2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）套卷98

2022年考博英语-中国海洋大学考前提分综合测验卷（附带答案及详解）1. 翻译题在圣诞节这一天，许多美国人去做礼拜或是走亲访友。他们会吃一顿特别的大餐。在圣诞节这一天，无论美国人走到哪里，他们都会互相祝福“圣诞快乐”。在美国，音乐是庆祝圣诞节的重要方式。美国人喜欢各种各样的圣诞歌曲。【答案】On the day of Christmas, many Americans go to church or visit their relatives and friends. They always have a special dinner. On that day, wherever Americans go, they always wish each other Merry Christmas. Music is often an important way to celebrate Christmas in the United States. Americans enjoy all kinds of Christmas songs.2. 单选题When the fire alarm rang, we （ ）outside the emergency exit.问题1选项A.resembledB.dissembledC.assembledD.scrambled【答案】C【解析】句意:当火警响起时，我们在紧急出口外集合。考查动词辨析。Resemble看起来像,显得像,像; dissemble 掩盖,掩饰(真实感情或意图); assemble聚集,集合,收集; scramble (迅速而吃力地)爬,攀登,抢,抢占。故C符合句意。3. 单选题I could not imagine that （ ）possible.问题1选项A.beB.beingC.isD.was【答案】A【解析】句意:我简直不能想象那是有可能的。语法题。考查特殊虚拟语气。imagine之后的that引导的宾语从句需要用 虚拟语气：should+动词原形,此时should可以省略。4. 单选题（ ） , I do not like him as a man.问题1选项A.I admire him as much as a writerB.As I admire him as a writerC.Much as I admire him as a writerD.As much I admire as a writer【答案】C【解析】句意:尽管我钦佩他是一名作家，但是我却不喜欢他这个人。语法题。考查as引导的让步状语从句。As引导让步状语从句表示“尽管,即使”时要使用部分倒装结构:副词+as+主语+谓语,故选C。5. 单选题（ ） the accident, they would have arrived earlier.问题1选项A.Except forB.But forC.BesidesD.Save for【答案】B【解析】句意:要不是这个事故，他们会更早地到达。考查短语辨析。except for除了以外; but for要不是; besides此外，而且; save for除之外。句子后半句“they would have arrived earlier”为对过去的虚拟,那次推测空格处应该表示“要不是”。6. 单选题The （ ）of the lake is covered with reeds and rushes.问题1选项A.beachB.shoreC.coastD.bank【答案】B【解析】句意:湖岸上覆盖着芦苇与杂草。考查近义词辨析。Beach 海岸 (主要指接近海水较为平坦的地方，其上往往覆盖有沙子或碎石); shore水与陆地交界的“岸”（如：海 岸、湖岸、河岸等）; coast海岸,海岸线（通常只能指“海岸”，不 指湖岸或河岸）; bank大多指江河之岸,特别是高处水平以上的岸或堤岸。根据题干中的reeds and rushes(芦苇和杂草)可知B项正确。7. 翻译题Translate the following paragraph into English.钓鱼是一项能够陶冶性情的运动，有益于身心健康。著名的词作家乔羽说：“钓鱼 可以分为三个阶段：第一阶段是吃鱼；第二阶段是吃鱼和情趣兼而有之；第三个阶段主要是钓趣，面对一池碧水，将忧心烦恼全都抛到一边，使自己的身心得到充分休息。”【答案】Fishing is a sport that can help improve ones temperament. It is good for physical and mental health. The well-known songwriter Qiao Yu said : “Fishing falls into three stages. The first stage is just for eating fish. The second stage is for enjoying the pleasure of fishing as well as eating fish. The third stage is mainly for the pleasure of fishing-facing a pool of clear water, one casts aside all anxieties and worries and enjoys a good mental and physical rest.8. 翻译题Translate the following short Chinese passage into English, which should be written on your Answer Sheet.人们常说，做一名旅游者是“现代体验”的特征之一。“从不出游”就和没有轿车或高级住宅一样寒酸。在现代社会中，旅行是一种地位的标志，也被视为保持身体健康之必需。因此，旅游从业人员的任务就是根据旅游者的阶层和总期望值来迎合他们的需要和兴趣。【答案】It has been said that to be a tourist is one of the characteristics of the “modern experience”. Never “going away” is like not possessing a car or a nice house. Travel is a marker of status in modern societies and is also thought to be necessary for good health. The role of the professional, therefore, is to cater for the needs and tastes of the tourists in accordance with their class and overall expectations.9. 单选题Are some people born clever, and others born stupid? Or is intelligence developed by our environment and our experience? Strangely enough, the answer to these questions is yes. To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence. On the other hand, a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings. Thus the limits of persons intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment. This view, now held by most experts, can be supported in a number of ways.It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with. The closer the blood relationship between two people, the closer they are likely to be in intelligence. Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different. If, on the other hand, we take two identical twins, they will very likely be as intelligent as each other. Relations like brothers and sisters, parents and children, usually have similar intelligence, and this clearly suggests that intelligence depends on birth.Imagine now that we take two identical twins and put them in different environments. We might send one, for example, to a university and the other to a factory where the work is boring. We should soon find difference in intelligence developing, and this indicates that environment as well as birth plays a part. This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence.1.The writer is in favor of the view that a mans intelligence is given to him （ ）.2.If a child is born with low intelligence, he can（ ）.3.In the second paragraph “if we take two unrelated people at random from population” means if we（ ）.4.The example of the twins going to a university and to a factory separately shows（ ）.5.The best title of this passage could be（ ）.问题1选项A.at birthB.through educationC.both at birth and through educationD.neither at birth nor through education问题2选项A.become a geniusB.still become a genius if he is given special educationC.reach his intellectual limits in rich surroundingsD.not become intelligent in his life问题3选项A.pick any two peopleB.take out two different peopleC.choose two people who are relativesD.choose two people with different intelligence问题4选项A.the importance of their intelligenceB.the role of environment on intelligenceC.the importance of their positionsD.the part that birth plays问题5选项A.surroundingsB.intelligenceC.the dependence on environmentD.the effect of education【答案】第1题:C第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:B【解析】1.细节事实题。第一段指出: To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth(在一定程度上，我们的智力水平是先天决定的), On the other hand,a child who lives in a boring environment will develop his intelligence less than one who lives in rich and varied surroundings(另一方面，一个生活在单调乏味环境中 的孩子比一个生活在丰富多彩的环境中的孩子有更少的智力发展),由此可知C项“先天条件和后天教育共同决定了一个人的智力水平”符合作者观点。2.细节事实题。A:成为天才,B: 如果接受特殊教育，还是能够成为天才的,由第一段中的 “To some extent our intelligence is given to us at birth, and no amount of education can make a genius out of a child born with low intelligence (在一定程度上,我们的智力水平是先天决定的。没有什么样的教育能够让一个天生智力水平低下的孩子变成一个天才)”可知A和B错误。C:可以在丰 富多彩的环境中达到其智力的上限,D: 在他的一生中都不能变聪明,由第一段中的“Thus the limits of persons intelligence are fixed at birth, whether or not he reaches those limits will depend on his environment (因此，每个人的智力的上限是先天决定的，而后天的环境决定了一个人能否让自己的智力达到上限)”可知C项正确,D错误。3.语义题。第二段中心句为: It is easy to show that intelligence is to some extent something we are born with (很容易证明人的智力水平是天生的),随后便通过实验证明这一中心句。“if we take two unrelated people at random from population”所在句为:Thus if we take two unrelated people at random from population, it is likely that their degree of intelligence will be completely different (如果，那么很有可能这两个人的智力水平完全不同),由此可知A“任意挑选两个人”与题干句语义最接近。4.判断推理题。根据题干the twins going to a university and to a factory separately”定位至第三段。第三段主题句为: This conclusion is also suggested by the fact that people who live in close contact with each other, but who are not related at all are likely to have similar degree of intelligence (两个没有亲属关系但亲密接触的人很有可能拥有相同的智力水平， 这一事实也暗示了前面的结论)。因此可知第三段是为了论证后天环境对个人智力发展的重要作用,故选B“环境在智力发展中所扮演的角色”。5.主旨大意题。文章论证的是先天因素和后天环境在个人智力发展中所扮演的角色。故选B“智力”。10. 单选题（ ） both the largest and northernmost state in the United States, Alaska has thesmallest population.问题1选项A.Despite beingB.Despite it isC.Despite thatD.In spite being【答案】A【解析】句意:虽然阿拉斯加州是美国最大且位置最靠北的州，但是人口却是最少的。语法题。考查现在分词引导状语从句。分析题干跟选项可知,空格处表示让步 “尽管”,句子后半句为主句,所以前半句为be动词的现在分词形式引导的让步状语从句。故选A。11. 单选题The factory operated （ ）until the order was filled.问题1选项A.at timesB.to the minuteC.day by dayD.around the clock【答案】D【解析】句意:工厂昼夜不停地运行直到订单满额。考查短语辨析。at times 有时,偶尔; to the minute 准时; day by day 每一天; around the clock 昼夜不停地。根据后半句句意 “知道订单满额”推测D符合句意。12. 单选题The loss of the （ ）of his hearing didnt stop him from being a useful member of the society.问题1选项A.abilityB.capabilityC.powerD.faculty【答案】A【解析】句意:听觉能力的丧失阻碍不了他成为一名对社会有用的人。考查名词辨析。Ability能力,才能（指人先天的或学来的各种能力）; capability才能，能力，容量（指胜任某项具体工作的能力，也指本身具有、尚未发挥的潜能）; power功率，力量，能力，政权，势力（泛指一切力量或能力等）; faculty科，系，能力，全体教员（指特殊的才能或智力）。由关键词hearing(听力)可知这里指先天能力,故选A。13. 单选题At dawn on September 5th, 1972, a band of “Black September” Arab guerrillas broke into the Israeli building in the Olympic village near Munich where 10,000 athletes were staying. Over 250 plain clothes police had been brought into the village, following a tip-off trouble ahead, but none of them saw the Arabs scale the fence. They burst into the Israeli building with submachine guns blazing at 5:10 am. Some Israeli athletes escaped through the windows and side doors. Nine were taken hostage. The guerrillas demanded the release of 200 Palestinians held in Israeli jails and a safe passage out of Germany. Within hours the Olympic village was surrounded by 13,000 police. The Olympic Games were suspended. After some negotiations, the terrorists were told they would be flown with their hostages to an Arab country. They were taken by helicopter to the Fursten field military airport 25 miles from Munich. Just before midnight the guerrillas and their hostages began to walk across the tarmac to a waiting Boeing 727 aircraft. Suddenly all the airport lights were turned out and German police sharp shooters opened fire. The rescue attempt failed tragically. In the gun battle all nine hostages, were killed, as well as four Arabs and one policeman. Three Arabs were captured and one escaped into the nearby woods. On the 8th，Israeli planes bombed ten guerrilla bases in revenge for Munich massacre.1.The most possible reason for Israeli athletes being attacked and kidnapped is that（ ）.2.When the trouble took place, the Olympic Games （ ）.3.The terrorists were told that they would be probably sent by air to（ ）.4.How many Arabs were there as terrorists?5.What do you think Palestine and Israel would act next?问题1选项A.they had a conflict with the Arab guerrillasB.the Arab guerrillas wanted to save the Palestinians held in Israeli jails.C.the German Government hated IsraelD.the Arab guerrillas hoped to get a large sum of money问题2选项A.were completedB.were going onC.were to be finishedD.were to take place问题3选项A.ItalyB.IndiaC.SyriaD.Nigeria问题4选项A.SevenB.EightC.NineD.It wasnt mentioned问题5选项A.They would begin another conflict.B.They would begin to negotiateC.They would try to improve each others relationD.They would turn to UN.【答案】第1题:B第2题:B第3题:C第4题:B第5题:A【解析】1.细节事实题。文章指出：The guerrillas demanded the release of 200 Palestinians held in Israeli jails and a safe passage out of Germany（这些游击队员要求释放被关押在以色列监狱的200名巴勒斯坦人并安全地离开德国），因此B项“这些阿拉伯游击队员想解救被关押在以色列监狱的巴勒斯坦人”正确。2.细节事实题。由文中“The Olympic Games were suspended（奥运会被暂停）”可知当时奥运会正在进行。故选B。3.判断推理题。文章指出：After some negotiations, the terrorists were told they would be flown with their hostages to an Arab country（经过一些协商，恐怖分子们被告知他们和其人质将被用飞机送到一个阿拉伯国家），四个选项中，只有C项 “叙利亚”属于阿拉伯国家。4.细节事实题。文中指出：In the gun battle all nine hostages were killed, as well as four Arabs and one policeman. Three Arabs were captured and one escaped into the nearby woods(枪战中9名人质全被打死，4名阿拉伯恐怖分子和一名警察也被杀。三名阿拉伯恐怖分子被捕，其中一名阿拉伯恐怖分子逃入附近的树林）。因此枪战中一共8个阿拉伯恐怖分子。5.细节事实题。文章指出：On the 8th, Israeli planes bombed ten guerrilla bases in revenge for Munich massacre（8号，以色列的飞机轰炸了10个游击队基地来报复慕尼黑的屠杀）。因此推测A项“他们将开 始另外一场冲突”正确。14. 单选题The year was 1959. Location: the central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo. A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again. Doctors analyzed his sample, froze it in a test tube and forgot about it. A quarter century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained H.I.V, the virus that causes AIDS.And not just any HIV. The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans, according to a report published last week in Nature. Dr. David Ho, director of the Aaron Diamond AIDS Research Center in New York City and one of the studys authors, says a careful genetic analysis of the samples DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade to the early 50s even the 40s.1.What is the passage about?2.That AIDS spread to other places besides Africa. The origin of the AIDS epidemic was thought to begin in the （ ）.3.Which of the following statements is NOT TRUE?4.According to the passage, the man who carried HIV gave blood because he wanted to（ ）.问题1选项A.The fact that HTV and the AIDS virus were first discovered in Africa.B.The role that Leopoldvilles sample plays.C.That Leopoldvilles sample contributes to solving the puzzle on the origin of AIDS.D.That AIDS spread to other places besides Africa问题2选项A.1940sB.1950sC.1960sD.mid-1980s问题3选项A.The AIDS virus comes from monkeys or chimpanzees.B.The AIDS virus was earliest discovered in Kinshasa, 1959.C.Before Leopoldville was changed into Kinshasa in name, it was a colony.D.No other AIDS virus discovered anywhere else can be older than the one discovered in Leopoldville.问题4选项A.infect others to take revenge on the whole societyB.earn money to support his familyC.make a name for himselfD.none of the above【答案】第1题:B第2题:C第3题:B第4题:D【解析】1.主旨大意题。第一段描述了Leopoldville 位看似健康的男性到医院抽血,而后指出长达四分之一个世纪后，艾滋病研究者从中发现了艾滋病病毒。而在第二段进一步强调 “并不只是发现了艾滋病病毒这么简单”,之后详细介绍了该部分血液中发现的艾滋病毒的重要意义。因此B项 “Leopoldville的样本所起的作用”比较能概括文章大意。2.判断推理题。文章最后一句指出: .says a careful genetic analysis of the samples DNA pushes the putative origin of the AIDS epidemic back at least a decade to the early 50s even the 40s (对该样本的 DNA分析将假定的艾滋病起源时间往前推了至少十年，至20世纪50年代，甚至是40年代),由此推断过去假定的艾滋病起源时间应该是20世纪60年代。3.判断推理题。A:艾滋病毒来源于猴子或者黑猩猩,根据第二段的 “The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated and may now help solve the mystery of how and when the virus made the leap from animals (monkeys or chimpanzees) to humans.(Leopoldville的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本，有助于解开艾滋病毒从动物（猴子或者黑猩猩）传播到人类的时间和方式之谜)”可知A项正确。B: 艾滋病毒最早是于1959年在Kinshasa被发现,由第一段中的 “A quarter century later, in the mid-1980s, researchers studying the growing AIDS epidemic took a second look at the blood and discovered that it contained H.I.V., the virus that causes AIDS (四分之一个世纪后，也就是20世纪80年代中期，艾滋病研究者再次对该部分血液进行研究，从中发现了体免疫缺乏症病毒，这是一种导致艾滋病的病毒)”可知B项错误。C: 在Leopoldville更名为 Kinshasa之前，Leopoldville仍是殖民地,由第一段的 “Location: the central African city of Leopoldville, now called Kinshasa, shortly before the waves of violent rebellion that followed the liberation of the Belgian Congo (地点：在LeopoldvHle的中心城市。就在导致比属刚果独立的暴力反抗浪潮前不久，Leopoldville更名为Kinshasa)”可知C项正确。D: 在其他地方没有发现比Leopoldville的样本更早的艾滋病毒,由第二段的 “The Leopoldville sample is the oldest specimen of the AIDS virus ever isolated. (Leopoldville 的样本是最早的艾滋病毒单独样本)”可知D项正确。故本题选B。4.细节事实题。第一段指出: A seemingly healthy man walked into a hospital clinic to give blood for a western-backed study of blood diseases. He walked away and was never heard from again(应一项由西方国家支持的血液疾病研究的需要，一位看似健康的男性到医院抽血。然后就离开了，从此再也没有听说过他)。A: 为了通过感染他人来报复社会,B: 挣钱养家,C: 让自己成名，均不能通过文章推断出来。故选D。15. 单选题（ ）at conveying her underlying messages through the skilled use of words that her lecture was greeted by students with deafening applause.问题1选项A.So successful the speaker wasB.So successful was the speakerC.The speaker so successfulD.Because the speaker was so successful【答案】B【解析】句意:这位演讲者通过巧妙的语言如此成功地表达了她的潜在信息，以致她的演讲得到学生们震耳欲聋的掌声。语法题。考查部分倒装。在so.that句型中,如果so+形容词提前,句子需要部分倒装,故选B。16. 单选题The match was canceled because most of the members （ ）a match without a standard court问题1选项A.objected to havingB.were objected to haveC.objected to haveD.were objected to having【答案】A【解析】句意:这场比赛被取消了，因为大部分成员反对在没有标准场地的情况下比赛。考查固定搭配。object to doing sth. 反对做某事。17. 单选题Excuse me, but it is time to have your temperature（ ）.问题1选项A.takeB.takingC.to takeD.taken【答案】D【解析】句意:打扰一下，该量体温了。语法题。考查宾语补足语。题干考查 “使役动词have+宾语your temperature +宾语补足语”结构,此处的宾语temperature和宾语补足语take之间是被动关系,故使用过去分词taken。18. 单选题Dont run （ ）the idea that Scotsmen are mean. They just dont like wasting money.问题1选项A.in forB.intoC.away fromD.away with【答案】D【解析】句意:不要轻率地下结论说苏格兰人很吝啬。他们只是不想浪费钱。考查固定搭配。run away with the idea轻易接受（意见、看法等）。19. 单选题We are not （ ）to veto our own proposals.问题1选项A.likelyB.possibleC.probableD.potential【答案】A【解析】考查近义词辨析。A选项likely“很可能的（可能性比较强）”，其主语可以是人；B选项possible“可能的，合理的”，主语一般为 it；C选项probable“很可能的；可信的”，一般是这样用的：it is probable that；D选项potential“潜在的，可能的”，一般为：it is potential to do sth.。句意：我们不可能否定我们自己的提议。句子主语是We，根据题干可知likely符合句意。20. 单选题He is a man you can rely on. He never goes back on his（ ）.问题1选项A.wordB.wordsC.permissionD.saying【答案】B【解析】句意:他是一个值得信赖的人。他从不食言。考查固定搭配。go back on ones words 食言。