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题型组合练(九).阅读理解A(2019广州高中毕业班综合测试一)WhenLinawasawokenbythesoundofthunder，shewasaloneontheisland.Theairwascoolandbullfrogscroaked.Itwasthatbriefmomentwhenthesummersunhadsetbutthestarshadntyetappeared.Linarubbedhereyesandlookedaround.“Hello？”shecalled.“Celia? Marie？”Therewasnoresponse.Themoonwasrisingnow，sheddinglightontheisland.Theyhadalwayscalledit“ForgottenIsland”becausenoonebuttheyseemedtorememberitsexistence.Itwasntonanyofthemapstheycouldfind，andeventheforestrangersdidntknowaboutit.Linalovedthattheisland，hiddeninaheavilywoodedsidestreamoftheriver，wasasecretbetweenthethreefriendsher，Celia，andMarie.ButnowLinawasherealone，anditwasnight.Worsestill，itwasherownfault.“Comeon，Lina，letMarierowtheboat.”Celiahadsaid.MariewastwoyearsolderthanLina，butshewasahopelessrower.ThatswhyLinarefusedandrowedtheboattotheisland.Theargumentthatfollowedtherefusaltooktheusualform.CeliatookMariesside，asshealwaysdid.Linahadexplodedandyelledatthemtojustleave.Sotheygotbackintheboatandleft.Aboltoflightningcrossedthedarkenedsky，accompaniedbyadeafeningthunderclap.Thestormwashere.Asthefirstcoldraindropsliddownherneck，Linasmindreturnedtohercurrentproblem.Shewasstuckherebyherself.Shejusthopedshedidntbecomeasforgottenastheisland.Thethoughtofitsentachill(寒意)downherback.Suddenly，Linaspottedsomethinginthewater.Itwasaboat，andinsideitwereMarie，Celia，andMariesdad，whowassteeringthroughthefastflowingwaters.Astheboatapproached，theysawLinawavingandtheworriedexpressionsontheirfacesturnedtorelief.InherexcitementLinajumpedintotheriver.Onlyonceshewasintheicywaterdidsherememberhowfastthewaterwasmoving.Luckilyastrongarmreachedintothewaterandpulledherout.ShesmiledweaklyatMariesdadand，withoutaword，huggedCeliaandMarie.Theydidntseemtomindbecomingwet.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了三个女孩儿一同去一座无人的小岛上，因为让谁划船产生了分歧，其中一个女孩丽娜生气离开了队友独自留在了岛上，最后被朋友的父亲营救出来的故事。1Whatcanbeinferredabouttheisland?AItisveryneartheocean.BItisapopularplaceforboating.CItissurroundedbythickforest.DIthasneverbeenreachedbyothers.答案C解析推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句“Linalovedthattheisland，hiddeninaheavilywoodedsidestreamoftheriver，wasasecretbetweenthethreefriendsher，Celia，andMarie.”可知小岛隐藏在一条树木繁茂的河边，故可推知小岛是被浓密的森林包围着。故选C。2WhydidLinagetangry?AMariedidnothelprowtheboat.BLinawasleftaloneontheisland.CMariedidntknowhowtorowtheboat.DCeliasupportedMarieinthedisagreement.答案D解析细节理解题。根据第六段倒数第三句“CeliatookMariesside，asshealwaysdid.”可知西莉亚一如既往地站在玛丽一边，这使得丽娜很生气，故选D。3WhatcausedLinatofeelachill?AHershameabouttheunnecessaryargument.BThefirstraindropoftheapproachingstorm.CTheideathatnoonewouldcometosaveher.DThedropintemperatureasthesunwentdown.答案C解析细节理解题。根据倒数第三段最后两句可知丽娜一想到自己可能会像这个岛一样被遗忘，没有人来救她，不禁感受到一阵寒意，故选C。B(2019武汉高三4月调研)Whileelephantsbornwithouttusks(长牙)arenotunheardof，theynormallyformjust2to6percentofthepopulation.However，thatisnotthecaseatMozambiquesGorongosaNationalPark，whereanastonishing33percentoffemaleelephantsbornafterthecountryscivilwarendedin1992aretuskless.Whilethatmayappeartobejustacoincidence，JoycePoole，anelephantbehaviorexpert，hasanothertheory.Theresearcherthinkswemaybewitnessingunnaturalevolutionofthespeciesduetotheconstanthuntingofelephantsforvaluableivory.Poolesaysbeforethecountrys15yearlongcivilwar，the100,000acreparkwashometoover4,000elephants.However，bythetimetheconflictendedin1992，about90percentofthemhadbeenkilledforivorytohelpfinanceweapons(武器) andmeattofeedthesoldiers.Ofthelessthan200survivors，over50percentofadultfemaleshadnotusks.Therefore，itisnotsurprisingthattheparkstusklesselephantpopulationhasgrowngreatly.Thisisnotthefirsttimeresearchershaveobservedagreatchangeinthepopulationofelephants.AtZambiasSouthLuangwaNationalParkandLupandeGameManagementArea，areaswhichwereheavilyhuntedinthe1970sand1980s,35%ofelephants25yearsorolderand13%ofthoseyoungerthan25arenowwithouttusks.A2008studypublishedintheAfricanJournalofEcologyfoundthatthenumberoftusklessfemalesattheRuahaNationalParkinTanzaniawentfrom10.5percentin1969toalmost40percentin1989，largelyduetoillegalhuntingforivory.TherecentbanonivoryinboththeUSandChinashouldhelpgetridof，oratleastreduce，elephanthunting.However，scientistsarenotsurehowlongitwilltakeforelephantswithahigherrateoftusklessfemales，tochangethetrend.语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了由于不断猎杀大象以获取有价值的象牙，我们可能正在目睹该物种的非自然进化越来越多的母象没有象牙。4WhatistheprobablecauseofthephenomenonmentionedinParagraph1?AIllegalhunting.BConstantfarming.CApurecoincidence.DNaturalevolution.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，越来越多无牙母象出现的原因是非法狩猎，故选A。5WhydidpeoplekillsomanyelephantsduringthecivilwarinMozambique?ATogetfundsbysellingivory.BTodevelopnewweapons.CToprovidefoodforlocalpeople.DTomakeivoryproducts.答案A解析细节理解题。根据第二段第二句可知，在莫桑比克内战期间，人们杀死那么多大象是为了通过出售象牙来获得资金，故选A。6Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“thetrend”inthelastparagraphreferto?AElephantsfacinggreaterdanger.BElephantsgrowingmoreslowly.CFewerfemaleelephantsstayingalive.DMorefemaleelephantsbeingtuskless.答案D解析词义猜测题。由画线词所在的句子“However，scientistsarenotsurehowlongitwilltakeforelephantswithahigherrateoftusklessfemales，tochangethetrend.”可知，thetrend指的是更多的母象没有象牙，故选D。CWhenitcomestofocusingatwork，thereisnolackofthingstotakeresponsibilityforourwanderingminds.RefreshingTwitter，scanningthenews，talkingwithcolleaguesaboutsmallbeer.Buttheresonepossiblecauseoffrequentdistraction(分心)Ourworkisntcomplexenough，andthereisntenoughofit.Thisideaisntpopular，especiallywiththosewhofeeltheyrealreadyworkingbusily.Actuallycomplextasksdemandmoreofourworkingmemoryandattention，withlittlementaldistraction.Wegetboredwhenourskillsgobeyondthedemandsofourwork.Andwefeelanxiouswhenthedemandsofataskgobeyondourskills.Understandingyourskilllevel，andmatchingthiswithaworthytaskwillmakeyoumorelikelytobefullydevotedtoyourwork.Besidesquestioningthecomplexityoftasks，itsworthreflectingonwhetheryouhaveenoughworktodoingeneral.Ifnot，youreinvitingdistraction.Thinkbacktoyourlastdeadline.Thattimelineoffersyounodistractionslikeusingsocialmedia.Ourworkloadtendstoexpandtofitthetimeavailableforthecompletionofwork.Smalltasksthatshouldtaketwohourswilltakeanentireworkdayifwehavethattimeavailable.Distractionsaretoblameforthistimetrap.Afewyearsago，afterIfinishedareportonatightdeadline，Icontinuedtobejustasbusy.IenteredmysocialmediaaccountswhenIshouldhavebeenworking.Icheckednewemailsconstantly.IfeltguiltywhenIwasntbusy，andIalleviatedthisguiltbyfillingmytimewithbusywork.LaterIrealizedbusyworkcouldntreallybringtherelief，fortheguiltcamefromthefactthatIwasworkingwithoutintention.Whenwehavemoretodo，choosingwhatwedoaheadoftimebecomesnecessary.Therefore，ifyouhavedistraction，considerthatyoumightneedtoworkharderonprojectsthatwillfillyourdaysandenrichyourlife.语篇解读这是一篇议论文。作者说我们在工作的时候常会分心，这不是因为社交媒体等因素的影响，而是我们手头的工作太简单或者工作量不足，但是我们的工作太难时，我们又会觉得焦虑。关于如何应对分心问题，作者给出了自己的见解。7Whatdopeopleusuallyblameforbeingdistracted?ATheabsenceofworkcomplexity.BTheircolleagueslackofteamwork.CSocialmediaorchatswithcolleagues.DThetirednessafterhoursofhardwork.答案C解析细节理解题。第一段引出作者的观点，说人们工作时会分心，这是因为工作不够复杂，或者工作量不够，但是我们却总是把责任归咎于更新推特、浏览新闻和与同事闲聊等，总结信息可得出，人们通常会将他们的分心归咎于C项“社交媒体或是和同事的闲聊”。8Whenwillwefeelanxiousatwork?AWhenwedonthaveenoughtaskstodo.BWhenourabilitycantmeetjobrequirements.CWhenwearebusywithworkforalongwhile.DWhenwespendtoomuchtimeonsocialmedia.答案B解析细节理解题。根据第二段第四句“Andwefeelanxiouswhenthedemandsofataskgobeyondourskills.”可知，当我们的工作要求超过了我们的能力时，我们就会感到焦虑，因此选B。9Whichofthefollowingcanbestexplaintheunderlinedword“alleviated”inParagraph4?AForgot.BResearched.CDeepened.DEased.答案D解析词义猜测题。根据画线词后面的“byfillingmytimewithbusywork”和第五段第一句“LaterIrealizedbusyworkcouldntreallybringtherelief.”可知，该词与bringtherelief相对应，意为“减轻，缓解”，因此选D。10Whatstheauthorssuggestionondealingwithdistraction?AWorkhardwiththeintentiontofillourlife.BBalancebetweenourworkandsocialactivities.CExpandourworkloadtofitthetimeavailable.DRemovethesenseofguiltaboutmindswanderingaway.答案A解析推理判断题。根据最后一段中“guiltcame.workingwithoutintention”“considerthatyoumightneedtoworkharderonprojectsthatwillfillyourdaysandenrichyourlife”可知，作者认为内疚来自工作无计划，如果我们工作时分心，就要考虑在一些能丰富我们生活的事上多做努力。由此推知，作者建议有计划地在能丰富我们生活的事情上努力，因此选A。.七选五(2019湖北七市3月模拟)Therewasasurveyofthepeoplewhowerebornfrom1980to2000, askingthemwhattheirmostimportantlifegoalswere.Over80percentsaiditwastogetrich.11Wereconstantlytoldtodevotemoretoourwork, topushharderandtoachievemore.Weregiventheimpressionthatthesearethethingsthatweneedtogoaftertohaveagoodlife.Butisthatthetruth？12Butwhatifwecouldstudypeoplefromthetimewhentheywereteenagersallthewayintooldagetoseewhatreallykeepspeoplehappyandhealthy? TheHarvardStudyofAdultDevelopmentdidit.For75years, theyvetrackedthelivesof724men.Studieslikethisareextremelyrare.Almostallprojectsofthiskindfallapartwithinadecadebecausetoomanypeopledropoutofthestudy.13Ortheresearcherscantgettogether.Butthroughacombinationofluckandthepersistenceofseveralgenerationsofresearchers, thisstudyhassurvived.Sowhathavetheylearned? Theconclusionisthatitsnotwealthorfamethatcounts.14Theyvelearnedthreebiglessonsaboutrelationships.Firstly, peoplewhoaremoresociallyconnectedtofamily, tofriendsandtocommunityarehappierandphysicallyhealthier.Thesecondisthatitsnotjustthenumberoffriendsyouhavebutthequalityofyourcloserelationshipsthatmatters.Andthethirdisthatgoodrelationshipsdontjustprotectourbodies.15ATheycanevenprotectourbrains.BTobecomefamouscamesecond.COrfundingfortheresearchdriesup.DThegoodlifeisbuiltwithrelationships.EItturnsoutthatbeinginconflictisbadforourhealth.FItisgoodrelationshipsthatkeepushappierandhealthier.GTobefrank, sometimeswealthandfamecanmakepeoplehappy.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项研究：什么能真正让人们快乐和健康呢？坦率地说，有时财富和名望能让人快乐，但是良好的人际关系让我们更快乐、更健康。11答案B解析根据前文“Therewasasurveyofthepeoplewhowerebornfrom1980to2000, askingthemwhattheirmostimportantlifegoalswere.Over80percentsaiditwastogetrich.”可知有一项针对1980年到2000年出生的人的调查，询问他们最重要的生活目标是什么，超过80%的人说是发家致富。结合选项可知B项“Tobecomefamouscamesecond.”符合文意。12答案G解析前文说“一直以来我们的印象是，为了过上美好的生活，我们需要追求名和利。但这是事实吗？”，结合选项只有G项“Tobefrank, sometimeswealthandfamecanmakepeoplehappy.”说到了名和利，故选G。13答案C解析根据前文“Almostallprojectsofthiskindfallapartwithinadecadebecausetoomanypeopledropoutofthestudy.”可知几乎所有类似的项目在十年内都会分崩离析，因为有太多人退出了这项研究。紧接着下面就提到了导致失败的原因。故C项“或是研究经费枯竭”符合文意。14答案F解析根据下文“Theyvelearnedthreebiglessonsaboutrelationships.”可知F项“Itisgoodrelationshipsthatkeepushappierandhealthier.(良好的人际关系让我们更快乐、更健康)”符合文意。15答案A解析根据前文“Andthethirdisthatgoodrelationshipsdontjustprotectourbodies.”可知是在说良好的人际关系的好处，故A项“Theycanevenprotectourbrains.(它们甚至可以保护我们的大脑)”符合文意。8
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