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NotesforUnit2,BookThreeI.KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions(TextA)1holdon(L.5)1)surviveinadifficultordangeroussituation;hangon历经危难而不死；坚持住他们设法坚持住直到有救援到来。Theymanagedtoholdonuntilhelparrived.我觉得自己坚持不了多长时间了。IdontthinkIcanholdonmuchlonger.2)(infml)(usu.inimperative)waitandstop(通常用于祈使语句)等一下；停住停一停，让我喘口气。HoldonaminutewhileIgetmybreathback.2.defy(L.10)v1)disobeyorrefusetorespect(sb.,anauthority,etc.)违抗，反抗，藐视，蔑视（某人权威等）他们违抗父母的意愿而结婚了。Theydefiedtheirparentsandgotmarried.任何蔑视法律的人都会受到惩罚。Anyonewhodefiesthelawwillbepublished.2)besodifficultastomake(sth.)impossible因为太困难而使不可能这门用什么方法也打不开。Thedoordefiedallattemptstoopenit.此问题无法解决。Theproblemdefiedsolution.3.given(L.13)1)prep.taking(sth.)intoaccount考虑到（某事物）鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大。Giventhegovernmentsrecordonunemployment,theirchancesofwinningtheelectionlookpoor.考虑到她喜欢孩子，我可以肯定教书是最适合她的职业。Giventhatsheisinterestedinchildren/Givenherinterestinchildren,Iamsureteachingistherightcareerforher.2)adj.(esp.attrib)specifiedorstated(尤作定语)确定的；所述的；规定的他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。Theyweretomeetatagiventimeandplace.这项工作必须在规定时间内完成。Thisworkmustbedonewithinthegiventime.4.crush(onsth.)n.(L.16)(infml)strongbuttypicalbriefliking(forsb.)喜爱小学生往往很钦佩老师。Schoolchildrenoftenhave/getcrushesonteachers.乔治对玛丽有意思哦。GorgehasabigcrushonMary.5.fancy(L.18)v.1)(infml)haveadesireorwishfor(sth.);want渴望或希望得到（某事物）；想要我想来杯茶。Ifancyacupoftea.你晚饭喜欢吃什么？Whatdoyoufancyforsupper?2)thinkorbelieve(sth.);imagine想；以为；想象我看今天要下雨。Ifancy(that)itsgoingtoraintoday.他好像听到身后有脚步声。Hefanciedheheardfootstepsbehindhim.短语:fancyoneself(assth.)(infml)自命不凡；自负6.blossomv.(L.40)1)(ofatreeorshrub)produceflower（指树木）开花樱桃树今年开花早。Thecherrytreesblossomedearlythisyear.2)out(intosth.)(fig.)developinahealthyorpromisingway;growordevelop(intosth.);flouris健康的成长；长成或发展成（某事物）；兴盛莫扎特早在童年时已初露头角（成为作曲家）。Mozartblossomed(asacomposer)veryearlyinlife.她已亭亭玉立，成了美丽的少女。Shehasblossomed(out)intoabeautifulyounglady.7.restraintn.(L.48)1)Consth./sb.thingthatchecksorcontrols;restriction起遏制作用的事物；管制措施；约束力他勇于打破常规的约束。Heisneverafraidtogetofftherestraintsofconvention.她再也无法忍受有限的收入对家庭开支预算的约束了。Shebegantofindtherestraintsonthefamilybudgetofalimitedincomeunbearable.2)Uthestateofbeingcontrolledorchecked抑制，遏制；管制；约束那孩子的感情一直受到压抑。Thechildsaffectionswerekeptunder/sufferedcontinualrestraint.8.jump/climb/getonthebandwagon(L.55)joiningothersindoingsth.fashionableorlikelytobesuccessful赶浪头；赶时髦；随大流低腰牛仔裤现在很流行，人人趋之若骛呢。Low-waistjeansaresopopularnoweveryoneisjumpingonthebandwagon.我想也不妨像人们说的赶赶时髦。IsupposeImayaswellclimbonthebandwagon,astheysay.背景文化：bandwagon指的是有乐队的马车。在十九世纪的美国南方，参选人为了吸引选民注意，在选战进入紧锣密鼓阶段会安排车队造势，在车阵的最前方会有一辆上面有乐队表演的马车。拜票过程中，民众会跳上车表示支持，期待该候选人当选了，可从中捞到好处。后来，人们便将“跳上乐队车”引申为“赶时髦”之意。9.viaprep.(L.58)bywayof(sth.);through经由（某事物）；通过我可以通过内部通讯系统给他发个通知。Icansendhimanoteviatheinternalmailsystem.他取道土耳其来到欧洲。HecametoEuropeviaTurkey.10.blamesth.onsb./blamesb.(forsth.)(L.63-64)considerorsaythatsb.isresponsibleforsth.done(badlyorwrongly)ornotdone责怪；责备；归咎于她把婚姻的触礁归咎于他。Sheblamedthefailureoftheirmarriageonhim.调查组指出火车司机应对事故负责。Theinquiryblamedthetraindriverfortheaccident.11.acquirevt.(L.73)gain(sth.)byonesownability,effortsorbehavior（靠自己的能力努力或行为而）获得，得到（某事物）学好英语acquireagoodknowledgeofEnglish学会喝白兰地酒acquireatasteofbrandy得到不诚实的名声acquireareputationofdishonesty我妹妹无法把她的书桌搬入新居，我就是这样才得到它的。Mysistercouldnttakeherdeskwithhertothenewhouse:thatishowIcametoacquireit.12.letsb.loose(onsth.)(L.83)allowsb.todealwithsth.intheirownway（在某场合）让任意行动，给予自由把狗放开一会吧。Letthedoglooseforaminute.只有当人们有足够训练之后，才允许他们在体制内自由发展。Peopleareonlyletlooseonthesystemoncetheyhavereceivedsufficienttraining.13.forgevt.(L.84)1)shape(sth.)byheatingitinafireandhammering锻造；打铁锻造剑铁链等forgeasword,achain,etc2)(fig)create(usu.alastingrelationship)bymeansofmuchhardwork（靠艰苦工作）建立（通常为长期关系）建立同盟联系联盟等forgeabond,alink,analliance,etc患难中建立起来的友谊afriendshipforgedbyadversity14.Given,（L.13-14）鉴于的情况就这台发动机的情况来看，只要能发动它就算是奇迹了。Giventheconditionoftheengine,itisawonderthatitevenstarts.鉴于他的名声，我无法确定我们是否应该聘用他。Givenhisreputation,Iamnotsureweshouldhirehim.15.thereismuchmorethan(L.78-79)决不仅仅意味着沙漠所意味的远远不只是沙子。Thereismuchmoretoadesertthansand.II.KeyWordsandUsefulExpressions(TextB)1.moist(L.2)潮湿的；湿润的要记得按时给植物浇水以保持土壤湿润。Doremembertowatertheplantregularlytokeepthesoilmoist.他妹妹双眼噙着泪水。Hissisterseyesbecamemoist.派生词moistenv.（使事物）潮湿，湿润moisturen.潮湿，水气moisturizev.（施化妆品）使（皮肤）滋润2.engagedadj.(L.16)(usu.pred.)（指一人或两人）已订婚;忙的，没空的她和彼得定了婚。ShesengagedtoPeter.我告诉他我在忙别的事。ItoldhimIwasotherwiseengaged.同源词：engagingadj.吸引注意力的；迷人的3.fascinatevt.(L.23)使（某人）着迷神魂颠倒或极感兴趣孩子们让商店橱窗里的玩具给吸引住了。Thechildrenwerefascinatedbythetoysintheshopwindow.我瞧着她，完全被她迷住了。Iwatchedher,fascinated.4.inthecourseof(L.36)在期间新的铁路正在建设中。Thenewrailwayisinthecourseofconstruction.在面试过程中中我的心跳得厉害。Myheartbeatthicklyinthecourseoftheinterview.5.manipulatev.(L.38)熟练控制或操纵（某事物）原始人很快就学会了使用工具。Primitivemanquicklylearnedhowtomanipulatetools.你知道如何使用计算机吗?Doyouknowhowtomanipulateacomputer?6.agonizingadj.(L.46)使人痛苦的折磨人的疼痛anagonizingpain恼人的耽搁anagonizingdelay痛苦的决定anagonizingdecision所有中国人无不殷切盼望早日结束这种令人痛心的局面。AlltheChinesepeopleareyearningforanearlyendtothisagonizingsituation同源词：agonizev.（对某事物）极度忧虑或担心agonizeda.表示痛苦的7.clipvt.(L.58)（用剪刀）剪（某物）；（尤指）剪短，修剪为参加狗展把狗的毛剪短了。Thedogsfurwasclippedshortfortheshow.她将旧的纪录缩短了近两秒。Sheclippednearlytwosecondsofftheoldrecord.8.filevt.(L.58)用锉切削（某物）她在很仔细地锉指甲。Sheisfilingherfinger-nailswithgreatcare.发动机的号码被锉掉了。Theenginenumberswerefiledaway.9.yieldvi.(L.72)屈服，让步；（对某人/某事物）不再反对该城受长期围困而被迫弃守。Thetownwasforcedtoyieldafteralongsiege.她禁不住诱惑，又吃了一块巧克力。Sheyieldedtotemptationandhadanotherchocolate.10.invain(L.74)结果地，徒然;无效果的，无用的昨晚我怎么也睡不着。Itriedinvaintosleeplastnignt.我们的工作全都白干了。Allourworkwasinvain.III.KeystotheExercisesEnhanceYourLanguageAwarenessWORDSINACTIONWorkingwithWordsandExpressions1.1)curled2)minimum3)clip4)yielded5)Given6)awaiting7)fascinated8)affection9)interact10)haste11)harden12)grief13)defies14)glance15)presence16)lasting17)via18)acquire19)manipulate20)restraints2.1)letlooseon2)fitinto3)holdon4)stateofaffairs5)inthecourseof6)invain7)buildon8)Inshort9)growusedto10)blameon11)reachedfor12)giveandtakeIncreasingYourWordPower1.1)overcoat2)overhead3)overjoyed4)overslept5)overweight6)overdue7)overtime8)overworking2.1)crush2)attribtes3)fancy4)bubbled5)grasp6)drizzling7)labeling8)yield3.1)Weareshortofhands.2)Istillhavesomemoneyinhand.3)Givemeahandwiththisbox,please.4)Ioftenkeepadictionaryathand.5)Thefootballfanswereoutofhand.6)Handoutthepencilstoeveryoneintheclass.7)Thisringwashandeddowntomebymygrandmother.8)Timesup.Pleasehandinyourtestpapers.9)Pleasehandonthemagazinetoyourroommates.10)ImafraidIcanthelpyou.Imagreenhand.GRAMMARREVIEW1.1)Sittingonthestairswas/Onthestairswassitting2)Overthewallcame/flew3)Roundthecornerwas4)Thenfinallycame5)Underthetablewaslying6)At/Onthetopof(Ontopof)thehillstood2.1)Thebeaverchewsdowntreestogetfoodandmaterialtobuilditshomewith.2)DoyourparentsthinkTomisaniceboytogooutwith?3)Thegoalsforwhichhehasfoughtallhislifeseemunimportanttohimnow.4)None.5)Theessaystartsbyaskingaquestion,towhichtheauthorthengivesapositiveanswer.CLOZE1.1)haste2)stateofaffairs3)distinguished4)meetingofminds5)blossom6)innercharm7)intimacy8)emotion9)acquiring10)ideals11)admiration12)lasting13)affection14)forge15)honor16)overwhelmingTRANSLATION1）无论是友情还是爱情，你都不可能期待自己付出最少而得到最多。（maximum;minimum）Ineitherfriendshiporlove/Inbothfriendshipandlove,youshouldneverexpecttotake/receivethemaximumwhileyougivetheminimum.2）我把全部希望寄托在他的承诺上，结果却发现他根本不是个真诚的人。（buildon;sincerity）Ibuiltallmyhopesonhispromise(s),onlytofindthathewasnotamanofsincerityatall.3）我们带母亲去了所有我们能找到的最好的医院，但一切努力都是徒劳的。母亲还是没能熬过那次疾病（invain）WetookMothertoallthebesthospitalswecouldfind,butalloureffortswereinvain;shefailedtosurvivethedisease.4）情人节（ValentinesDay）是个一年一度在2月14日庆祝的节日，一个向自己心仪的对象表达爱意的好日子。（affection）ValendinesDayisanannualholidaycelebratedonFebruary14,aperfectdaytoexpresslovetotheobjectofyour/onesaffection.5.在信息时代，通过电子邮件方式跟远方的朋友交流几乎可以是同步的（simultaneous）。（era;via）Intheinformationera,communicationswithfar-awayfriendsviae-mailcanbealmost/virtuallysimultaneous.6）爱情需要时间，因为只有慢慢习惯和学会欣赏对方才会产生出爱情。（growusedto;forge）Lovetakestime,foritisnotforgeduntilyouhavegrownusedtotheotherscompanyandlearnedtoappreciatetheother.ParagraphTransltionAfterdinner,weallsataroundthehearth.AuntSusanwasstillinthegriefoflosingUncleRobert.Inhersoftvoiceshetoldusabouttheirpastyears.UncleRobertjoinedthearmyshortlyaftertheywereengaged.Giventhecriticalsituationatthetimewhenlotsofarmymendidntreturnalive,youcanimaginehowmuchoverjoyedAuntSusanwastoseeUncleRobertcomebacksafeandsoundfromtheEuropeanbattlefield.Thentheygotmarriedandbroughtupfivechildren.Forallthoseyears,theiraffectionforeachothergrewstrongerinthecourseofovercomingdifficultiesandhardshipsinlife.IwasfascinatedbyAuntSusansstory,whichwastotallydifferentfrommyidealoflove.Theypracticedgivingandsharingintheirdailylifeinsteadofpursuingpassionandromance.Amazingly,suchlovelastedthroughtheirwholelife.IV.Writing1.WritingSkillHowtowritealetterofapplicationThepurposeofaletterofapplicationistohelptheapplicantobtainthejobheisinterestedin.Itshouldstateclearlywhatpositiontheapplicantwants,andshouldtellwhathisabilitiesarewhathehastooffer.Itshouldprovideaquick,clearpictureoftheapplicantsqualifications,accomplishmentandaims.Itshouldpresenttheapplicanttopossibleemployorsinthebestlight.BasicstructureTheopening,inwhichyouExplainhowyouheardaboutthevacancy;Specifythejobyouareseeking;Introduceyourself.Thesalespitch,inwhichyouFirstsaysomethingaboutyourselfthatwillmakeyourreaderwanttogoonreading;Thenanswerthequestion“whyyou”ofalltheapplicationsorresumestheyhavereceivedbystatingyouraccomplishmentsandabilities;thentellthemyougenuinelywanttoworkforthecompany/organization,etc.Thecallforaction,inwhichyouSuggestwhatyouwilldotofollowup;Requestaninterview.Theclosing,inwhichyouendtheletterinabusiness-likemannerbyUsing“sincerely(yours)”.2.Usefulexpressions1)ApplicationsforentrytoacollegeIamwritingtoaswhetheryoucouldsendmesomeinformationaboutyourcollegeandfortheapplicationformsIamwritingtoyouinthehopethatImayobtainanopportunitytodograduatestudyinouruniversity2)ApplicationforjobsIseefromyouradvertisementinyesterdaysChinaDailythatIaminterestedinthepost/IshouldliketoapplyforthepostofwhichyouadvertisedinyesterdaysChinaDailyIshouldverymuchliketobeconsideredforthepostofwhichwasadvertisedinIamlookingforajobas,andwouldbegratefulifyouwouldconsidermeforsuchapostinyourfirm.Thankyouforyourtimeandconsideration.Icancomeforaninterviewatanytimeconvenienttoyou.Ilookforwardtoyourearlyreply/theinterview.IlookforwardtohearingfromyouandIdohopeIshallhavetheopportunityofaninterview.3.WritingPractice:LearntowriteanapplicationletterfromtheexampleDirections:Youwanttoapplyforthefollowingjob:waiter/waitressrequiredforeveningwork.WritealettertoMr.Henry(theboss)to:1)showyourinterestintheposition,2)explainwhyyouwouldbesuitableforthejob,3)lookforwardtothepossibleinterviewwithhim.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.SampleDearMr.Henry,Iamwritingtoexpressmyinterestinyourrecentlyadvertisedpositionforawaitress.Enclosedwiththisletterismyresume,whichfurtherdetailsmypreviousworkexperienceandqualifications.First,notonlydomyqualificationsandworkexperiencemakemeaperfectcandidateforthejob,mypersonalityiswellsuitedtoworkingasawaitress.Second,Iamaveryfriendlypersonwhocanquicklyestablishrapportwithpeopleofallages.Last,thefast-pacedenvironmentofwaitingontablessuitesmewellbecauseIthriveonworkingunderpressure.Iwouldliketomeetwithyouatyourearliestconvenience,todiscussthepossibilityofworkingatyourrestaurant.Thankyouforyourconsiderationofmyapplication.Ilookforwardtomeetingyouinthenearfuture.Yourssincerely,LiMing4.WritealetterasrequiredDirections:Beingavolunteerforthe2008BeijingOlympicGamesisyourstrongwish.Writealetterabout150wordstotheBeijingOlympicCommitteeto1)stateyourapplicationtobeavolunteer,2)describeyourqualifications,3)expresstheappreciationofaninterview.Donotsignyourownnameattheendoftheletter.Use“LiMing”instead.Donotwritetheaddress.SampleDearSirorMadam,Iamwritingtoexpressmygreatinterestinthe“OlympicVolunteerRecruitment”launchedrecentlybytheBeijingOlympicCommittee,andIwouldliketoapplyasaqualifiedcandidate.AsIamanEnglishmajor,myfluencyinbothMandarinandEnglish,aswellasmybasiccommandofFrench,guaranteesthatImeetthelanguagerequirementforthevariousvolunteerpositions.Moreimportantly,Ihavebeenanenthusiasticparticipantinmanyinternationalexchangeprogramswhicharereflectedinmyattachedresumeandtherefore,Ibelievemycommunicationskillsmakemecompetentforsuchapost.Shouldyougrantmeaninterview,Iwouldbemostgrateful.Yourstruly,LiMing
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