高考中名词性从句考点.doc

2014年高考英语二轮复习易错题强化练习：名词性从句考前解读：名词性从句是英语中比较复杂的结构，既涉及词汇的用法，也涉及句法结构，是整个高中阶段英语学习的重点和难点之一，要注意以下区别：一、引导词 what 与 that 的区别引导主、宾、表语从句时，what 要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分，that 不作任何成分，而只在语法上起连接作用。例如_ we cant get seems better than _ we have.A. What； what B. What； that C. That； that D. That； what解析：本句包含一个主语从句和一个宾语从句，且两个从句都缺乏宾语，可见两个引导词都必须充当从句的宾语，所以答案为 A 项。在下面的例句中，that 不充当任何成分，只起语法连接作用（因为句子本身不缺成分）：That the former Iraq president Saddam was captured has been proved.二、引导词 whether 和 if 的区别通常，引导主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句时，连词要用 whether，而不用 if ；习惯上也只能说 whether or not，而不说 if or not .例如：_ the meeting will be held in Beijing is not known yet.A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That解析：题中的从句位于句首，不难知道这是一个主语从句，根据句意，答案为 C 项。但如果宾语或主语从句为否定句时，只能用 that，不能用 whether 引导。如：That you dont like him is none of my business.三、名词性从句的语序与别的从句一样，名词性从句必须用自然语序，即使在疑问句中，从句也不倒装（而在主句上倒装）。例如：No one can be sure _ in a million years.A. what man will look like B. what will man look likeC. man will look like what D. what look will man like解析：由于从句不能倒装，所以答案只能选 A 项。同时还须注意，从句的引导词必须始终置于句首。四、who / whoever，what / whatever 等的区别一般说来，what / who 等含特指意义，而 whatever，whoever 等含泛指意义。例如：It is generally considered unwise to give a child _ he or she wants.A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever解析：答案为 B 项。 Whatever 引导一个宾语从句，并且作 wants 的宾语。这里的 whatever 不能改成 what，因为题意想表达的显然是“无论孩子要什么，就给他 / 她什么是不明智的”，具有泛指的概念。同时要注意，这里 whatever 也不能改用 no matter what，因为后者只能引导状语从句。五、where，when，why 等连接副词引导的名词性从句where，when，why 等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句，使用的关键是：这个词必须符合句子的逻辑要求。例如： I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week. Is that _ you had a few days off？A. why B. when C. that D. where解析：答案为 A 项，why 引导的从句作表语，同时 why 在从句中作原因状语。又如： Do you remember _ he came？ Yes. I do，he came by car.A. how B. when C. that D. if解析：答案为 A 项。从答语 he came by car 可知，这里问的是 he 来的方式，所以用 how 引导。六、名词性从句中有插入成分时此时应注意两点：一是从句仍然不倒装，而在插入成分上倒装；二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。例如：_ you have seen both fighters，_ will win？A.Since； do you think who B. As； who you thinkC. When； whoeverD. Since； who do you think解析：答案为 D 项。其中 do you think 是插入成分，其余部分是宾语从句，作 think 的宾语。由于引导词在从句中作主语，所以要用主格 who .七、同位语从句引导词 where，when 的用法特点说明先行词内容的同位语从句的引导词 where，when 与被说明的名词在概念上不一致。但引导定语从句的引导词却必须保持一致。试比较： Then arose the question _ we were to get so much money. This is the house _ the great man Mao Zedong was born 110 years ago.A. where B. that C. about which D. in which解析：的答案为 A 项；的答案为 A 项或 D 项。先行词与 where，when 概念一致时，是定语从句，此时，关系副词 where 或 when 可以用“介词 +which ”形式代替。中的 question 与 where 不表同一概念，可见是同位语从句，where 不能改用“介词 +which ”的形式。中的 house 与 where 同表地点，所以选 A 项或 D 项都可以。易错雷区1 、Mary wrote an article on _ the team had failed to win the game. A. why B. what C. who D. that2 、A computer can only do _ you have instructed it to do.A. how B. after C. what D. when3. _ made the school proud was more than 90% of the students had been admitted to key universities.A. What, because B. What, that C. That, what D. That, because4. His ability has never been in doubtthe question is he is prepared to work hard.A. whether B. if C. that D. where5. As soon as he comes back, I will tell him when and see him.A. you will come B. will you come C. you come D. do you come6.The old ladys hand shook frequently, She explained to her doctor _ this shaking had begun half a year before, and , only because of this, she had been forced to give up her job.A. when; how B. how; when C. how; how D. why; why7. The leaders of the battle ordered all of us the work on time.A. if; finished B. that; finish C. whether; finished D. what; finished 8. Most of the university students are confident _ they can get a good job with higher pay. A. whether B. that C. where D. when 9. has been announced that we shall have our final exam next month.A. As B. It C. What D. That10. It is a shame _ we lost that expensive car. A. that B. when C. as D. if11. _ seems to be a fact he didnt go to attend the meeting.A. That; that B. What; that C. It; which D. It; that12._ I have done is only for you.A. What B. Why C. Whatever D. Where13.Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? oh, thats _ A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever feels me aboutC. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited14.There is a feeling in me we will never know what a UFO is like.A. that B. which C. of which D. what15. The question he asked was _ the electrical equipment should be stored.A. what B. which C. where D. because16. The question is we should ask them for help. A. that B. whether C. if D. why17He cant answer the question he got the money.A. what B. that C. how D. where18. We find _ necessary _ we practise English every day.A. it;/ B. it; that C. its;/ D. its; that解析：1.【错误解答】B或D【错解分析】许多考生都误以为what在本题中充当failed的宾语，或认为空格后不缺成分，故选B或D，实际上就本题而言，不难看出句意为“玛丽写了一篇关于队伍为何在比赛中失败的文章”，所以应该选用强调原因的why。【正确解答】 A2.【错误解答】B【错解分析】很多考生都认识应选after,事实上从句子结构可知，空缺处应填引导宾语从句的引导词，作do的宾语，同时该词还是从句中do的宾语，因此，应该选What.【正确解答】 C3.【错误解答】A 【错解分析】许多考生由于受汉语思维方式影响，选A. because用来强调原因，构成因果关系，本题主要是考查主语从句和表语从句，what用在句首引导主语从句，充当句子成分，而that不充当句子成分，只起连接作用。【正确解答】 B4.【错误解答】B【错解分析】很多同学对whether和if的用法一知半解，尽管二者都有“是否”的意思，但在主语、表语或同位语从句中只能用whether,不能用if.【正确解答】 A5.【错误解答】B【错解分析】本题是when引导的一个宾语从句，在名词性从句中，其从句部分一律用陈述语序，故应该用you will come。【正确解答】 A6.【错误解答】B【错解分析】本题考查的是动词explain后引导的宾语从句的引导词选用。第一空用how较易，但第二空很多考生填when,其实在前一分句中已有时间状语，故此处用when明显不对，仍然用how引导，即“她是如何被迫放弃工作的。”【正确解答】 C7.【错误解答】A或C【错解分析】许多考生认为A/C答案均讲得通，即“任务是否要按时完成”，但本题由于受ordered这个词的限制，应该选B，其中finish为should finish的省略形式。【正确解答】 B8.【错误解答】A或C【错解分析】部分考生由于不知confident的含义，因而给做本题造成麻烦，confident为“有信心的，信心十足的”，作表语时其后跟that引导的宾语从句。【正确解答】 B9.【错误解答】 A或C【错解分析】 考生误以为是定语从句，把that后的内容部分当作一句话用作先行词。如果改成: has been announced，we shall have our. ，用As尚可。本句应该用It充当形式主语，真正的主语是that之后的内容。【正确解答】 B10. 【错误解答】 B或D【错解分析】 很多考生不知道It在本句中作形式主语。本句实际上是It iswas a+名词+that结构。【正确解答】 A11.【错误解答】A或B【错解分析】考生易误以为用that放在句首，来引导主语从句，事实上本题是It seems/happens/appears that.句型，it在句中充当形式主语。【正确解答】 D12.【错误解答】A【错解分析】许多考生认为此题用what引导主语从句，事实上从句意角度分析会发现应该用whatever意为：我做的任何事都是为了你。【正确解答】 C13.【错误解答】C或D【错解分析】B项本身表达有误，考生选C或D则没有完全弄清本题的含义，答语中表达的意思并不是“如何”感觉，也不是“何时”感觉到兴奋，而是说：那就是使我倍感兴奋的原因/之处）【正确解答】 A14.【错误解答】B【错解分析】考生认为用which来引导一个定语从句，事实上本题是一个同位语从句，中心词是feeling，若理解成定语从句，删去定语部分以后该句句意不通。【正确解答】 A15.【错误解答】D 【错解分析】考生忽略了题目所给予的信息，本题空缺处之后部分成分齐全，根据句意，可以用来表地点的where来引导表语从句，句意为“他问电力设备应安置在哪儿。”【正确解答】C 16.【错误解答】C【错解分析】从句意角度不能难看出应该填表示“是否，能否”这个含义的词，值得注意的是C不能引导表语从句，故选B。【正确解答】 B17. 【错误解答】B【错解分析】许多考生知道这是一个同位语从句，在定性思维中认识同位语从句用that引导，事实上，同位语从句也可用when, where, why等来引导，不一定只用that.【正确解答】 C18. 【错误解答】A或D 【错解分析】许多考生认为necessary是一个形容词，故前面该用be动词，事实上当主语的谓语动词为make, find, see等时，用it替换从句，此时it用作形式宾语。【正确解答】B