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叙事 1. 写作指导 叙事类记叙文主要由时间(when)、地点(where)、人物(who)、原因(why)、经过(how)和结果(what)六大要素构成。 写叙事记叙文的注意事项: (1) 结构要完整。事件的前因后果,来龙去脉要讲清楚;文章的标题和内容要一致; 文章的结尾与开头要呼应。 (2) 人称要清楚。写记叙文可用“你、我、他”三种人称。叙事时应根据需要转换人 称,但不能引起混乱,让读者分不清谁是谁。 (3) 线索要连贯。线索是把文章的全部材料串连成一个有机整体的纽带。时间、人物 和事件都可以成为线索,但必须前后连贯,不能割裂开来。 (4) 构思要新颖。构思新颖就是文章的立意要新颖,组织材料和表达思想内容的手法 要巧妙,与众不同。这样才能引起读者的兴趣,使读者爱不释手。 总之,写叙事记叙文总的要求是一要清楚,二要生动。能做到这两点,聚能写出一篇出色的叙事作文。 2. 2满分作文 根据中文大意和英文提示词语,写出意思连贯、符合逻辑、不少于60词的短文。所给英文提示词语供选用。请不要写出你的校名和姓名。 汶川地震(Wenchuan Earthquake)发生后,9岁学生林浩(Lin Hao)救了两名同学,然后步行7个小时到达安全地点。 请你就林浩同学的事迹,以“Learn from the Hero”为题,给你校英语专刊投稿。内容包括林浩同学事迹简介,你对这件事的感受,以及你要向他学习什么。 提示词语:a student, nine years old, happen, save, walk, to safety, be deeply moved, brave, give up Learn from the Hero Lin Hao is a student. He is only nine years old. After Wenchuan Earthquake happened, he saved two of his classmates. Then he walked for seven hours to safety. I was deeply moved by his story. I think he is a brave boy. He did his best when he faced great danger. I should learn from him. I will think of others first and help then as much as possible. I will never give up when I face any difficulties3. 必备(背)词句 去野餐_ 聚会_ 去野营_ 去钓鱼_ 骑马_ 放风筝_ 散步_ 购物_ 急忙去_ 照相_ 出发_ 看病_ 看比赛_ 做家庭作业_ 帮助某人做 _ 很明显_ thanks to_ as a result_ luckily_ because /because of _ at last/in the end _ It is clear that_ .家庭作业 无论是在校内还是校外,你一定有不少美好的经历。请你把其中有意义的一天描述出来。谈谈那天的天气怎样?发生了什么事?你有什么心情、感受或体会?注意事项:1. 请从两个题目中任选一个; 2请选用表格中的词汇; 3词数不少于60; 4文中不得出现真实的校名和姓名。A good day out of school cloudy, sunny,like, learn, play do, help, with visit, be interested in, like go to, play, do, help with, work for_ 第八讲:说明文 说明文是用来说明事物,阐明事理的一种文体。说明文具有科学性和客观性两大特点。说明 文的主要时态为现在时,涉及其它时态时要根据内容、情景作出准确选择。 . 写作指导 1. 抓住事物的特征。说明文要有明确的目的性,文章内容应紧紧围绕事物、现象的规律性特 征而展开,这样才能将事物的形状、性质、成因、功能和意义等交代清楚。 2. 合理安排说明顺序。对不同的对象采用不同的说明顺序安排: l 时间顺序:讲述事物的发展过程。按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。 l 空间顺序:说明事物外形或特征。空间顺序包括:远近、内外、高低、上下、前后、左右、整体、局部等。 l 逻辑顺序:说明一个事理。多按事理内在的逻辑关系来安排内容:从现象到本质、 从原因到结果、从主要到次要、从概括到具体、从特点到用途等。 3. 选择恰当的说明方法。根据说明对象特性,合理选择说明方法。说明文常见方法有: l 罗列法:适用于各类指导性的说明文。在文章开始时提出需要说明的东西和观点, 之后常用first, second,and finally加以罗列说明。 l 定义法:对具体事物概念进行说明。其基本要素是定义句,常见模式是: 被定义对象+is+所属类别+限制性定语。 l 举例法:通过具体例子表达主题。常用for example, for instance, another example is等关联词(组)。 l 比较法:对两个对象进行比较时使用。可以比较相同点,也可以比较不同点。比 较相同时,常用similarly, also, too, in the same case;比较不同时,常 用however, but, on the other hand, in contrast 4. 使用准确周密的语言。对说明文的语言要求是: l 准确,以保证其科学性; l 简明扼要,避免夸张的辞藻; l 客观表述,避免主观色彩。采用被动语态是客观表述事物的常用手法。练习题: 1. 请用罗列法说明Early rising(早期)的好处 Early rising is helpful in more than one ways. First_ _ Secondly_ _ Finally,_ _ 2. 给student/teacher下个定义 A student (teacher) is _ _. 满分作文 根据以下有关Alan Brown个人情况的介绍,以Alan Brown为题,写一篇介绍他的短文。 要求:(1)运用第三人称; (2)所给信息必须全部使用; (3)语句通顺连贯; (4)可以适当扩展;(5)不少于60词。 Name: Alan Brown Age: 16 Address: 69 Park Road, Sydney Nationality(国籍): Australian Occupation(职业): student Favorite subjects: art, music Weekday activities: swimming and walking Usual Saturday activity: having parties Usual Sunday activity: watching TV Alan Brown Alan Brown is a 16-year-old boy. He is an Australian high school student. He lives at 69 Park Road, Sydney. Art and music are his favorite subjects. He loves studying and sports. He usually goes swimming three or four times every week. And he often walks after supper every day. Cool water and clean air always makes him happy. Australian students are different from our Chinese students. On Saturdays, he usually has parties with his friends and they always enjoy themselves. On Sunday, he usually stays at home and watches TV. . 必备(背)词句 常用关联词总结(一):表先后顺序的关联词(组) 1. first of all / at first / firstly 首先 例句:_. 首先,请认真阅读指令。 2. secondly / then / next 其次、然后、之后 例句:Secondly, he looked down on other people._。 3. in the end / finally / eventually / at last终于、最终、最后 例句:_. 他们终于让步了。 4. last but not least 最后但并非最不重要的 5. 例句:Last but not least, we must thank our host for his hospitality. 最后但并非最不重要的一点是,我们得感谢主人的热情好客。 说明文常用表达句式 1. 地点介绍 l in the (north) of 在 的北部 例句:_. 北京位于中国的北部。 l There be 有. 例句:_. 教室前有块大黑板。 l lie / be located /be situated (in/on/at a place) 位于 例句:_. 广东位于中国南部。 The city is located on the eastern coast of the United States. _. 2. 事物说明 l sth is meters long, meters wide. 什么东西长, 宽 _. 例句:这座桥20米长,10米宽。 l be made of 由做成 例句:_. 这是由金属和塑料制成的。 3. 表述方式、方法的说明文 l be easy to do sth. 做很容易 例句:_: First, Next, Then, Finally 如果你按下列步骤做橙汁,那会很容易:首先, 接下来, 然后, 最后。 l There is more than one way to do sth 做 的方法不止一个 例句:_:使我们保持健康有很多方法。 l Please do as the follows:_ l times a day (week, month) 每天(周、月)多少次 例句:_. 每天服药三次。 4. 事理说明 l to play an important role in sth. 在方面起着重要的作用 例句:_. 学校在社会中起着重要的作用。 l The reason is that (it can do sth.) 理由是 例句:_. 理由是它能帮我们学习更多知识。 . 实战演练: 按要求填写所缺信息 根据下面的提示写一篇介绍长城的短文。 (1) 长城又叫万里长城,长约6000公里,宽4-5米,高6-7米; (2) 很多人都会问在没有任何现代机械的情况下,人们是怎样建筑长城的; (3) 今天长城已成为名胜古迹,许多人来长城游览; (4) 词数:80词左右。 The Great Wall The Great Wall of China is known to people all over the world. It is also called “The_ Great Wall” in Chinese. It is about _. It took millions of men hundreds of years to build it. How did the Chinese people build it_? Today the Great Wall has become _. People from all over the world come to visit it. . 家庭作业 Mike是你班的一位来自澳大利亚的同学,她患了感冒,去药店买来一盒药,向你咨询服药方法。请你根据药品说明,向Mike解释,并告诉他如何预防感冒。给出的首句不计入总词数。 要 求:词数不少于80个;语句通顺连贯;适当扩展。 服用说明: 适应症适用于感冒引起的咳嗽、头疼等症状。 用法与用量饭前口服,1次1-2片,一天3次,疗程3-5天。 不良反应偶有瞌睡感。 禁忌服药期间忌鱼、酒、辛辣食品。 This medicine is used for curing cough, headache and something like that caused by cold. _ _ _ _ _
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