _3_ According to a local newspaper, rural farmers will have access to monitoring weather patterns and market prices for agricultural products. Locals will be able to watch members of government and parliament during live broadcasts. The program is an example of how Chinese companies can make profits and be socially responsible at the same time. _4_ It also has its own channels that broadcast Chinese television programs such as talent shows, soap operas that have been dubbed(为配音) into local languages, and other programs that attempt to introduce Chinese culture.To overcome the problem of power shortages in rural Africa, StarTimes will also provide television sets that will be outfitted with a solar power system. _5_ Besides political and economic exchanges, this kind of peopletopeople interaction is a significant part of Chinas efforts to increase its soft power and build a better global image.AThe company not only provides satellite equipment and services.BDoing so will allow people to watch TV for six hours after sunset.CIntroducing more diverse Chinese culture to Africa is also one of its goals.DThe service helps rural Africans keep up with current events and news.EThe Chinese company makes a healthy profit on this project while helping them.FThe company aims to provide digital television signals to 10,000 villages in Africa.GAnd primary school students in Zambias remote areas can also enjoy watching the World Cup.语篇导读本文主要讲述了一家中国公司帮助非洲一些农村开发卫星电视，使得当地人能够看世界杯比赛的事。1解析G并列关系。上文提到了帮助赞比亚当地村民首次尝试观看世界杯，下文提到孩子们真的很珍惜这个机会，G项(赞比亚偏远地区的小学生也能看到世界杯)符合语境，故选G项。2解析F顺承关系。由上下文可知，空处与该公司进行此项目的原因有关。空后一句的It指F项中的The Chinese Company，F项与上下文衔接自然，故选F项。3解析D总分关系。下文介绍该项目帮助当地村民跟上时代的步伐，使他们能够获知天气预报和农产品市场价格以及看到现场直播中的政府官员和国会议员，故选D项(该服务帮助非洲农民获知实时新闻，与时代同步)。4解析A顺承关系。上文介绍卫星设施和服务，下文接着说它还有自己的频道来介绍中国文化，只有A项(该公司不仅仅提供卫星设备和服务)能恰当地衔接上下文，故选A项。5解析B顺承关系。空前讲到“为了克服非洲农村的电力短缺问题，公司还提供配有太阳能系统的电视机”，B项(这样做让当地人在太阳落山后还能观看6个小时的电视)紧承上文，故选B项。 短文改错(2019石家庄二中等联考)My first stay at home alone was very memorable. One day when I was twelve, both my mother and father were away on the business, and I had to be all myself for two days. My parents left early the first day, I got up soon after they left. The first evening I was a little ， so I turned on all the lights. I actually the light on in my bedroom the whole night, finally put me at ease. For fear of up late the next morning, I put three alarm near my bed and set the alarm respectively at 6：00, 6：10, and 6：15. In order to prove that I could take care of ， I washed my own clothes the next day, though I could wait for Mom to do it. I really felt of myself and thought I had grown up. 解析on business出差，为固定搭配。 解析(all) by oneself单独；独自一人，为固定搭配。 解析逗号前后为两个完整的句子，应用连词连接，此处表示顺承关系，故在I前加and。 解析scared感到害怕的，通常用来形容人的感受，此处用来作表语。 解析本文是在叙述过去发生的事情，应用一般过去时。 解析此处引导非限制性定语从句，且关系代词指代整个主句，在从句中作主语，故应用which引导该从句。what不能引导定语从句。 解析for fear of (doing) sth以免做某事，为固定搭配。 解析clock为可数名词，根据前面的three可知，clock应用复数形式。 解析当句子的主语和宾语是同一人或物时，宾语要用反身代词。 解析feel在此处为连系动词，其后接形容词作表语。6
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