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字母在单词中的发音终结1、 元音字母的发音规则 1)在重读开音节中元音字母读它的字母音。 a make late same gate space pace pale tale cave take fade save lake late e he fee be complete eve she we even fever recently Chinese these theme Japanese i ( y ) bike five time type my hide size side slide price prize line pine wipe o so note go those rose foe joke node toe smoke choke chose stroke spoke u use due mule tube cute hue puke mute cube duke muse huge excuse 但有以下几种例外: o 后面是 m, n, v, th 时,如 some, come, one, son, love, mother u 在辅音字母l, r, j后面时,如 rude, rule, blue, June, true, truth 下列单词读音也例外, 如 have, give, live, do, who, shoe, whose 2)在重读闭音节中元音字母读短元音。 a bad sat can map sand dad e yet pet bed pen leg i ( y ) sit it bit hit wish o hot shop dot dog god common communist opposite oxygen u cut but sun bus must hut bub subject suffer judge supper jump 但也有如下几种情况例外: a 前面是辅音 w 时, wash, what, wall, watch 后面是ss, st, sk, th, f, n 时, class, last, ask, pass, glass, master, dance, plant, bath i词尾是 nd, -ld 时 find, kind, hind, child, mild, blind o词尾是 st, - ld 时 most, post, bold, coldo+m,n,v,th时, o常读作/Recover,honey u下列单词读音例外 full, put, pull, bull, push二、元音字母组合的发音规则 1)a、e、i、o、u和r的组合发音ar car star sharp carpet partner party harvest 例外情况 war warm ward visitor tutoror port order forty form short sport morning horse formal north perform 例外情况 word world work workerer, ir, ur her serve term bird shirt purse purple purpose hurt sir 例外情况 very clerk 另外,在双音节或多音节词中,r双拼时,左边的重读音节按闭音节读短元音。 例如: marry sorry hurry mirror current2)oo在单词中的发音规则d, k之前读短u,food一词是特殊;T字母前读长u:,foot需要特殊记;复合词中要读短,其余多数读长u:;l, s, d间读作,例外还要特殊记。(1) 重读音节词尾发u: too zoo bamboo cuckoo kangaroo shampoo(2) 在辅音字母f,l,m,n,s,t,p,z前的重读音节发u:roof proof school fool cool pool tool stool (wool 例外)room broom groom bloom gloom Soon moon noon spoonGoose loose choose boot root tooth shoot smooth soothe (foot football u例外) troop loop (3) 在字母d和k前发uGood goods wood stood goodness (foodfu:d mood mu:d特例)book look cook hook took shook brook outlook cookie(4)在复合词(双音节或多音节词)的非重读音节中发ubedroom bathroom classroom workroom childhood boyhood neigbourhood readingroom mushroom understood(5) 在复合词(双音节或多音节词)的重读音节中发u:afternoon cartoon balloon cocoon moonlight noodle typhoon saloon schoolboy 注意1:在字母l和d之间发 : blood flood 注意2:oor字母组合发 : : door floor (poor u 例外)注:两个元音组合在一起一般发第一个字母的音3) ai和ay(1) ai一般放在词首或者词中,发字母a的音 Grain wait gain sprain explain aid aim 例外情况: mountain portrait Ay一般放在词尾,发字母a的音 Play day may crayon decay stray 例外情况:holiday Sunday4) ea、ee、ie、ey一般情况发长音i:例外情况: e 发短元音 head dead spread bread heaven ei great break steak i real theatre5) oa oe ow ou的发音规则oa一般放在词首或者词中,发元音字母O音 goat cloak throat oak oat boat ow一般放在词尾,发元音字母O音 row bow swallow pillow swallow 放在词中时,发元音ourau音 Flower towel powder vowel 例外情况:cow how bow sow6)其他组合au a: aunt : cause fault autumn launch because sausage al a: half calm palm : wall call fall talkear a: heart hearty : earth early learn heard clear hear tear e bear pear wear aw : law saw awful oar : board oor : door floor poor ore : more our : four : journal colour favour labour tour ough : bought hought fought brought f cough ou u: group route soup touch couple double au house loud mouth soul oe u: shoe hoe toeue u: true blueew u: crew ju: new few dewui u: fruit juiceoul u could would shouldre centre metre ri rewriteure figure natureye ai dyeig ai designigh ai high light sight right fighteer i beer deer engineerere i here mere e there whereier fierce pierceair e air chair pairare e care dare mare square oy boy employ toy enjoyoi oil soil point voiceeu ju: neutral feudal ure sure j pure cure三、辅音字母的发音规则1)ed在单词中的发音终结 1、在清辅音后,读清辅音 / t / 。 worked / kt / helped / pt / passed / st / washed / t / watched / t /2、在浊辅音和元音后,读浊辅音 / d / 。 played / d / carried / id / answered / d / lived / vd / used / zd / called / ld /3、 在 / t, d / 音后面, 读 / id / 。 wanted / tid / needed / did /补充说明:规则动词的过去式由“动词原形+-ed”构成,具体变化有:(1) 直接在词尾加-ed。如: wantwanted, workworked, (2) 以不发音的e结尾的在词尾加-d。如:likeliked, livelived, useused, movemoved(3) 以一个元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,先双写结尾的辅音字母,再加-ed。如:stopstopped, triptripped(4) 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词,先把y变成i,再加-ed。如:studystudied, carrycarried, hurryhurried, arrymarried不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法:(1) 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:putput, letlet, cutcut, beatbeat(2) 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:buildbuilt, lendlent, sendsent, spendspent(3) 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:meanmeant, burnburnt, learnlearnt(4) 以ow / aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blowblew, drawdrew, knowknew, growgrew(5) 含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keepkept, sleepslept, feelfelt, smellsmelt(6) 含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:singsang, givegave, sitsat, drinkdrank2) y在单词中的发音终结 (y) ai my try fly cry i candy funny happy lucky (ly) li ugly badly jolly quckly(y) j yes yell yo-yo yellow yoghourt 3) 一个字母读两种音和多种音 c 在元音字母 i, e, y 前, cite, city, nice, decide, bicycle在元音字母 a, o, u 前或后面是辅音字母时cap, cold, cut, call, cook, clean, cream 特殊情况 social g 在元音字母 e, i ( y )前 age, large, giant, gene, technology 在其他情况下 gate, game, egg, pig, ago, leg s 在词首时,双写时,以及清辅音前后snow, snake, space, soul, class, less 其他情况is, has, those, nose, reason, physics 特殊情况sure, measure, pleasure x 在词尾或清辅音前fox, box, text, except, mix 在两个元音之间时exist, exam, exact, example4、 两个字母读两种音或者多种音 (一) th在单词中的发音规则 th位于词首时,可以从词性上判别其应有的读音。 (1)、在名词、动词、形容词和数词中、th发清辅音。如:thing, theatre, thunder, thermos, Thursday, theory, theme, throat, thread, think, thank, thrive, thicken, thirteen, thirty, third, thousand, thick, thirsty, thoughtful, thorough (2) 、th位于词尾(或音节之尾)时,其读音多数是清辅音,如:bath, breath, tooth, 等。只有在少数单词中,如:with, smooth 中读浊辅音(3) Th在词中除了后面接er时,或者最后一个字母是不发音的e时除外情况通常发清辅音。例如:例如:author, faithful, method, nothing, anything, health , healthy, wealthy。(4) 、 th在词中并且后面接er时,或者最后一个字母是不发音的e时,通常也发浊辅音。例如:feather, weather, whether, leather, further, father, bathe,breathe,southern,northern,either , mother, another, brother等。(5) 、在代词和一些功能词中th发浊辅音.如: them, their, theirs, there, the, than, then, though, thus, therefore, they 只有介词through是个例外。(二)gh在单词中的发音规则 (1)、gh在词首时,读作/g/ 例:ghost(2)、词首为字母l+字母组合augh时或者词尾是字母组合ough时,gh读作/f/例:laugh laughter cough rough enough tough(3)、gh在字母组合igh、eigh、aigh、augh(字首不是以l开头的)、aught中不发音例:bright/brait/,fight/fait/,frighten/fraitn/,high/hai/,light/lait/,might/mait/,night/nait/,right/rait/,sight/sait/,slight/slait/例:eight/eit/,eighth/eit/,neighbor/neib/,straight/streit/,weigh/wei/,weight/weit/例:bought/b:t/,brought/br:t/,fought/f:t/,thought例:caught/k:t/,daughter/d:t/,naught/n:t/,naughty/n:ti/,taught/t:t/例:although/:lu/,plough/plau/,through/ru:/,though/u/,thorough/r/注意:若gh不是字母组合,而是分属于前后两个不同的音节时,不适合以上规则。例:dininghall/dainih:l/(3) 其他辅音字母的发音 ff f affair offer ph f photo phone physics telegraph nephew v nephew the the bathe breathe soothe sc s scene scent science ce s dance chance ss z dissolve possess assure zz z buzz puzzle sh ship shy show shine ch machine Chicago k school echo chemistry stomach much hatch switch watch cc k account ck k back clock pick pocket qu k liquor kw quick quite quote quest gg g bigger gu g guide guard guess gue g league plague dialogue tch match hatch switch watch dge judge edge dr dr drip drop dry dream drive tr tr tree trap train trip try ng long sang spring young finger angry sion version impression discussion vision decision tion nation pollution motion collection t n digestion question ture t capture picture lecture future nature sure sure pleasure measure treasure stle sl castle whistle sten sn listen fastenPhonics 自然发音法Phonics规则一:短元音规则 如果一个单音节或一个封闭音节中,只有一个元音在前缀或在两个子音中间,这个元音通常是短音。Ad end it odd us bad bed tip box bus规则二:长元音规则1.单音节或多音节单字中,有两个元音,第一个元音通常发长音,第二个元音不发音。Gain Sea Like Goat Cute2.如果一个单字或音节里只有一个元音,且在开放音节中,为单字或音节末端,通常发长元音Be fly go me hi so规则三:长短元音变化规则自然发音法规则四规则四:中性元音当元音在非重音节,通常会软化成懒人音, 或 。如attain, again, circus, scientist, pajamas, office自然发音法规则五规则五:连接r 的元音1.ar在重音节通常读a: ,如bark, 在轻音节读成 ,如sugar2.or 在重音节读:,如fork,在轻音节读成,如factor3.er, ir, ur 通常在重音节读 :,如verb,shirt,burn,在轻音节读成 ,如teacher, doctor自然发音法规则六单一辅音字母+e,其前面元音发长音如:Ta p e mete dime coke cube take dene side poke自然发音法规则七C在字母e, i, y 前,读作s,而不是读作k如:c i t y, dice, bicycle, cite, ice, cell自然发音法规则八g在字母e, i, y 前,读作 ,而不是读作 如:gym, giant, giraffe自然发音法规则九N在字母K,G,C前时发 如:uncle sing think 自然发音法规则十ti, si, ci组合,不在第一音节时,发 如:action, pencil ,ancient, official, Asian, mission自然发音法规则十一Sksg, spsb, stsd,在s后的无声辅音,变有声辅音。如:skate, student, sport, station, still,skip自然发音法发音规则十二 1.y 成元音的规则1如果一个单字中没有其它元音,且y位于末端,则y发ai ,如by, cry, t ry, f ry2. y 成元音的规则2两个音节以上的单字,y是字尾唯一的元音,则y 通常发短i,如fa mi Ily, sunny, forty,自然发音法发音规则十三 X出现在前缀时,通常发z如Xerox ,Xylophone自然发音法发音规则十四 tr, dr的读法辅音tt,dd和rr在一起的时候,t,d不能照正常读法。tr结合起来发音如汉语的chuo,如:treat, trap, truck, truth, trousers,dr结合起来发如汉语的zhuo。如:dragon, draw, dream, drink, driver自然发音法发音规则十五ts, ds的读法tsts发音如汉语中的:ci;如:blankets, boats, gifts, hats, pots, itsds dz发音如汉语中的:zi;如hands,stands, woods, goods自然发音法发音规则十六 s+y, z+y, t+y, d+y的连读法一般英美人说话时,常有把前一个单字的最后一个子音与第二个单字开首的音,融合在一起的情形。s+j 如:kiss youz+j choose you, lose yout+j hit you, wait youd+j behind you, lead you自然发音法发音规则十七字母组合ph在单词中常发f音,如:photo phone elephant不发音的字母:1.b在m后不发音: climb comb thumb 2. gh在单词中常不发音: daughter light (laugh例外)3.kn 在一起时,k不发音: know knee knock4.w在r前不发音: write wrong wreath answer wrestle5. l 有些时候不发音: walk chalk talk half 名词单数变复数发音规则1、一般在词尾加s一般来说,s在元音或浊辅音后读z,在清辅音后面读成s,在t后与t在一起读成ts,在d后与d一起读成dz。cupsdayshandshats2、以s,sh,ch,x结尾的词在词尾加es,读izclassesbusesboxeswatches3、以“元音字母y”结尾的词,加s,读作z以辅音字母y结尾的词,变y为i,再加es,读izboy-boyskey-keysarmy-armiesstory-storiesfactory-factoriesbaby-babies4、以o结尾的词,多数加s,读zkilo-kilosphoto-photostobacco-tobaccospiano-pianos5、 以元音字母o结尾的词一律加s,读zzoo-zoosradio-radios少数以o结尾的词,在词尾加es,读ztomato-tomatoeshero-heroespotato-potatoe6、以f或fe结尾的词,多数把f或fe变为v,再加es,读vzleaf-leaves thief-thieveswife-wives knife-knivesshelf-shelves动词过去式-ed的发音规则:1. -ed在清辅音后读thelped,washed,watched,marked,finished,2. -ed在浊辅音后及元音后读dcleaned,played,prepared3. -ed在td后读idpainted,started,visited动词原形变第三人称单数的规则1、 大多数动词在词尾加“s”在清辅音后发音为s,在浊辅音及元音后发音为z。stopstopssmakemakessreadreadszplayplaysz2、 以辅音字母加“y”结尾的,要先将“y”变为“i”,然后再加“es”读zflyfliesz;carrycarriesz3、 以“s,x,ch,sh”结尾的,在词尾加“es”,发音为izteachteachesiz;watchwatchesiz4、以“o”结尾的动词,加“es”,读zgogoeszdodoesz
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