虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法总结.doc

虚拟语气中的含蓄条件句常见用法 先看一道高考题： _ more attention，the trees could have grown better AGiven BTo give CGiving DHaving given （答案是A） 句中the trees could have grown better是一个表达虚拟语气的句子。题中要求选择的是如何表达假设条件的形式。如果我们把这个句子用另一种形式If they had been given more attention ，the trees could have grown better来表示，就不难理解了。很多情况下，在表示假设的虚拟语气中，有时假设的条件并不以条件从句的形式表达，而是通过上下文或句中内在的逻辑关系，或用其它形式表达出来，我们称之为含蓄条件句。 含蓄条件句主要通过名词、连接词、不定式、分词、动名词短语、介词短语及分句来暗示。这些表达形式在句中实际起着虚拟条件从句的作用。现分述如下： 一、介词短语 常用来表示虚拟条件的介词有with，without，in，under，but for等等，它们表示的虚拟条件都可以被if从句替换。 （1）without，with without表示否定的条件，意为ifnot；with与without意义相反，表示肯定的条件。如： Without air，there would be no living things（without air if there were no air）没有空气，便没有生物。 With her help（If I had her help），I would do the experiment well假如有她帮助，我就可以把这个实验做好。 （2）under Under the leadership of a less experienced person，the experiment would have failed（underIf there had been the leadership of a less experienced person）假设在一个缺少经验的人领导下进行实验，实验准会失败。 （3）in I would have lost my head in that position（in that position if I had been in that position）我处在那种情况下，是会丧失理智的。 （4）but for But for their help（If it were not for their help），we could not get over the difficulties要不是他们的帮助，我们是克服不了这些困难的。 二、连接词or ，otherwise，but，but that等等 Im really busy，otherwise（if I werent so busy），I would certainly go with you我确实太忙了。不然的话，我一定和你一块去。 But that I saw it（If I had not seen it），I could not have believed it要不是亲眼看见的话，我是不会相信的。 三、分词短语 United（If they had been united），they wouldnt have been defeated他们要是团结起来，就不会被打败。 Seen from a high mountain（If it were seen from a high mountain），the field in which wheat is growing would look like a great green sea倘若从高山上看，麦田就像一片碧绿的大海。 四、动词不定式短语 It would be only partly right to answer in this way（if we answered in this way）如果这样回答，只对一部分。 To hear him speak English（If one were to hear him speak English），one would think him an Englishman要是听他讲起英语来，人们会认为他是一个英国人。 五、形容词或其比较级的形式 A less difficult problem would have already been solved（If the problem had been less difficult，it would have already been solved）要是问题不那么难的话，它早就被解决了。 An honest man would not do such a thing（If he were an honest man，he would not do such a thing）诚实的人是不会做这种事的。 六、名词 An honest man would not say this（If the man were honest，he wouldnt say this）一个诚实的人，就不会说这种话。 Who but a fool（If one were a fool，one）would believe his words除了傻瓜，谁会相信他的话！ 七、名词and的结构 One step further and you would be dead（If you took one step further，you would be dead）再往前走一步，你就会死。 八、独立主格结构或由with引导的复合结构 All things considered（If all things were considered），the price would be reasonable如果全面考虑起来，价格可能是合理的。 九、定语从句 A nation which stopped working would be dead in a fortnight（If a nation stopped working，it would be dead in a fortnight）如果一个国家停止工作，不出半个月就会灭亡。