《写好段落的意义》PPT课件.ppt

段落写作ParagraphWriting 写好段落的意义 1 它是英语实际运用的基础 2 它是文章的重要组成部分 写好段落的标准 一段一要点 在写作过程中 将文章划分为一个个段落的目的 就是将要阐述的信息分割为有一定意义的信息块 组 而将这些信息块 组 按照一定的逻辑关系排列起来 就构成了文章的整体 因此 在一个段落里 最好只呈现文章的一个要点 并紧紧围绕这一要点进行写作 一定要注意不要在一个段落内塞入二三个甚至更多的要点 这会使读者感到困惑 不知本段侧重陈述什么内容 主题句放前主题句 topicsentence 是对整个段落要阐述内容的高等浓缩概括 用一句或两句话将其表述出来 一般来说 要将主题句放在段落的第一句 以便让读者一开始就明了作者在本段落要陈述的内容 但如果有承上启下的过渡句时 也可将主题句放在过渡句的后面 段内忌杂而乱一个段落之内的几个句子并非是杂乱无章地堆砌在一起的 这些句子一定要与该段所表达的要点密切相关 并且按照一定的逻辑关系排列 句子之间可以使用恰当的关联词语衔接起来 以保持段落的完整性 不长也不短在遵循上面的一段一要点的原则上 还需要注意段落的长度 一般情况下 一个段落不要太短 1 2句话 也不可太长 15句话以上 段落太短很难将意思表达清楚 太长则读者会感到疲倦 段间紧相连由于每个段落集中阐述一个要点 段与段之间是相对独立的 因此段落之间最好使用一些关联词语或过渡语句 将文章中的各个段落有机地串联起来 使整篇文章浑然一体 段落的组成部分 主题句topicsentence推展句supportingsentences结论句concludingsentence Advertisementsareusefultothemanufactures 主题句 Withtheirhelp themanufacturescanprovidepeoplewithinformationabouttheirnewproducts theirgoodquality theircheappricesandtheirpopularity 推展句 Asaresult theymightsellwell which inreturn maygreatlybenefitthemanufactures 结尾句 Mymotherhaspassedalongtomecertainrulesforgettingalongwithothers Don targuewithparents theywillthinkyoudon tlovethem Don targuewithchildren theywillthinkthemselvesvictimized Don targuewithspouses theywillthinkyouareatiresomemate Don targuewithstrangers theywillthinkyouarenotfriendly Mymother srules infact canbesummedupintwowords Don targue 主题句 中心思想 controllingideaorcentralidea 是表达段落主题的句子 它用以概括段落大意 要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开 主题句的位置 主题句通常放在段落的开端 其特点是开门见山地摆出问题 然后加以详细说明 其作用是使文章的结构更清晰 更具说服力 便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容 主题句可以放在段中起到承上启下的作用 或放在段尾起概括全段的作用 Ourlifetodaydependsverymuchonenergy Intownsandinvillages onfarmsandinfactories machineshavemadelifeeasierthanitusedtobe Themachinesuseenergy andenergyisneededforheating lighting communications carryinggoods everything Factoriesandindustrialplantsuseagreatdealofenergytomakethethingsthatweuseandbuyandsell Intheireffortstopersuadeustobuythisorthatproduct advertisershavemadeaclosestudyofhumannatureandhaveclassifiedallourlittleweakness Noonecanavoidbeinginfluencedbyadvertisements Muchaswemayprideourselvesonourgoodtaste wearenolongerfreetochoosethethingswewant foradvertisingexertsasubtleinfluenceonus Intheireffortstopersuadeustobuythisorthatproduct advertisershavemadeaclosestudyofhumannatureandhaveclassifiedallourlittleweakness 写好主题句中的关键词 段落的主题句对主题的限定主要是通过句中的关键词来表现的 关键词要尽量写得具体些 对 具体 的要求包括两个方面 一是要具体到能控制和限制段落的发展 二是要具体到能说明段落发展的方法 准确地把握关键词是清楚地表达段落主题 写好段落主题句的重要前提之一 比较 Hecanfixabicyclehimself Hecanfixabicyclehimselfinseveralsimplesteps Thereareseveralreasonswhyhecanfixabicyclehimself 比较 Shetriestoimproveherlooks Shetriesmanywaystoimproveherlooks Therearesomereasonswhyshetriestoimproveherlooks 因此 导向 control 和制约 limit Therearetwowaysinwhichonecanownabook Thefirstisthepropertyrightyouestablishbypayingforit justasyouhavemadeitapartofyourselfandthebestwaytomakeyourselfapartofitisbywritinginit Exerciseisbeneficialtoyourheart A22 yearstudywasconductedbydoctorsinCalifornia Theyfoundthatpeoplewhoworkatphysicaljobsexperiencefewerheartattacksthanotherpeople Theseactivepeopleworkallthetimeatmoderatespeeds theirdailyroutinegivesthemanadequateamountofexerciseandhelpsthemstayinshape 小结 主题句的内容要明确具体 具有特定性和单一性 切忌笼统 a Waterisimportant a Waterisimportanttous bTomisagoodstudent b Tomisahard workingstudent 主题句的语言要简洁 开门见山 YousaidyouweregoingtolearnChineseinJinhuaChineseschoolandaskedmetofindaflatforyou NowIamwritingtotellyousomethingabouttheoneI vefoundforyou I mgladtoknowthatyouwillcometoChinaandI vefoundaflatforyou 课堂练习 就下面的主题写出一个主题句 1 BirthdayParty2 Hobby3 MyFriend4 Examination5 OlympicGames 练习讲解 1 MybirthdaywillcomeandIplantotakeabirthdayparty 2 Ionlyplaybadmintonasahobby 3 MyeyesmovingfromfacetofaceandIwondersheismyfriendorfoe 4 Ifyouwanttoentertheuniversityyoumusttositanexaminationinmath 5 WehaveeveryconfidenceinBeijing sabilitytostageanexcellentOlympicgames 1 Therewasanunexpectedthinghashappenedonmytwenty sbirthdayparty 2 Youcanachievemoreknowledgeandhappinessfromyourhobbies 3 Myfriendworkshardonhismathstudy 4 DoyouthinkthatitisnecessaryforustositaCET4examination 5 NotonlydoOlympicGameshaveitsadvantages butitalsohavedisadvantages Myfriendsgavemefourdifferentbirthdaypartyduringthepastfouryears Myhobbiesarequietdifferentfromothers Ihavesomefriendswhichcomefromdifferentcountries TheexaminationincludesthefollowingpartsThereareseveralreasonswhyOlympicGamewillbeheldinChina 1 Iwenttomybestfriend sbirthdaypartylastMonday 2 Oneofmyhobbiesisdrawingoldpictures 3 Myfriendishardworkingandwarm hearted 4 IsittedsomanyexaminationswhenIwasintheseniorhighschool 5 Therearesomenewcompetitionsin2008OlympicGames 1 NextFridayIwillgotomybestfriendAngela sbirthdayparty 2 Ihavemanyhobbies suchasplayingbadminton listeningtothemusicandchattingwithmyfriends 3 Inmyopinion theexaminationisavailablebutnotnecessary 4 Oneworld onedream Beijingwillwelcomethe2008OlympicGames 5 WhatIdefinemyfriendiswhocanshareherhappinessandsorrowwithmewheneverwegettogether 1 MygoodFriendscelebratedtomybirthday andgavememanykindsofpresents 2 Marryhastwohobbiesunusualtootherpeople 3 Afriendisapersonwhocanletyoufeelwarmwhenyouaredepressed SoIhavemanyfriends 4 Ithinkexaminationhaveadvantageanddisadvantage 5 ThesearemanyprojectsintheOlympicGames 1 Ithinkallofyouhavehobbies Butifyouknowthatdifferenthobbiesleadtodifferentcharacters 2 Youarelonelyifyouhavenofriends Iamveryhappytohaveaclosefriend 3 Examinationisawayforteachertocheckstudents butthereisabadbehaviorofcheatingintheexamination 4 AllthepeopleinChinafeelexcitingbecausethatthe2008OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijing 5 LastSaturdayallofmyclosefriendscametomyhometocelebratemybirthday Wehadagoodtime 段落的推展 主要特点是 围绕段落主题句展开的每一个推展句本身都不要求作进一步的说明或证明 句与句之间的关系是相互独立又是互相连接的 推展句的写法 1 按事情的起因 经过和结果的顺序组织安排语句 一般的写事段落采用这种办法 2 按地点和景物变换的空间顺序组织安排语句 3 按论说的重要程度安排 一般顺序是先次要后主要 最主要的理由放在最后 主题句 Thereareseveralfactorsaffectingclimate 推展句1 Onefactoristhemountofsunlightreceived 推展句2 Altitude ortheheightabovesealevel alsodeterminesclimate 推展句3 Theoceanshaveaneffectontheclimateofadjacentland 推展句4 Inaddition climateisinfluencedbythegeneralcirculationoftheatmosphere TherearethreereasonswhyIliketofish First Fishingcandevelopman spersonality Second fishingcanhelpyoukilltimeandfinally fishingcanmakeyoubecomemorepatient Therefore fishingismyfavoriteexercise 次要推展句 次要推展句 minorsupportingstatement 是指对主要推展句作进一步的事实分析和举例说明 它从属于某一个或某几个推展句 主题句 Idon tteachbecauseteachingiseasyforme 主要推展句1 TeachingisthemostdifficultofthevariouswaysIhaveattemptedtoearnmyliving mechanic carpenter writer 主要推展句2 Forme teachingisared eye sweaty palm sinking stomachprofession 次要推展句1 Red eye becauseIneverfeelreadytoteachnomatterhowlateIstayuppreparing 次要推展句2 Sweaty palm becauseI malwaysnervousbeforeIentertheclassroom surethatIwillbefoundoutforthefoolthatIam 次要推展句3 Sinking stomach becauseIleavetheclassroomanhourlaterconvincedthatIwasevenmoreboringthanusual 主要推展句与次要推展句的关系 主要推展句与次要推展句的关系 relation 基本可以遵循下面的 三部分 three part 规则 1 每个主要推展句都应该是对主题句中表示主要思想的关键词的直接 明确的说明 2 每个次要推展句都应该说明它的主要推展句 3 含有讨论说明或分析的问题通常既要有主要推展素材 又要有次要推展素材 1 TherearethreereasonswhyIliketo 2 ItisnotverydifficulttowriteraletterinEnglish 3 IstillrememberthedaywhenIcametothisschool 4 Ihadanexciting dangerous interesting etc experiencetheotherday 5 InthecenterofBeijingisTianAnMenSquare