英语(八年级下册英语重点语法和短语).doc

英语(八年级下册英语重点语法和短语)Unit 1 Will people have robots?重点语法：一般将来时态的应用 do/does 的一般将来时态形式：(shall/will) do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态：(shall/will) be done一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：People will have robots in a few years.否定句例句：People (will not/wont) have robots in a few years.一般疑问句例句：Will people have robots in a few years?特殊疑问句例句：What will people have in a few years?重点短语：wont = will not theyll = they will shell = she will hell = he will Ill = I will fall in love with(sb./sth.) 爱上（某人/某物） be able to do sth. 能够做某事 实现 in the future 未来 hundreds of 数以百计的 thousands of 数以千计的 look for(sb./sth.) 寻找（某人/某物） will would 情态动词 will 的原形和过去式 may might 情态动词 may 的原形和过去式Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Look at the title and picture, and predict what you will read about. (看着标题和图片，预知你要阅读那些方面的内容。)This helps you get ready to acquire new information. (这样可以帮助你获得一些新的信息。)Unit 2 What should I do?重点语法：过去将来时态（将来时态的委婉说法） do/does 的过去将来时态形式：(should/would) do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态：(should/would) be done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式：肯定句例句：You should write a letter to him.否定句例句：You shouldnt write a letter to him.一般疑问句例句：Should I write a letter to him?特殊疑问句例句：What should I do?重点短语：keep sb. out 不让某人进入 Whats wrong? = Whats the matter? = Whats the problem? 怎么了？ out of style 不时髦的；过时的 call sb. up 给某人打电话 pay for sth. 为某事付款 part-time job 兼职工作 the same as = be same (to/with) 与同样 in style 时髦的；流行的 get on well with sb. = get along well with sb. 与某人相处（好） didnt = did not couldnt = could not as . as possible 尽可能(eg/ as soon as possible 尽快) all kinds of 各种；许多 on the one hand 一方面 on the other hand 另一方面 ask sb. for sth. = ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事 ask sb. not to do sth. 请求某人不要做某事 spend (money) on sth. = spend (money) in doing sth. 花钱做某事 sth. cost sb. (money) 某人花钱为了某事 take sb. sometime to do sth. 花某人时间做某事 find out 查明 find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事 be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry at sth. 生某事的气 the same age as = as old as 与某人年龄一样 have fight with sb. 与某人打架 learn to do sth. 学会做某事 not . until . 直到才 把某事(A)与某事(B)作比较 its time for sth. = its time to do sth. 到该做某事的时间了 maybe adv. 或许 may be （情态动词 + 动词原形）可能是 shall should 情态动词 shall 的原形和过去式 pay paid paid 动词 pay 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)You will learn to use new words better if you use a learners dictionary. (时刻学着应用新单词来学习比时刻使用字典这种途径方法更好。)A bilingual dictionary sometimes gives the wrong meaning for the situation you want. (在某些你需要的场合下，一本双语字典有时会给你错误的解释。)Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived?重点语法：过去进行时态 do/does 的过去进行时态形式：(was/were) doing do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态：(was/were) being done过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：I was walking down the street when a UFO landed.否定句例句：I wasnt walking down the street when a UFO landed.一般疑问句例句：Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed?特殊疑问句例句：What were you doing when a UFO landed?动词 when 和 while 的选择：when 后加瞬间动词，while 后加延续性动词。例句：The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed.感叹句结构：(1) How + adj. + the + 主语 + 谓语动词 =(2) What + (a/an) + adj. + n. + 主语 + 谓语动词例句：What a beautiful flower it is! =How beautiful the flower is! What beautiful flowers they are! =How beautiful the flowers are!重点短语：get out 出去；离开 take off 起飞 run away 逃跑；跑掉 进来 hear about = hear of 听说 take place 发生 as . as 像一样(eg/ as old as him 像他一样老) anywhere = everywhere = here and there 任何地方 think about 考虑 think of 认为 get up = get out of the bed 起床 at the doctors 在诊所 every day 每一天 everyday adj. 日常的 most adj. 大部分 the most 最多的 in space 在太空中 national hero 民族英雄 all over the world = in the world 全世界Reading Strategy(阅读方法)The title can be helpful for you to understand a text. (一篇文章的标题可以帮助你理解整篇文章。)Its also a good idea to read the first sentence of each paragraph before you read. (在阅读整篇文章之前，阅读每段的第一句话也是一个很有效的方法。)Unit 4 He said I was hard-working.重点语法：宾语从句结构：主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语)例句：-Im good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) -He says Im good at English.注意：主句是一般现在时态，宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句：He says Im good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. 主句是过去时态，宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句：He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. 宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句：Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. 动词原形不能作主语，必须用其 -ing 形式。 例句：She said helping others changed her life.重点短语：direct speech 直接引语 reported speech = indirect speech 间接引语 first of all = at first 首先 pass on 传递 be supposed to do sth. 应该做某事 be good at = do well in 在某方面做得好 in good health 身体健康 get over 克服 open up 打开 care for = take care of = look after 照料；照顾 not any more = not any longer = no longer 不再 have a cold 感冒 end-of-year exam 年终考试 get nervous 变得紧张 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事（该事未做） forget doing sth. 忘记做某事（该事已做） its + adj. + for sb. + to do sth. 做某事对某人来说（加形容词） context 上下文Reading Strategy(阅读方法)First read for meaning, not for detail. (首先理解文段的大致意思，不在于文段的细节部分。)You can understand the meaning of a word you dont know from the context. (至于不懂的单词，你可以通过上下文来寻找它的正确释义。)Unit 5 If you go to the party, youll have a great time!重点语法：if 引导的条件状语从句结构：主句 + if + 条件状语从句某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做过去发生的动作对现在造成影响例：我已上了三年初中。 I have been in Junior School for 3 years. 自从那次他与我谈过心后，我天天都在进步。 I have been making progress since he talked with me that time.现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式：肯定句例句：I have been skating for five hours.否定句例句：I havent been skating for five hours.一般疑问句例句：Have you been skating for five hours?特殊疑问句例句：How long have you been skating?注意：瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。例句：你借这本书已经多长时间了？ How long have you been keeping this book?重点短语：run out of 用完；用尽 by the way 顺便说说 be interested in doing sth. 对某事感兴趣 more than 比多 far away 在远处 would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事 send sb. sth. = send sth. to sb. 把某物赠送给某人 in fact 实际上 room 房间（用于可数名词）；空间（用于不可数名词） 形容词 的原级、比较级和最高级Reading Strategy(阅读方法)Let your eyes scan the text quickly to find details that youre looking for. (在阅读文章之前，用眼睛“横扫”整篇文章，快速寻找你需要的文章要点。)You can find information quickly without reading the whole text. (这样你就不用细读整篇文章，就能寻找到你需要的一些信息。)Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music?重点语法：mind ones doing sth. 介意（某人）做某事重点短语：not at all 一点也不 turn down 调节使音量变小 right away = in a minute = at once 立刻；马上 wait in line 排队等候 cut in line 插队等候 hasnt = has not keep . down 压低声音；使缓和 at first = first of all 首先 take care 当心；小心 take care of = care about = look after 关心；照顾 break the rule 违规 obey the rule 遵守规定 put out 熄灭 pick sth. up 捡起某物 wait for sb. 等候某人 depend on 依赖；依靠 get back = return 要回 mean meant meant 动词 mean 的原形、过去式和过去分词Reading Strategy(阅读方法)As we read, we need to find topic sentences.(在我们阅读的时候，我们需要寻找“主题语句”，也就是和文章中心最相关的语句。) These sentences usually gives us a summary, or overall meaning of each paragraph and help us understand what the paragraph is about.(这些语句通常会给我们一些文章的“概要”，或者每个文段的全部意思，来帮助我们理解段落大意。(当“主题语句”出现后，该段的一些解释和细节也就会随之出现。)Unit 8 Why dont you get her a scarf?重点语法：询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事 why dont you do sth. = why not do sth. 例句：Why dont you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about 例句：How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls?重点短语：fall asleep 入睡 give away 赠送；分发 hear of = hear about 听说 take an interest in = be interested in 对感兴趣6 / 6