2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）套卷14

2022年考博英语-四川师范大学考试题库及全真模拟冲刺卷（含答案带详解）1. 翻译题Early men were also greatly interested in the stars they saw twinkling in the sky at night. What they did not realize was that the stars were also present during the daytime, but their light was not visible because of the brilliance of the sun. How did they discover this?There is one event which does enable us to see the stars in the daytime. It is the total eclipse of the sun(日全食),when the moon passes in front of the sun and hides it from view. When this happens, the sky becomes dark enough for the stars to be seen. Total eclipses of this kind do not occur very often and are not likely to be seen from the same area more than once every fifty-four years. One can imagine what an awe-inspiring sight it must have been for an early man, who would remember the event for the rest of his life.So man watched the movements of the sun, the moon and the stars and wondered about them. It was practicing the oldest branch of scienceastronomy.【答案】古人也对夜晚所见天空中闪烁的群星怀有浓厚的兴趣。他们还知道白天星星也在那里，只是看不见它们闪光，因为太阳光太强了。人们怎么会发现这一点的呢？只有一种情况让我们在白天看见星星，那就是日全食。月亮走到太阳前面，把它遮住。这时天空变暗，便可看见星星了。这种日全食并不常见，同一个地区也许每隔五十四年只会碰上一次。我们可以想象，对于古人来说，这该是一种多么令人心惊胆颤的景象啊，他们一生永远也不会忘记。人类就是这样观察太阳，月亮和星体的运动，并产生疑问的，人们在思考它们是什么，以及它们在干什么的时候，其实就是在从事对科学的最古老的学科天文学的研究。2. 单选题The accountant _ thousands of dollars from the charity while appearing to be its best fundraiser.问题1选项A.donatedB.validatedC.embezzledD.certify【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项donate“捐赠，捐献”；B选项validate“证实，验证；确认；使生效”；C选项embezzle“盗用；挪用；贪污”；D选项certify“证明；保证”。句意：那个会计盗用善款几千美元，却表现出自己是最佳的捐助者。根据句中的while可知，前后两句关系为转折，后半句提到“最佳捐赠者”，那么前半句句意应该与之相反。因此C选项正确。3. 单选题Those who _ energetically into the matter have prospects of finding other more convenient solutions.问题1选项A.wanderB.penetrateC.concentrateD.emphasize【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项wander“徘徊；漫步；迷路；离题”；B选项penetrate“渗透；穿透；洞察”；C选项concentrate“集中；浓缩；全神贯注；聚集”；D选项emphasize“强调，着重”。句意：那些积极钻研这一问题的人有希望找到其他更方便的解决办法。因此B选项正确。4. 单选题Very few people understood his lecture, the subject of which was very _.问题1选项A.dimB.obscureC.conspicuousD.intelligible【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项dim“暗淡的，昏暗的；模糊的，看不清的；悲观的，怀疑的”；B选项obscure“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”；C选项conspicuous“显著的；显而易见的”；D选项intelligible“可理解的；明了的；仅能用智力了解的”。句意：很少有人听懂他的演讲，因为他的主题晦涩难懂。因此B选项正确。5. 单选题The English language contains a(n) _ of words which are comparative seldom used in ordinary conversation.问题1选项A.altitudeB.latitudeC.multitudeD.attitude【答案】C【解析】考查固定搭配。A选项altitude“高地；高度；顶垂线；高级；海拔”；B选项latitude“纬度；界限；活动范围”；C选项multitude“大量，多数；群众，人群”；D选项attitude“态度；看法；意见；姿势”。根据固定搭配a multitude of“大批的，众多的；大量的；一大批”可知句意为：英语语言还有很多相对来说很少被使用在我们的日常谈话中的单词。因此C选项正确。6. 单选题Fitness helps _ signs of depression, such as indecision and lack of zest for daily activities.问题1选项A.alleviateB.diagnoseC.assessD.manipulate【答案】A【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项alleviate“减轻，缓和”；B选项diagnose“诊断；断定；判断”；C选项assess“评定；估价；对征税”；D选项manipulate“操纵；操作；巧妙地处理；篡改”。句意：健康有助于缓解抑郁迹象，如优柔寡断和对日常活动缺乏热情。因此A选项正确。7. 单选题The legal ownership of the goods _ the seller until the final payment has been made.问题1选项A.relies onB.consistsC.remains withD.falls into【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项rely on“依靠；依赖；凭借；信赖”；B选项consists“包括；组成；由；在于”；C选项remain with“属于；在；翻译；取决于”；D选项fall into“落入；陷入；陷于；河流注入”。句意：在付清全部货款之前，货物的所有权属于卖方。因此C选项正确。8. 单选题A cobweb glistening with dew seems as _ as it is lovely.问题1选项A.frigidB.fragileC.stridentD.tedious【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项frigid“寒冷的，严寒的；冷淡的”；B选项fragile“脆的；易碎的”；C选项strident“刺耳的；尖锐的；吱吱尖叫的；轧轧作响的”；D选项tedious“沉闷的；冗长乏味的”。由“有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又_，又可爱”可知空格处的词语要与cobweb（蜘蛛网）在逻辑上搭配，且与lovely的感情色彩一致，句意：有露珠闪烁的蜘蛛网看上去又脆弱，又可爱。因此B选项正确。9. 单选题Benjamin Franklin, tactless in his youth, became so diplomatic, so _ at handling people that he was made American Ambassador to France.问题1选项A.adroitB.shrewdC.considerateD.foxy【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项adroit“敏捷的，灵巧的；熟练的”；B选项shrewd“精明的；机灵的”；C选项considerate“体贴的；体谅的；考虑周到的”；D选项foxy“像狐狸的；狡猾的；（女性）狐媚的；赤褐色的；（葡萄酒）有麝香味的；（纸或其他材料）有斑点的，泛黄的”。句意：本杰明富兰克林年轻时很笨拙，但后来变得善于交际，善于与人打交道，被任命为美国驻法国大使。因此A选项正确。10. 单选题For all her rich experience in practicing law, the lawyer failed to pry much information out of the _ witness.问题1选项A.sophisticatedB.obstinateC.soberD.gloomy【答案】B【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项sophisticated“复杂的；精致的；久经世故的；富有经验的”；B选项obstinate“顽固的；倔强的；难以控制的”；C选项sober“冷静的，清醒的；未醉的”；D选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的”。句意：尽管这位律师有丰富的律师执业经验，但她未能从这位固执的证人那里打听到多少信息。因此B选项正确。11. 单选题Einsteins theory of relativity seemed _ when it was first introduced.问题1选项A.impressiveB.unaccountableC.inconsistentD.incredible【答案】D【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项impressive“感人的；令人钦佩的；给人以深刻印象的”；B选项unaccountable“无责任的；莫名其妙的；不可理解的”；C选项inconsistent“不一致的；前后矛盾的”；D选项incredible“不能相信的，难以置信的；极好的，极大的”。句意：爱因斯坦的相对论刚被提出时似乎令人难以置信。因此D选项正确。12. 单选题In spite of the _ economic forecasts, manufacturing output has risen slightly.问题1选项A.gloomyB.miserableC.shadowyD.obscure【答案】A【解析】考查形容词辨析。A选项gloomy“黑暗的；沮丧的；阴郁的”；B选项miserable“悲惨的；痛苦的；卑鄙的”；C选项shadowy“幽暗的，朦胧的；鲜为人知的，神秘莫测的”；D选项“昏暗的，朦胧的；晦涩的，不清楚的；隐蔽的；不著名的，无名的”。gloomy的程度较miserable轻，大概是那种看上去挺消沉的感觉；miserable则是很明显能看出伤心难受的感觉；shadowy表示黑漆漆的看不清（比如晚上在外面走着看到远处一个模糊不清的影子这类），是感官上的形容词；obscure则是用来表达某些概念事物鲜为人知，或者难以理解这种抽象的形容词。句意：尽管经济发展前景不容乐观，但制造业的产量却稍有增加。因此A选项正确。13. 单选题Although Jack and I had not met for over 20 years I recognized him _ I saw him.问题1选项A.just asB.even thoughC.the minuteD.as long as【答案】C【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项just as“正如；正像”；B选项even though“虽然，即使”；C选项the minute“ 一就，当（即）”；D选项as long as“只要；如果；既然；长达”。句意：虽然我和杰克已经20多年没见面了，但我一见到他就认出他来了。因此C选项正确。14. 单选题If you are looking for a quality education at a reasonable price, then consider State University as the place to _.问题1选项A.sitB.enrollC.encounterD.situate【答案】B【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项sit“坐；位于；使就座”；B选项enroll“登记；使加入；把记入名册；使入伍；参加；注册；记入名册”；C选项encounter“遭遇；邂逅；遇到”；D选项situate“使位于；使处于；把放在（特殊的环境中），把跟（具体情境）联系”。句意：如果你想以合理的价格获得高质量的教育，那就考虑把州立大学作为注册入学的地方。因此B选项正确。15. 单选题A(n) _ of employment opportunities _ prospective employees entering the job market.问题1选项A.excess; impedesB.surfeit; hinderC.lack; inspiresD.dearth; discourages【答案】D【解析】考查词汇辨析。A选项excess“超过，超额；过度，过量；无节制”；impede“阻碍；妨碍；阻止”；B选项surfeit“过度；饮食过度；恶心（由于饮食过度所引起）”；hinder“成为阻碍；阻碍；打扰”；C选项lack“缺乏，不足”；inspire“激发；鼓舞；启示；产生；使生灵感”；D选项dearth“缺乏；饥馑；粮食不足”，较lack更正式；discourage“阻止；使气馁”。句意：就业机会的缺乏阻碍了未来的雇员进入就业市场。因此D选项正确。16. 单选题In cities with rent control, the city government sets the maximum rent that a landlord can charge for an apartment. Supporters of rent control argue that it protects people who are living in apartments. Their rent cannot increase; therefore, they are not in danger of losing their homes. However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects. Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.Some theorists argue that the minimum wage law can cause problems in the same way. The federal government sets the minimum that an employer must pay workers. The minimum helps people who generally look for unskilled, low-paying jobs. However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment. Some poor people may find themselves without jobs instead of with jobs at the minimum wage.Supporters of the minimum wage say that it helps people keep their dignity. Because of the law, workers cannot sell their services for less than the minimum. Furthermore, employers cannot force workers to accept jobs at unfair wages.Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if “other things are equal”.Economists do not agree on some of the predictions. They also do not agree on the value of different decisions. Some economists support a particular decision while others criticize it. Economists do agree, however, that there are no simple answers to economic questions.1. There is the possibility that setting maximum rent may _.2. According to the critics, rent control _.3. The problem of unemployment will arise, _.4. The passage tells us _.5. Which of the following statements is NOT true?问题1选项A.cause a shortage of apartmentsB.worry those who rent apartments as homesC.increase the profits of landlordsD.encourage landlords to invest in building apartment问题2选项A.will always benefit those who rent apartmentsB.is unnecessaryC.will bring negative effects in the long runD.is necessary under all circumstances问题3选项A.if the minimum wage is set too highB.if the minimum wage is set too lowC.if the workers are unskilledD.if the maximum wage is set问题4选项A.the relationship between supply and demandB.the possible results of government controlsC.the necessity of government controlD.the urgency of getting rid of government controls问题5选项A.The results of economic decisions cannot always be predicted.B.Minimum wage cannot always protect employees.C.Economic theory can predict the results of economic decisions if other factors are not changing.D.Economic decisions should not be based on economic theory.【答案】第1题:A第2题:C第3题:A第4题:B第5题:D【解析】1.判断推理题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“Landlords know that they cannot increase their profits. Therefore, they invest in other businesses where they can increase their profits. They do not invest in new buildings which would also be rent-controlled. As a result, new apartments are not built. Many people who need apartments cannot find any. According to the critics, the end result of rent control is a shortage of apartments in the city.（房东们知道他们不能通过出租公寓来增加自己的利润，因此他们会投资其他可以增加利润的业务。他们不会投资新建筑，因为新建筑也会受到租金管制。因此，新建公寓减少，许多需要公寓的人找不到公寓来租。根据评论家的说法，租金管制的最终结果是城市的公寓短缺。）”由此可知租金管制最有可能的结果就是造成城市公寓短缺，所以A选项“造成公寓短缺”说法正确。B选项“使那些租公寓当房子的人发愁”文章虽然有提到，但其并不是租金管制的最终结果，故不选；C选项“增加房东的利润”说法错误，文章提到租金管制会减少房东的利润；D选项“鼓励房东投资新公寓建造”说法错误，文中说到房东们并不会投资公寓，而是其他可以增加自己利润的业务。因此A选项正确。2.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第一段“However, the critics say that after a long time, rent control may have negative effects.（然而，批评者说，长期以来，租金控制可能会产生负面影响。）”由此可知C选项“从长远来看会带来负面影响”说法正确。A选项“将永远有利于那些租房的人”；B选项“是不必要的”；D选项“在任何情况下都是必要的”都不符合文章事实，因此C选项正确。3.细节事实题。根据题干可定位到文章第二段“However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers.Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment.（然而，如果最低工资设置得很高，雇主可能会雇佣更少的工人因此，批评人士声称，提高最低工资可能会导致失业。）”由此可知。如果最低工资设定得太高会导致失业问题的出现，所以A选项“如果最低工资设定得太高”说法正确。B选项“如果最低工资设定得太低”；C选项“如果工人不熟练”；D选项“如果设定了最高工资”都不符合文章事实，因此A选项正确。4.判断推理题。文章第一段说到政府设置房东可以收取的公寓最高租金，即租金管制可能会造成城市公寓短缺；第二段说到政府设置最低工资可能会导致失业问题。文章倒数第二段也说到“Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if other things are equal.”（经济理论预测了经济决策的结果，如关于农业生产的决定、租金控制和最低工资。只有在“其他事情是平等的”时，预测才是正确的）。由此可知文章主要是利用经济理论预测了政府控制的可能结果，所以B选项“政府管制的可能结果”说法正确。A选项“供求关系”文章没有提到；C选项“政府管控的必要性”说法错误，文章中提到的政府管控的结果都是负面的，从而不能说明政府管控的必要性；D选项“摆脱政府管控的紧迫性”说法错误，文章最后一段说到经济学家们对评论家们的预测意见不一，且认为经济问题没有简单的答案，所以由此可知文章并没有建议摆脱政府的管制。因此B选项正确。5.判断推理题。根据文章倒数第二段“Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions such as decisions about farm production, rent control, and the minimum wage. The predictions may be correct only if other things are equal.”（经济理论预测了经济决策的结果，如关于农业生产的决定、租金控制和最低工资。只有在“其他事情是平等的”时，预测才是正确的）。可知A选项“经济决策的结果并不总是可以预测的”和C选项“如果其他因素不变，经济理论可以预测经济决策的结果”说法正确；根据文章第二段“However, if the minimum is high, employers may hire fewer workers. They will replace workers with machinery. The price, which is the wage that employers must pay, increases. Therefore, other things being equal, the number of workers that employers want decreases. Thus, critics claim, an increase in the minimum wage may cause unemployment.（然而，如果最低工资是高的，雇主可能会雇佣更少的工人。他们将用机器代替工人。价格，也就是雇主必须支付的工资，上涨了。因此，在其他条件相同的情况下，雇主需要的工人数量会减少。因此，评论家声称，提高最低工资可能会导致失业。）”可知B选项“最低工资政策不能总是保护员工”说法正确；根据倒数第二段的开头“Economic theory predicts the results of economic decisions（经济理论预测了经济决策的结果）”可知经济决策应该以经济理论为基础，因此D选项“经济决策不应以经济理论为基础”说法错误。因此D选项符合题意。17. 单选题You didnt put on more clothes; otherwise you _ cold.问题1选项A.wouldnt have caughtB.wouldnt catchC.cant catchD.cant have caught【答案】A【解析】考查虚拟语气。otherwise表示“否则，要不然”时，其后的句子应用虚拟语气。由You didnt put on more clothes可知此处是对过去的虚拟，故空格处用过去完成时。句意：你没有多穿衣服，否则就不会感冒了。因此A选项正确。18. 单选题The detective and his assistant have begun to _ the mysterious murder.问题1选项A.come throughB.look intoC.make overD.see to【答案】B【解析】考查短语辨析。A选项come through“经历；安然度过；获得成功”；B选项look into“调查；观察；窥视；浏览；看”；C选项make over“转让；移交；修改”；D选项see to“注意；负责；照料”。句意：侦探和他的助手已经开始调查那宗神秘的谋杀案。因此B选项正确。19. 单选题Academic records from other institutions often become part of a university official file and can neither be returned to a student nor _.问题1选项A.explicatedB.complicatedC.duplicatedD.implicated【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项explicated“说明，解释”；B选项complicated“使复杂化；使恶化；使卷入”；C选项duplicated“复制；使加倍”；D选项implicated“使卷入；涉及；暗指；影响”。句意：来自其他机构的学术记录通常会成为一所大学的官方所有文件，并且不会被返还给学生或者被复制。因此C选项正确。20. 单选题I support your decision, but I should also make it clear that I am not going to be _ to it.问题1选项A.connectedB.fastenedC.boundD.stuck【答案】C【解析】考查动词辨析。A选项connected“连接；联合；关联；链接”；B选项fastened “使固定；集中于；扎牢；强加于；扣紧；抓住；集中注意力”；C选项bound“跳跃着跑；弹回，弹开；形成的边界；关，围入；限制，束缚”；D选项stuck“刺，戳；伸出；粘贴；坚持；伸出；粘住”。句意：我支持你的决定，但是我得说明，我不打算受它约束。因此C选项正确。