初中近义词辨析.doc

The branches of the tree swayed in the wind. 树枝迎风摇晃。 His resolution swayed after the first failure. 在第一次失败之后他的决心就动摇了。 The pendulum stopped swinging. 钟摆停止了摆动。 The lantern hanging overhead swung in the wind. 吊在高处的灯在风中摇动。 Mother is rocking her baby into sleep. 母亲在摇她的婴儿入睡。 The earthquake rocks houses. 地震使房屋震动。Vest, WaistcoatVest (n.)-“背心”,“马甲”。美国用语。Waistcoat (n.)-“背心”,“马甲”。英国用语。也用于英国的商业。例:He takes off his coat to reveal a bright red vest.他脱下上衣，露出一件鲜红的马甲。Jimmy is wearing a vest under a coat.吉米在上装里面穿着一件背心。The sleeves of a pale blue waistcoat came only to her elbows.一件淡蓝色马甲的袖子只垂到了她的臂弯处。He left off his waistcoat as soon as he came into the room.他一进屋就脱掉了他的马甲。Vessel, ContainerVessel (n.)-“容器”。指盛装液体的用具。Container (n.)-“容器”。指盛装固体或液体的日常用具。例:A heat exchanger, in a narrow sense, is a vessel. 从狭义来说，换热器是一种容器。 He began putting the sacred vessels away. 他开始把供热器收拾起来。 I couldnt find my soap container. 我找不到我的肥皂盒了。Another thousand metres along the coast stood the fat silver containers at Whitegate. 顺海岸再过去1000米，在怀特盖特，矗立着一些巨大的银色储油罐。Vertical, UprightVertical (adj.)-“直立的”。指与水平面垂直或大致垂直。Upright (adj.)-“直立的”。指与一平面大致垂直，强调非倾斜性。可用于比喻。例:Please notice, it is a vertical line. 请注意，这是一条垂直线。 The cliff rose in a vertical wall from the sea. 悬崖峭壁矗立于海面之上。 Several columns among the ruins still stood defiantly upright. 废墟中几根柱子依然顽强竖立着。 He is an upright citizen. 他是一位品格端正的公民。Version, TranslationVersion (n.)-“翻译”,“译文”,“译本”。指同一作品的不同译本。Translation (n.)-“翻译”,“译文”,“译本”。普通用语。指把作品从一种语言译成另一种语言。例:There are many versions of the Bible. 圣经有许多不同的译本。I have never read the King James version of the Bible. 我从未读过詹姆士国王钦定的圣经英译本。 I have read a Japanese translation of Hamlet. 我读过哈姆雷特的日文翻译本。 All quotations from Latin texts are given in translation. 所有引自拉丁语本的引文都经过翻译。Vanquish, Conquer, OvercomeVanquish (v.)-“克服”。指快速完全彻底地打败对手，有“胜利已成定局”的意思。只可用于人。Conquer(v.)-“克服”,“征服”。常有控制或占有的含义，但并没有彻底而完全征服的意思。Overcome (v.)-“克服”。普通用语。指克服任何必须克服的东西。例:He vanquished his opponent.他一举打垮了他的对手。The kings army vanquished the rebels.国王的部队一举击败了叛乱者。 The Norman conquered England in 1066.诺曼人在1066年征服英国。Man can conquer nature.人能征服自然。You must overcome your bad habits.你必须克服你的坏习惯。The fire was completely overcome by daybreak.黎明时大火已被完全扑灭。Valuable, PreciousValuable (adj.)-“值钱的”,“有价值的”。指价值巨大, 出售就可得高价;也可表示意义或作用的重大。Precious (adj.)-“贵重的”,“宝贵的”。指因稀罕或来之不易,或具有极大价值而非常值钱，有时也指一个人对某件物品特别喜爱。例:Mrs. Forester has a valuable diamond. 弗雷斯蒂夫人有一颗贵重钻石。 It is a valuable discovery. 这是一个有价值的发现。 That old toy bear is precious to John. 那只旧的玩具熊对约翰来说特别珍贵。 She owned many precious jewels. 她拥有许多贵重珠宝。Kindle, Fire, Ignite, LightKindle (v.)-“点燃”。强调着火的迟缓和困难。Fire (v.)-“点燃”。通常指火的突然爆发。Ignite (v.)-“点燃”。限于用在指通过某种方法使物体升温而迅速或猛烈燃烧。Light (v.)-“点燃”。强调点燃后的结果，如光亮热力或烟火等。例:This wood is too wet to kindle. 这些柴太湿了, 很难点着。 The sparks kindled the dry wood. 星火燃着了干木。 It took several bundles of twigs to fire the logs. 点燃这些大块圆木需要好几捆枝材。 He fired a baystack. 他点燃了一个草堆。 An electric spark ignites the petrol in a car engine. 电火花点燃了汽车引擎。 Petrol ignites very easily. 汽油极易点燃。She lighted the lamps. 她点着了那些灯。 Its time to light up. 该开灯了。Kind, Sort, Species, Type, CategoryKind (n.)-“种类”。指同种类的东西。Sort (n.)-“种类”。指大体相似的东西, 有时用于贬义判断。Species (n.)-“种类”。指相同种类的生物。Type (n.)-“种类”。指不太明确类别的划分，有主观判断之意。Category (n.)-“种类”。正式用语。指对材料或图书等进行分析而划分的种类。例:This is the best kind of pen. 这是最好的一种钢笔。 I can feel at home in this kind of room. 在这样的房间里我感到象在家里一样。 What sort of food do you like best? 你最喜欢吃什么食物? I will make no attempt of the sort. 我不愿做这种事。This is an extinct species of fish. 这是一种已经灭绝的鱼。 Blackmail is a species of crime which we all hate. 恫吓勒索是我们大家憎恨的一种罪行。 The horticulturist developed a new type of rose. 园艺师培育了玫瑰的一个新品种。 Her beauty is of the Italian type. 她的美是意大利型的。 Put it there, it belongs to that category. 把它放在那儿，它属于那一类。 Place these books in categories, please. 请把这些书分门别类地进行整理。Kill, Assassinate, Execute, Dispatch, Murder, Slay, SlaughterKill (v.)-“杀”，“杀死”。普通用语。指任何一种致死行为。Assassinate (v.)-“暗杀”。指出于政治目的进行的暗杀行为。Execute (v.)-“处决”。指依据法律，判处死刑。Dispatch (v.)-“杀死”。指采用直接方法，如刺，射击等手段杀死，强调迅速。Murder (v.)-“谋杀”，“凶杀”。指非法地有目的的杀害他人。Slay (v.)-“杀死”，“杀害”。指残酷地打死或用武器杀死。现多用过去分词slain。Slaughter (v.)-“屠杀”。尤指为肉食而屠杀；还指错杀或残酷地杀死很多人。例:Two people were killed in a car accident. 在一次车祸中有两人丧生。 The frost killed the flowers. 霜把花冻死了。 President Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas in 1963. 肯尼迪总统于1963年在达拉斯被暗杀。 Martin Luther King was assassinated by a white people. 马丁路德金是被一个白人暗杀的。 Nathan Hale was executed as a spy by the British in 1776. 1776年，内森黑尔被英国人当作间谍处决了。 Mussolini was caught by Italian guerrillas on April 27, 1945, while trying to escape to Switzerland and executed after a brief trial.1945年4月27日，墨索里尼试图逃往瑞士时，被意大利游击队抓获，经简短审讯之后，即被处决。The injured horse was dispatched by its owner. 受伤的马被他的主人杀死了。 The executioner quickly dispatched the condemned man. 行刑者迅速将该犯处决了。 According to the historians he murdered his rival in cold blood. 根据历史学家考证，他蓄意杀死了他的竞争对手。 It is said that one person was murdered on the beach. 据说一个人在海滩上被谋杀了。 The slain man has not yet been identified. 被杀的人至今还未被查出身份。 He was slain in battle. 他战死在沙场。 Many cattle and sheep are slaughtered here. 这儿屠宰了许多牛羊。 Tens of thousands were slaughtered on the battlefields ofMacedonia. 成千上万的人在马其顿战场上被杀死了。Keen, Acute, Penetrating, Sharp, ShrewdKeen (adj.)-“锐利的”。普通用语。一般指刀或尖的锋利。用于比喻时，指看穿一切事物，含有慧眼耳聪和机敏之意。