2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题三 阅读理解.doc

2019-2020年高考英语二轮复习 题型技法指导专题三 阅读理解真题试做A（xx广东高考）“Have a nice day！”may be a pleasant gesture or a meaningless expression.When my friend Maxie says “Have a nice day”with a smile，I know she sincerely cares about what happens to me.I feel loved and secure since another person cares about me and wishes me well.“Have a nice day.Next！” This version of the expression is spoken by a salesgirl at the supermarket who is rushing me and my groceries out the door.The words e out in the same tone（腔调）with a fixed procedure.They_are_spoken_at_me，not_to_me.Obviously，the concern for my day and everyone elses is the managements attempt to increase business.The expression is one of those behaviors that help people get along with each other.Sometimes it indicates the end of a meeting.As soon as you hear it，you know the meeting is at an end.Sometimes the expression saves us when we dont know what to say.“Oh，you just had a tooth out？Im terribly sorry，but have a nice day.”The expression can be pleasant.If a stranger says “Have a nice day”to you，you may find it heartwarming because someone you dont know has tried to be nice to you.Although the use of the expression is an insincere，meaningless social custom at times，there is nothing wrong with the sentence except that it is a little uninteresting.The salesgirl，the waitress，the teacher，and all the countless others who speak it without thinking may not really care about my day.But in a strange and fortable way，its nice to know they care enough to pretend they care when they really dont care all that much.While the expression may not often be sincere，it is always spoken.The point is that people say it all the time when they like.1How does the author understand Maxies words?AMaxie shows her anxiety to the author.BMaxie really wishes the author a good day.CMaxie encourages the author to stay happy.DMaxie really worries about the authors security.2What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 mean?AThe salesgril is rude.BThe salesgril is bored.CThe salesgirl cares about me.DThe salesgirl says the words as a routine.3By saying “Have a nice day，” a stranger may _.Atry to be polite to youBexpress respect to youCgive his blessing to youDshare his pleasure with you4According to the last paragraph，people say “Have a nice day” _.AsincerelyBas thanksCas a habitDencouragingly5What is the best title of the passage?AHave a Nice Day a Social CustomBHave a Nice Day a Pleasant GestureCHave a Nice Day a Heartwarming GreetingDHave a Nice Day a Polite Ending of a ConversationBI have been consistently opposed to feeding a baby regularly.As a doctor，mother and scientist in child development I believe there is nothing to remend it，from the babys point of view.Mothers，doctors and nurses alike have no idea of where a babys blood sugar level lies.All we know is that a low level is harmful to brain development and makes a baby easily annoyed.In this state，the baby is difficult to calm down and sleep is impossible.The baby asks for attention by crying and searching for food with its mouth.It is not just unkind but also dangerous to say a fourhourly feeding schedule will make a baby satisfied.The first of the experts to advocate a strict clockwatching schedule was Dr Frederic Truby King who was against feeding in the night.Ive never heard anything so ridiculous.Baby feeding shouldnt follow a timetable set by the mum.What is important is feeding a baby in the best way，though it may cause some inconvenience in the first few weeks.Well，at last we have copperbottomed research that supports demand feeding and points out the weaknesses of strictly timed feeding.The research finds out that babies who are fed on demand do better at school at age 5,7,11 and 14，than babies fed according to the clock.By the age of 8，their IQ(智商)scores are four to five percent higher than babies fed by a rigid timetable.This research es from Oxford and Essex University using a sample(样本)of 10,419 children born in the early 1990s，taking account of parental education，family ine，a childs sex and age，the mothers health and feeding style.These results dont surprise me.Feeding according to schedule runs the risk of harming the rapidly growing brain by taking no account of sinking blood sugar levels.I hope this research will put an end to advocating strictly timed baby feeding practices.6According to Paragraph 2，one reason why a baby cries is that it feels _.Asick Bupset Csleepy Dhungry7What does the author think about Dr King?AHe is strict.BHe is unkind.CHe has the wrong idea.DHe sets a timetable for mothers.8The word copperbottomed in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to _.Abasic BreliableCsurprising Dinteresting9What does the research tell us about feeding a baby on demand?AThe baby will sleep well.BThe baby will have its brain harmed.CThe baby will have a low blood sugar level.DThe baby will grow to be wiser by the age of 8.10The author supports feeding the baby _.Ain the nightBevery four hoursCwhenever it wants foodDaccording to its blood sugar levelCI was blind，but I was ashamed of it if it was known.I refused to use a white stick and hated asking for help.After all，I was a teenage girl，and I couldnt bear people to look at me and think I was not like them.I must have been a terrible danger on the roadsing across me wandering through the traffic，motorists probably would have to step rapidly on their brakes.Apart from that，there were all sorts of disasters that used to occur on the way to and from work.One evening，I got off the bus about halfway home where I had to change buses，and as usual I ran into something.“Im awfully sorry，”I said and stepped forward only to run into it again.When it happened a third time，I realized I had been apologizing to a lamppost.This was just one of the stupid things that constantly happened to me.So I carried on and found the bus stop，which was a request stop，where the bus wouldnt stop unless passengers wanted to get on or off.No one else was there and I had to try to guess if the bus had arrived.Generally in this situation，because I hated showing I was blind by asking for help，I tried to guess at the sound.Sometimes I would stop a big lorry and stand there feeling stupid as it drew away.In the end，I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.But on this particular evening no one joined me at the stop；it seemed that everyone had suddenly decided not to travel by bus.Of course I heard plenty of buses pass，or I thought I did.But because I had given up stopping them for fear of making a fool of myself，I let them all go by.I stood there alone for half an hour without stopping one.Then I gave up.I decided to walk on to the next stop.11The girl refused to ask for help because she thought _.Ashe might be recognizedBasking for help looked sillyCshe was normal and independentDbeing found blind was embarrassing12After the girl got off the bus that evening，she_.Abegan to runBhit a person as usualChit a lamppost by accidentDwas caught by something13At the request stop that evening，the girl _.Astopped a big lorryBstopped the wrong busCmade no attempt to stop the busDwas not noticed by other people14What was the problem with guessing at the sound to stop a bus?AOther vehicles also stopped there.BIt was unreliable for making judgments.CMore lorries than buses responded to the girl.DIt took too much time for the girl to catch the bus.15Finally the girl decided to walk to the next stop，hoping _.Ato find people thereBto find more buses thereCto find the bus by herself thereDto find people more helpful thereDSaturday and Sunday afternoonsthe slowest time periods of the week for general television viewing.Sport events are the most popular weekend programs，especially among male viewers who may not watch much television at other times during the week.This means the television networks are able to sell advertising time at relatively high prices during what normally would be dead time for programming.Media corporations also use sports to attract mercial sponsors that might take their advertising dollars elsewhere if television stations did not report certain sports.The people in the advertising departments of major corporations realize that sports attract male viewers.They also realize that most business travelers are men and that many men make family decisions on the purchases of puters，cars and life insurance.Golf and tennis are special cases for television programming.These sports attract few viewers，and the ratings（收视率）are unusually low.However，the audience for these sports is attractive to certain advertisers.It is made up of people from the highest ine groups in the United States，including many lawyers and business managers.This is why television reporting of golf and tennis is sponsored by panies selling highpriced cars，business and personal puters，and holiday trips.This is also why the networks continue to carry these programs regardless of low ratings.Advertisers are willing to pay high fees to reach highine consumers and those managers who make decisions to buy thousands of “pany cars” and puters.With such viewers，these programs dont need high ratings to stay on the air.16Television sport programs on weekend afternoons _.Aresult in more sport eventsBget more viewers to play sportsCmake more people interested in televisionDbring more money to the television networks17Why would weekend afternoons bee dead time without sport programs?ABecause there would be few viewers.BBecause the advertisers would be off work.CBecause television programs would go slowly.DBecause viewers would pay less for watching television.18In many families，men make decisions on _.Aholiday trips Bsports viewingCtelevision shopping Dexpensive purchases19The ratings are not important for golf and tennis programs because _.Atheir advertisers are carmakersBtheir viewers are attracted by sportsCtheir advertisers target at rich peopleDtheir viewers can afford expensive cars20What is the passage mainly about?ATelevision ratings are determined by male viewers.BRich viewers contribute most to television panies.CSports are gaining importance in advertising on television.Dmercial advertisers are the major sponsors of sport events.考向分析一、分析近几年高考阅读理解题可知其呈现如下特点：1体裁多样，题材广泛短文基本都会包含记叙文、议论文和说明文。因此本书也会引导考生弄清各种体裁的特点，掌握其阅读方法。同时，近几年的高考阅读涉及了广泛的题材，如社会生活、学校生活、环境问题、个人经历和情感、科学等。2词汇量大，阅读比例加大近几年高考阅读理解词数一般在300400词之间，词汇量大，且从xx年起广东省阅读理解题由原来的3篇增加到4篇。短文长度基本不变，但整体阅读量明显增加。二、考点及考纲要求：英语考试大纲规定：要求考生能读懂公告、说明、广告及书、报、杂志中关于一般性话题的简短文章。具体包括以下6点：1理解主旨和要义；2理解文中具体信息；3根据上下文推断生词的词义；4作出简单判断和推理；5理解文章的基本结构；6理解作者的意图、观点和态度。特别提示：（1）在历年高考中，要求考生“理解文中具体信息”，即细节理解题所占比例最大。（2）以上1、2、3、4、6五项考纲要求在试题中的具体体现，我们在本书中分别称为主旨大意题、细节理解题、词义猜测题和推理判断题。答题步骤一、掌握三种有效的阅读方法1略读（skimming）：即快速浏览文章的标题，首段或尾段，每段的首尾句以及表示句、段关系的连接性词语等重要部分，达到了解文章大意或中心思想的目的。2寻读（scanning）：即带着问题或者关键词进行快速阅读，以最快速度寻找所需信息。3细读（careful reading）：即在略读和寻读之后，考生能基本了解文章大意和相关信息范围，这时在相关范围内逐字逐句地仔细阅读，并通过分析、综合、比较、联想等方法，结合相关常识或经验进行推理判断。二、由于个人情况不一样，解题的顺序也会有所差异，有人喜欢先看题再阅读，有人喜欢先阅读再看题。以下推荐5个步骤：1略读文章，了解文章大意及各段大意；2阅读题干及各选项，了解考查的内容；3带着问题或关键词用寻读法到文中找到相关句、段；4细读相关句、段进行推理判断，得出答案；5复读检查，验证答案，尤其对把握不大的题目。规律方法一、细节理解题1细节理解题常见的命题方式有以下几种：（1）Which of the following is NOT included/mentioned in the passage?（2）Which of the following （sentences/statements）is NOT true according to the passage?（3）According to the passage，all of the following are TRUE except/but _.（4）The author mentions all of the following EXCEPT _.（5）In the passage，the author states that _.（6）According to the passage，when （where，why，how，who，etc.）.（7）Choose the right order of the events given in the passage.（8）Which of the following maps/diagrams gives the right position of.?（9）Which of the drawings below gives an idea of what.is like?2解题方法细节理解题设题时为了避免出现原文中所用的词汇，常常用一些同义词，近义词或反义词（双重否定）。因而在解题时要注意语意转换。（1）设题之顺序原则：一般来说，题序与其相关信息在文中的顺序一致，如某题的答案信息往往会在下一小题的答案信息之前。（2）了解干扰项设置，主要有以下5种设置：正误并存：部分正确，部分错误。扩大或缩小范围：是原文信息，但不是题干要求的信息。偷换概念：符合常识，但不是文章的内容。以偏概全：与原句的内容极其相似，但在程度、态度、褒贬色彩上有变动。无中生有：明显不是文章的信息，与文章事实不符或相反。（3）具体的解题步骤首先，迅速定位，缩小范围：通过寻读法（scanning），用题干中的关键词在文中搜索，迅速确定相关词句或信息点所在的位置，缩小阅读范围。题干中可用来在文中搜索的关键词可能是专有名词、数词、实体名词，以及这些词的同义表达等。其次，理解其意，对照选项：在找到关键词句后，要仔细阅读，准确理解，对照选项，看哪个选项的意思与之最接近。最后，排除干扰，选出答案。在作出选择的过程中，要善于辨别真伪，排除干扰，不断缩小范围，选出正确答案，这就是我们常说的排除法。（4）特别提示留意否定词，如果题干中含有否定意义的词，如NOT，EXCEPT等，应特别留心。巧解排序题。采用“首尾定位法”，即先找到第一个动作和最后一个动作，缩小范围以便能迅速选出正确答案。3真题演练【例题】（xx全国高考，C篇）Facial expressions carry meaning that is determined by situations and relationships.For example，in American culture（文化）the smile is in general an expression of pleasure.Yet it also has other uses.A womans smile at a police officer does not carry the same meaning as the smile she gives to a young child.A smile may show love or politeness.It can also hide true feelings.It often causes confusion（困惑）across cultures.For example，many people in Russia consider smiling at strangers in public to be unusual and even improper.Yet many Americans smile freely at strangers in public places（although this is less mon in big cities）.Some Russians believe that Americans smile in the wrong places；some Americans believe that Russians dont smile enough.In Southeast Asian cultures，a smile is frequently used to cover painful feelings.Vietnamese people may tell a sad story but end the story with a smile.49What does the smile usually mean in the U.S.?ALove. BPoliteness.CJoy. DThankfulness.解题指导：细节理解题。由第一段第二句可知，在美国文化中，微笑通常是一种高兴的表示。由此可知，在美国微笑通常意味着高兴。故选C项。答案：C二、主旨大意题文章都有主旨大意，迅速抓住文章或段落的主旨大意极其重要。主旨大意题包括两种：主题类试题和标题类试题。第一类：主题类试题1常见的设问方式（1）The main idea/（central idea）of the passage is _.（2）The passage is mainly about _.（3）The passage mainly discusses _.（4）The passage is concerned primarily about _.（5）Which of the following statements can best summarize/sum up the main idea of the passage?（6）Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?（7）What is the passage mainly about?2解题方法找到主题句是解题的关键，通过略读法搜寻各段主题句。主题句一般在文首、文末或首尾呼应；有时在文中；也有可能没有主题句。需要根据所述内容进行归纳，寻找主题句应注意以下四点：作者有意识地反复重复的观点通常是主旨大意。反复出现的词语一般是体现主旨的关键词。段落中出现转折时，该句极可能是主题句。首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答很可能是主旨大意。以下文字提示，如therefore，but，however，thus，in fact，in short等之后的内容很可能就是文章主旨。当然，具体选择时要仔细推敲各个选项，排除错误选项，从而选出最佳答案。错误选项具有以下特点：概括不够（多表现为部分代整体，从而导致不能全面概括文章大意）；过度概括（多表现为标题概括内容超出了文章大意）；以事实、细节替代抽象、具体的大意。3真题演练【例1】（xx浙江高考，C篇）Two friends have an argument that breaks up their friendship forever，even though neither one can remember how the whole thing got started.Such sad events happen over and over in high schools across the country.In fact，according to an official report on youth violence，“In our country today，the greatest threat to the lives of children and adolescents is not disease or starvation or abandonment，but the terrible reality of violence”.Given that this is the case，why arent students taught to manage conflict the way they are taught to solve math problems，drive cars，or stay physically fit?50This article is mainly about _.Athe lives of school childrenBthe cause of arguments in schoolsChow to analyze youth violenceDhow to deal with school conflicts解题指导：主旨大意题。通读全文内容可知，文章主要论述的是如何解决校园里发生的矛盾和冲突的问题。答案：D【例2】（xx全国新课标，D篇）Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.A man who has not had a chance to go swimming for years can still swim as well as ever when he gets back in the water.He can get on a bicycle after many years and still ride away.He can play catch and hit a ball as well as his son.A mother who has not thought about the words for years can teach her daughter the poem that begins “Twinkle，twinkle，little star” or remember the story of Cinderella or Goldilocks and the Three Bears.67What is the main idea of Paragraph 1?APeople remember well what they learned in childhood.BChildren have a better memory than grownups.CPoem reading is a good way to learn words.DStories for children are easy to remember.解题指导：根据文章第一段的“Grownups are often surprised by how well they remember something they learned as children but have never practiced ever since.”可知，文章讲的是成年人常常惊叹他们非常好地记着儿时学过的东西。C、D两项断章取义，讲得太具体，B项错误，因为那是过度学习的结果，不是儿时记忆力好。所以A项正确。答案：A【例3】（xx安徽高考，C篇）They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives.If one falls，the other is there to catch him.“Your partner can save your lifeyou can save your partners life，” Wellman said as the pair received congratulations from friends.“There are real close ties.”67The main idea of the text is that_.Atwo heads are better than oneBfriendship is precious in lifeCthe disabled should never give upDa man can be destroyed but cannot be defeated解题指导：主旨大意题。由上述第一段“They are the sort of friends who are so close they trust each other with their lives.If one falls，the other is there to catch him.”以及整篇文章所描述的二人之间的友谊可总结出，B项符合题意。答案：B第二类：标题类试题1常见的设问方式（1）The best title for the passage might be _.（2）The best title for the passage would be _.（3）Which of the following titles best summarizes the main idea of the passage?2解题方法一个好的标题应具备以下3个特点：概括性，即凝练，准确而又简短；针对性，即标题外延正好与文章内容相符；醒目性，即新颖奇特，能引发读者的阅读欲望。因此有必要掌握以下三种方法：正面肯定法：在理解文章主旨的基础上，揣摩哪个选项能准确概括主旨。反面否定法：撇开原文，拿各个备选项去尝试用它们写出来的“文章”将是什么内容，然后和原文章对照，一一排除荒谬选项。研究备选项本身：研究备选项里面的中心词、修饰词的变化、结构、新奇性、概括性等。文章的标题应该新颖奇特，以激发读者的好奇心，吸引读者的注意力。3真题演练【例1】（xx全国新课标，B篇）Honey（蜂蜜）from the African forest is not only a kind of natural sugar，it is also delicious.Most people，and many animals，like eating it.However，the only way for them to get that honey is to find a wild bees nest and take the honey from it.Often，these nests are high up in trees，and it is difficult to find them.In parts of Africa，though，people and animals looking for honey have a strange and unexpected helpera little bird called a honey guide.The honey guide does not actually like honey，but it does like the wax in the beehives（蜂房）.The little bird cannot reach this wax，which is deep inside the bees nest.So，when it finds a suitable nest，it looks for someone to help it.The honey guide gives a loud cry that attracts the attention of both passing animals and people.Once it has their attention，it flies through the forest，waiting from time to time for the curious animal or person as it leads them to the nest.When they finally arrive at the nest，the_follower reaches in to get at the delicious honey as the bird patiently waits and watches.Some of the honey，and the wax，always falls to the ground，and this is when the honey guide takes its share.Scientists do not know why the honey guide likes eating the wax，but it is very determined in its efforts to get it.The birds seem to be able to smell wax from a long distance away.They will quickly arrive whenever a beekeeper is taking honey from his beehives，and will even enter churches when beeswax candles are being lit.63What can be the best title for the text?AWild BeesBBeekeeping in AfricaCWax and HoneyDHoneyLovers Helper解题指导：主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了能够作为蜂蜜向导的小鸟儿，所以标题应为HoneyLovers Helper。答案：D【例2】（xx安徽高考，B篇）Why is pink or purple a color for girls and blue or brown for boys?The answer depends largely on cultural values as well as personal experiences.To the Egyptians，green was a color that represented the hope and joy of spring，while for Muslims，it means heaven.Red is a symbol of good luck in many cultures.In China，children are given money in a r