高三英语星级阶梯阅读练习三星级13.doc

高三英语星级阶梯阅读练习三星级13AMr. Peter Johnson, aged twenty-three, battled for half an hour to escape from his trapped car yesterday when it landed upside down in three feet of water. He took the only escape routethrough the boot. Mr. Johnsons car had ended up in a ditch(沟渠) at Romney Marsin, Kent after he lost proper control on ice and hit a bank. “Fortunately, the water began to come in only slowly,” Mr. Johnson said. “I couldnt force the doors open because they were jammed against the walls of the ditch and dared not open the windows because I knew water would come flooding in.” Mr. Johnson, a sweet salesman of Sitting Home, Kent, first tried to attract the attention of other motorists by sounding the horn (笛) and hammering on the roof and boot. Then he began his struggle to escape. Later he said, “It was really a half penny that saved my life. It was the only coin I had in my pocket and I used it to unscrew the back seat to get into the boot. I hammered desperately with a hammer trying to make someone hear, but no help came.” It took ten minutes to unscrew the seat, and a further five minutes to clear the sweet samples from the boot. Then Mr. Johnson found a wrench (扳手) and began to work on the boot lock. Fifteen minutes passed by. “It was the only chance I had. Finally it gave, but as soon as I moved the boot lid, the water and mud poured in. I forced the lid down into the mud and climbed up clear as the car filled up.” His hands and arms cut and bruised, Mr. Johnson got to Beckett Farm nearby. Huddled in a blanket, he said, “That thirty minutes seemed like hours.” Only the tips of the car wheels were visible, police said last night. The vehicle had sunk into two feet of mud at the bottom of the ditch. 56. Which of the following objects is the most important to Mr. Johnson?A. The hammer.B. The coin. C. The seat. D. The horn. 57. We know from the passage that _.A. Mr. Johnsons car stood on its boot as it fell downB. Mr. Johnsons car accident was partly due to the slippery roadC. Mr. Johnson struggled in the pouring mud as he unscrewed the back seatD. Mr. Johnson could not escape from the door because it was full of sweet jam58. “Finally it gave” in Paragraph 5 means that _. A. at last the wrench went brokenB. the chance was lost at the last minuteC. the lock came open after all his effortsD. luckily the door was torn away in the end59. What is the best title for this newspaper article?A. Driver Escapes through Car Boot B. The Story of Mr. Johnson, a Sweet SalesmanC. The Driver Survived a Terrible Car AccidentD. Car Boot Can Serve as the Best Escape RouteBMicro-Enterprise Credit for Street YouthIntroductionAlthough small-scale business training and credit programs have become more common throughout the world, relatively little attention has been paid to the need to direct such chances to the street youth. Over the past nine years, Street Kids International (S.K.I.) has been working with partner organizations in Africa, Latin America and India to support the economic lives of street children. The purpose of this paper is to share some of the lessons S.K.I. has learned.BackgroundTypically, children end up on the streets not due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a lack of adequately funded(资助) schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventurous play and money. However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or no protection, to unfair employment, urban crime, and abuse.Street Business PartnershipsS.K.I. has worked with partner organizations in Latin America, Africa and India to develop opportunities for street children to earn income.l The S.K.I. Bicycle Courier Service first started in the Sudan. Participants in this enterprise were supplied with bicycles, which they used to deliver parcels and messages, but they were required to pay for it gradually from their wages. l The Youth Skills Enterprise plan in Zambia is a joint program with the Red Cross Society. Street youths are supported to start their own small business through life skills training and access to credit. Lessons learnedThe following lessons have been learned from the programs.It is important for all loans(贷款) to be linked to training programs that include the development of basic business and life skills. Small loans are provided at first for purchasing equipments such as bicycles, shoe shining kits.All S.K.I. programs have charged interest on the loans, primarily to get the business runners used to the concept of paying interest on borrowed money. Generally the rates have been modest. 60. The organization, S.K.I., aims to _.A. give business training and loans to street children B. provide schools and social support for street childrenC. share the lessons S.K.I learned to help street childrenD. draw the attention of the government to street children61. According to the passage, whats the most probable reason for children to end up living on the street?A. Unemployment. B. Adventurous play. C. Urban crimes. D. Being poor.62. It can be inferred from the passage that with the help of S.K.I, street children may _.A. reject paid employment B. leave their familiesC. set up their own business D. support other childrenCFor some time past it has been widely accepted that babiesand other creatureslearn to do things because certain acts lead to “rewards”. It used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological “drives” as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.It is now clear that this is not so. Babies will learn to behave in ways that produce results with no reward except the successful outcome.Papousek began his studies by using milk in the normal way to “reward” the babies and so teach them to carry out some simple movements, such as turning the head to one side or the other. Then he noticed that a baby who had had enough to drink would refuse the milk but would still go on making the learned response with clear signs of pleasure. So he began to study the childrens responses in situations where no milk was provided. He quickly found that children as young as four months would learn to turn their heads to right or left if the movement “switched on” a display of lightsand indeed that they had the ability to learn quite complex turns to bring about this result, for instance, two left or two right, or even to make as many as three turns to one side.Papuseks light display was placed directly in front of the babies and he made the interesting observation that sometimes they would not turn back to watch the lights closely although they would “smile and bubble” when the display came on. Papousek concluded that it was not primarily the sight of the lights which pleased them, it was the success they were achieving in solving the problem, in mastering the skill, and that there exists a fundamental human urge to make sense of the world and bring it under intentional control. 63. According to the author, babies learn to do things which _.A. are directly related to pleasure B. will bring them a feeling of successC. will meet their physical needs D. will satisfy their curiosity64. Papousek noticed in his studies that a baby would _.A. make learned responses when it saw the milkB. carry out learned movements when it had enough to drinkC. continue the simple movements without being given milkD. turn its head to right or left when it had enough to drink65. The babies would “smile and bubble” at the lights because _.A. the lights were directly related to some basic “drives”B. the sight of the lights was interestingC. they need not turn back to watch the lightsD. they succeeded in “switching on” the lights66. According to Papousek, the babies pleasure in achieving something is a reflection of _.A. a basic human desire to understand and control the worldB. the satisfaction of certain physiological needsC. their strong desire to solve complex problemsD. a fundamental human urge to display their learned skillsDThe word hug is of uncertain origin. The Oxford English Dictionary cautions against confusing it with huggeanother word of the Middle English ug, meaning “to inspire with fear or disgust”. Nevertheless, I find myself drawn to the possibility that hug does, in fact, have some connection with ug. It seems to me that at the thought of a tight embrace(拥抱), fear and disgust do come to mind. So why is it that when I go over to your house for dinner, you wrap your arms around me, even though I saw you last Friday at the movies? One arm or two? Should there be space between us? Should I brush my cheek against yours? Maybe even kiss your cheek?Im willing to believe that some people really love to hug. They rush to enfold not only family and friends but also friends of friends and near strangers. They delight in applying pressure and rocking from side to side. Yet most people are just going through the motions; theyre looking for a way to say hello or goodbye. Not wanting to seem rude, I open my arms, too, submitting to the ceremony of friendship. After one particularly confusing interaction, I looked for advice from experts. Emily Yoffe, an advice columnist, offered her sympathy: “Im with you on this, but Ive become a non-hugger who hugs. Recently after breakfast with a new friend, I went in to hug her goodbye, and I could see a kind of horror in her eyes, but it was too late to back off.” Thats me: The girl with the look of horror in her eyes.The Emily Post Institute, which specializes in manners, explains that when greeting someone, you should look him or her in the eyes and smile, speak clearly, add a “glad to see you” and then shake hands with a firm grip, pump two or three times, and then release. The institute suggests adding a hug “if its a relative or close friend.” Nor any specific information on what a proper hug entails. There are several hug alternatives, among them: the handshake, the cheek kiss, the wave, the arm squeeze, and the nod. Handshakes seem formal, cheek kisses un-American. Arm squeezing would be a good solution if it were not for the danger of getting pulled into something more full-bodied. The nod, though, can be very effective when combined with a smile, especially when executed with confidence and with one hand already grasping the door handle. 67. What do the first two paragraphs indicate about “hug”?A. The word causes common disfavor. B. The behavior appears disgusting.C. The action is somewhat confusing. D. The manner is unsuitable for friends.68. About the way of embrace, the experts _.A. have a standard concept B. feel embarrassed and uneasyC. advise people to use other ways D. fail to give an explicit definition69. Whats the authors attitude towards hug?A. Cautious. B. Hesitant. C. Puzzled. D. Opposed.70. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Specialized opinions on daily manners. B. In-depth research into hug.C. Appropriateness of daily manners. D. Important reform of greeting manners.5660 BBCAA 6165 DCBCD 6670 ACDDC