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兰州一中2017-2018-2学期高二年级期末英语试卷说明：本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分120分，考试时间100分钟。答案写在答题卡上，交卷时只交答题卡。第一部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分30分）第一节（共10小题，每小题2分，满分20分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AWere a nation a globe, in fact obsessed with our hair. Analysts estimate the global hair product industry to be worth 22.6 billion, growing at a rate of up to seven percent a year.There seems to be no limit on what well spend to avoid a bad hair day. But for devotees of an underground beauty movement, the secret lies in throwing away the shampoo, in fact all the hair products, for good.The “no-poo” method, which involves using natural substitutes or just water in place of shampoo and conditioner, is supported by several circles.Beauty insiders, including writers for womens magazines and professional hairdressers, speak highly of how hair bees thicker, fuller, softer and brighter.And environmentalists who are mindful of money feel great joy at the lack of chemicals in and on their bodiesnot to mention the impact on their budgets.Now one devotee is hoping to take it mainstream. Lucy Aitken Read, whose book Happy Hair: The definitive guide to giving up shampoo was released last week, hasnt used shampoo for two years and her glowing brown hair is visibly in perfect condition.For her, the motivation came after reading a study that claimed women put 515 chemicals on their bodies daily. “I initially thought Ha! They didnt research me!,” Aitken Read says. “Then I looked at the back of my shampoo bottle and realized there were loads of chemical ponents I didnt recognize in the slightest.”Strangely its oily hair that could benefit the most from giving up shampoo. The theory behind the “no-poo” method is that shampoo removes the hair from its natural oils, which causes the scalp (头皮) to generate more oils to replace them. This results in oil overload oily hairwhich we then attempt to “fix” with more shampoo. Its a vicious (恶性的) circle and quite a brilliant success for the shampoo industry, because the more shampoo you use, the more you need to use and the more frequently you need to use it.Left to its own devices or washed with natural substitutes, the scalp eventually theoretically returns to its natural balance. The result should be healthier hair that is stronger, thicker and fuller as it is less damaged than shampooed hair.1. What can we know from the first paragraph?A. More and more people produce hair products.B. More and more people waste money on their hair.C. More and more hair products are wasted every year.D. More and more hair products are produced every year.2. According to Para 5, environmentalists are in favor of “no-poo” method because _.A. it has the same chemicals as shampoo doesB. it helps reduce their budgets on daily expenses in a wayC. natural substitutes are friendly to the environmentD. they know shampoo has an impact on their health3. What can we learn from Lucys words?A. She didnt realize shampoo contains so many harmful chemicals.B. She didnt realize shampoo contains all the necessary chemicals.C. She couldnt recognize the description on the shampoo bottle.D. She didnt recognize she was quite different from other women.4. What is the main trouble with shampoo?A. It adds more oils to the hair.B. It prevents the scalp producing oils.C. It badly impacts the shampoo industry.D. It makes people addicted to using it more often.【答案】1. D 2. B 3. A 4. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇科教类阅读。文章讲述Lucy Aitken Read在偶然看到一项研究后，决定不再使用洗发水，但头发反而变得更好，指出过度使用洗发水只能造成恶性循环，说明让头发自然恢复平衡或使用天然替代品可以使头发变得更好。【1题详解】推理判断题。答案定位在第一段Analysts estimate the global hair product industry to be worth 22.6 billion, growing at a rate of up to seven percent a year.可知，分析师估计全球的洗发产品产值226亿，而且还在以每年高达7%的速度增加，由此推断出每年，越来越多的洗发产品被生产，故选D。【2题详解】推理判断题。根据第五段And environmentalists who are mindful of money feel great joy at the lack of chemicals in and on their bodiesnot to mention the impact on their budgets.(很在乎金钱的环保主义者对于他们体内及体外没有化学物质感到很开心更别提对于他们预算的影响。)推知，环保人士支持“不用洗发水”是因为这在某种程度上，可以减少日常开支，故选B选项。【3题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第三段的Then I looked at the back of my shampoo bottle and realized there were loads of chemical ponents I didnt recognize in the slightest.（然后我就看了看我洗发水瓶的背面，并且意识到里面装有我之前根本就没有注意到的化学成分。）可知，由此推断出Lucy没有意识到洗发水包含这么多有害的化学品，故选A。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段because the more shampoo you use, the more you need to use and the more frequently you need to use it.(因为你使用的洗发水越多，你就越需要使用，而且越频繁)推知，洗发水的主要问题是“它们使人们会上瘾”，故选D。【点睛】抓住特定信息进行逆向或正向推理。做此类试题要善于抓住某一段话中的关键信息，即某些关键词或短语去分析、推理、判断，利用逆向思维或正面推理，从而推断出这句话所隐含的深层含义。小题2，根据第五段And environmentalists who are mindful of money feel great joy at the lack of chemicals in and on their bodiesnot to mention the impact on their budgets.可知，很在乎金钱的环保主义者对于他们体内及体外没有化学物质感到很开心-更别提对于他们预算的影响由此推断出环保人士支持“不用洗发水”是因为这在某种程度上可以减少日常花费，故选B选项。BAlong with its neighbors, Sweden features near the top of most sex-equality rankings. The World Economic Forum rates it as having one of the narrowest sex gaps in the world. Sweden is not only a good place for a woman, but it appears to be one for new dads. Close to ninety percent of Swedish fathers take paternity leave (陪产假). Last year some 340,000 dads took a total of 12 million days leave, that is, approximately seven weeks each. Women take even more leave days to spend time with their children, but the gap is shrinking. Why do Swedish dads take so much time off work to raise their children?Forty years ago Sweden became the first country in the world to introduce a paid parental-leave allowance. Benefits consisted of ninety percent of wages for 180 days per child, and parents were free to share the days between them in whatever way they pleased. But the policy was hardly a hit with dads: in the policys first year men took only 0.5% of all paid parental leave.Today they take a quarter of it. One reason is that the policy has bee more generous, with the number of paid leave days for the first child increasing from 180 to 480. In 1995 the first so-called “daddy month” was introduced. Under this reform, families in which each parent took at least one month of leave received an additional month to add to their total allowance. The policy was expanded in 2002 so that if the mother and father each took at least two months leave, the family would get two extra months. Some politicians now want to go further, advocating that the present system of shared leave be turned into one of personal rights, under which mothers should be allowed to take only half of the familys allowance, with the rest reserved for fathers.Since Swedish men started to take more responsibility for child upbringing, women have seen both their ines and levels of self-reported happiness increase. Paying dads to change nappies(尿布) and hang out at playgrounds seems to benefit the whole family.5. What can be a suitable title for the passage?A. Swedish Sex Equality B. Swedish Fathers Paternity LeaveC. Swedish New Dad Policy D. Swedish New Fathers Family Role6. Why does Sweden appear a good place for new dads?A. Sweden has the smallest global sex gap.B. They feed their children instead of mothers.C. Most of them are provided with paternity leave.D. Swedish fathers take more leave days than mothers.7. How has the policy changed over time?A. Fathers can have longer paternity leave.B. Paternity leave decreases fathers ines.C. Fathers take more responsibility than mothers.D. Leave days are divided equally between parents.【答案】5. B 6. C 7. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了瑞典一项非常好的福利父亲的陪产假，并对其原因进行了分析。【5题详解】主旨大意题。答案定位在第一段Sweden is not only a good place for a woman, but it appears to be one for new dads. Close to ninety percent of Swedish fathers take paternity leave (陪产假).结合全文内容，可知文章主要讲了瑞典一项非常好的福利父亲的陪产假，故选B。【6题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第一段Sweden is not only a good place for a woman, but it appears to be one for new dads. Close to ninety percent of Swedish fathers take paternity leave (陪产假).可知瑞典看起来对初为人父的人是一个好地方。因为他们大多数人都有陪产假，故选C。【7题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在倒数第二段Under this reform, families in which each parent took at least one month of leave received an additional month to add to their total allowance. The policy was expanded in 2002 so that if the mother and father each took at least two months leave, the family would get two extra months.可知随着时间的过去，父亲们有了更长的陪产假，故选A。CThe following simple exercise routine works as well as prescription medication(处方药) without side effects.A jog a day could keep your headaches at bay; regular cardio workouts(有氧锻炼) may prevent migraines(偏头痛), a growing body of research suggests.Migraine patients had fewer headaches after doing 40-minute cycling workouts three times a week for three months, according to a Swedish study.The exercise routine worked just as well as one of the top migraine-preventing drugstopamirate, but without side effects of depression and tremors(颤抖).“Cardio workouts can help with regular headaches, too,” says Alexander Mauskop, M.D., director of the New York Headache Center in Manhattan.There are a couple of theories on how it works.“Breaking a sweat may relieve stress,” says Dr. Mauskop. Headaches are often triggered by stress, and if you remove the trigger, you release the pain.The feel-good chemicals produced when you exercise actually block your pain sensors, acting as a natural painkiller.Since headaches can be caused by many different factors like genetics, lack of sleep, or certain foods, the cardio workout wont be the solution for everyone, Dr. Mauskop says. But one German study found that it helped 65 percent of patients, which makes it as effective as the best medicines on the market.Dr. Mauskop remends his patients do a half-hour reasonable intensity(强度) cardio workout, like jogging, biking, or swimming three times a week. These workouts are meant to be slow and steady, as opposed to high-intensity intervals that alternate between all-out runs and rest.Pushing yourself too much or increasing the intensity too quickly can trigger headaches in some people, so make sure your heart rate doesnt jump above 150 BPM. If you dont have a heart rate monitor, then breathe only through your nose. Youll know youre going too hard if you cant keep up that breathing pattern.Your migraines could start disappearing in a couple of weeks, Dr. Mauskop says.8. According to the passage, the author may agree that _.A. jogging, swimming and fishing are cardio workouts.B. neither cardio workouts nor topamirate has side effectsC. migraine patients may be cured by regular cardio workoutsD. cardio workouts will be the solution for everyone with migraines9. The underlined word “triggered” in Paragraph 7 can be replaced by _.A. cured B. releasedC. caused D. monitored10. What would be the best title?A. A cure for headaches B. Side effects of migrainesC. The causes of headaches D. Advantages of cardio workouts.【答案】8. C 9. C 10. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一种新的治疗偏头疼的方法定期的有氧运动。【8题详解】细节理解题。答案定位在第二段A jog a day could keep your headaches at bay; regular cardio workouts(有氧锻炼) may prevent migraines(偏头痛), a growing body of research suggests.可知偏头疼的病人有可能被定期的有氧运动治愈，故选C。【9题详解】词义猜测题。答案定位在第七段Headaches are often triggered by stress, and if you remove the trigger, you release the pain.这句话的意思是头疼经常是由压力造成的，如果你去除压力，你就会缓解疼痛，所以“triggered”的意思是造成，A. cured治愈；B. released释放；C. caused造成；D. monitored监控，故选C。【10题详解】主旨大意题。文章介绍了一种新的治疗偏头疼的方法定期的有氧运动，所以这篇文章最好的题目是一种治疗头疼的方法，故选A。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Most students have experienced or suffered from procrastination(拖延症). Here are some tips to help you reduce procrastination.Set goalsStudents often procrastinate because they think that they can put off the work for a while and enjoy their time at the moment. _11_, when the deadline bees one day away and the essay has yet to be started. In order to stay on track, you should constantly set and update goals. It can be beneficial to mark all deadlines in a planner and think about how much time you need to meet them all. Update your plan for the uping two weeks so that you do not get overwhelmed, and continue to update as other assignments and events arise. Additionally, make a daily schedule in order to reach necessary goals before going to bed.Reward yourselfIt can bee extremely difficult to work for hours straight in order to finish schoolwork. In order to keep productivity, set breaks at the end of a period of time or once you finish a section of your work so that you can reward yourself with some deserved, scheduled, and controlled procrastination-like activities. _12_. Breaks like these are proven to increase productivity and keep you focused, and they will make the process of studying much more bearable!Remind yourself of what youre doingSometimes you may begin to think that what you are working on has little to do with what you ultimately want to do. You may consider some work or a class pointless and not useful to your further studies. However, when these thoughts arise, remind yourself what the ultimate goal of your schooling is. Remind yourself why you wanted to go to school and take this program in the first place. _13_.Turn off the Internet_14_. If you do not need the Internet to do your work, turn it off so that you are not receiving notifications while pleting your work, and you are not so tempted to search for sites. The same goes for your cell phone; you can take a break from being connected to the cyber world in order to do your schoolwork. If you feel the need to check messages and websites often, set time when you will allow yourself to do so rather than constantly staying connected._15_Being productive for all hours of every day does not workyou do need breaks, and as a student you are entitled to have a lot of fun. So, in order to balance productivity and amusement, plan time to go out with friends or do something relaxing. But ideally, social and relaxations plans should be made after a significant portion of work is plete. This way, while you are working, you can keep in mind that once you have finished your work you can go out and not worry about your assignments.A. Enjoy every minute in schoolB. Have something to look forward toC. The Internet has bee an essential part of our daily lifeD. You may understand why you should focus on pleting your workE. This thought tends to make things worse, thoughF. Some of the most mon distractions are those found on the InternetG. You may have coffee with a friend, cook, or watch a television show【答案】11. E 12. G 13. D 14. F 15. B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章作者对于如何减少拖延这一问题，给出了自己的一些妙招。【11题详解】上文Students often procrastinate because they think that they can put off the work for a while and enjoy their time at the moment.（学生经常拖延，因为他们认为他们可以暂时推迟工作，享受眼下的时光），下文when the deadline bees one day away and the essay has yet to be started.指出了可能出现的一些糟糕的情况，该空承上启下，E选项“这样的想法会导致事情变得更糟糕”切题，故选E。【12题详解】下文Breaks like these are proven to increase productivity and keep you focused, and they will make the process of studying much more bearable!意思是像这样的休息可以提高生产率，并且让你专心，它们可以让学习的过程更能忍受，所以上文会列举一些具体的休息方法，G选项“你可以和一个朋友喝咖啡，做饭或者看一个电视节目”切题，故选G。【13题详解】上文Remind yourself why you wanted to go to school and take this program in the first place.提醒你自己为什么想去学校，并且把这个项目放在首位，该空与上文相呼应，D选项“你可能会明白你为什么应该集中完成你的工作”切题，故选D。【14题详解】这一段的标题是Turn off the Internet（关掉网络），下文If you do not need the Internet to do your work, turn it off so that you are not receiving notifications while pleting your work, and you are not so tempted to search for sites.(如果你不需要网络，就把它关掉)，故上文会说明开着网络的一些弊端，F选项“最常见的干扰来自网络”，故选F。【15题详解】这一段主要讲了完成一项工作时，要安排一些有趣的放松活动，所以这一段的标题应该是“有所期待”，故选B。第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节：完形填空（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）Skylynn always had a love for reading. For her, stories served as _16_ to new worlds. As she surrounded herself with _17_ tales, Skylynn developed a _18_ for writing as well. Nowadays she can often be found writing stories in her room or _19_ at the library. After being _20_ by her love of reading, she published her own book _21_ Skys the Limit.Skys the Limit is about a little girl who wants to bee a famous playwright and _22_ challenges that e her way by staying _23_ throughout the story. The tale is based on actual _24_ in Skylynns life and Skylynn identifies strongly with the _25_ of her book. In fact, she, too, has been bullied (欺凌) before and laughed at. Sometimes people would claim her dreams were _26_ and she would e home crying. In the end, _27_, just like the little girl in her book, she never let the _28_ stop her.Skylynn stays strong by _29_ herself. Whenever she is feeling down, she tries to think positive thoughts and _30_ herself with positive people. Her mother tells her that this “waterfall of positive attitudes” can _31_ the bulling. By believing in herself and others, Skylyn _32_ blocks out the voices of intimidators (威吓者).She hopes that her story will inspire _33_ to develop the same belief in themselves. In Skylynns opinion, everyone has the capability to _34_ that which they put their mind to. Dreams can be reached if we are willing to _35_ them. As for Skylynn, her happiness as a result of the process proves how meaningful pursuing dreams can be.16. A. pictures B. actions C. tickets D. devotions17. A. magical B. childish C. long D. plicated18. A. regret B. method C. power D. trend19. A. sometimes B. seldom C. always D. never20. A. disappointed B. instructed C. inspired D. moved21. A. renamed B. given C. underlined D. titled22. A. overes B. avoids C. suggests D. keeps23. A. kind B. positive C. awake D. healthy24. A. opinions B. plans C. events D. opportunities25. A. heroine B. plots C. lines D. construction26. A. boring B. interesting C. wonderful D. unrealistic27. A. therefore B. then C. though D. still28. A. work B. darkness C. distance D. story29. A. believing in B. referring to C. attending to D. pointing at30. A. hide B. blame C. follow D. surround31. A. match B. conquer C. lose D. examine32. A. slightly B. firstly C. successfully D. hardly33. A. readers B. writers C. girls D. students34. A. introduce B. acknowledge C. copy D. acplish35. A. remember B. chase C. admire D. value【答案】16. C 17. A 18. D 19. A 20. C 21. D 22. A 23. B 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. B 29. A 30. D 31. B 32. C 33. A 34. D 35. B【解析】这是一篇人物类阅读。文章介绍了Skylynn，正如她所创造的故事中的人物一样坚强、乐观。Skylynn希望自己的故事能够鼓励读者形成同样的信仰。每个人都有能力完成他们用心做的事情。如果我们愿意去追逐梦想，梦想就会被实现。【16题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：对于她来说，故事是通往新世界的车票。A. pictures图片； B. actions行动； C. tickets车票；D. devotions奉献，故选C。【17题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：当她自己被神奇的故事包围时，Skylynn 也养成了想要写作的趋势。A. magical神奇的；B. childish幼稚的；C. long长的；D. plicated复杂的，故选A。【18题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：当她自己被神奇的故事包围时，Skylynn 也养成了想要写作的趋势。A. regret后悔；B. method方法；C. power力量；D. trend趋势，故选D。【19题详解】考查副词辨析。句意：现在她经常被发现在自己的房间写故事，或者有时候在图书馆。A. sometimes有时；B. seldom很少；C. always总是；D. never决不，故选A。【20题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：被她阅读的爱好所鼓舞，她出版了她自己的书，标题是Skys the Limit。A. disappointed失望；B. instructed说明；C. inspired鼓舞；D. moved移动，故选C。【21题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：被她阅读的爱好所鼓舞，她出版了她自己的书，标题是Skys the Limit。A. renamed改名；B. given给；C. underlined下划线；D. titled加标题于，故选D。【22题详解】考查动词辨析。句意：Skys the Limit讲了一个想要成为伟大的剧作家的小女孩儿，在故事中自始至终保持积极，克服路上的各种挑战。A. overes克服； B. avoids避免；C. suggests建议；D. keeps保持，故选A。【23题详解】考查形容词辨析。句意：Skys the Limit讲了一个想要成为伟大的剧作家的小女孩儿，在故事中自始至终保持积极，克服路上的各种挑战。A. kind和蔼的；B. positive积极的；C. awake醒着的；D. healthy健康的，故选B。【24题详解】考查名词辨析。句意：这个故事是以Skylynn生活中的真实事件为基础的。 A. opinions意见；B. plans计划；C. events事件；D. opportunities机会，故选C。【25题详解】考查名词辨析。在Skylynn的书中，她强烈地
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