2019高考英语 阅读理解(学校生活)(含解析).doc

2019高考英语 阅读理解(学校生活)(含解析)【话题导读】 每个人都有自己的梦想，认定梦想并付诸行动，梦想就会变得神圣。请你相信梦想只要能持久，就能成为现实。做你梦想做的事吧，从现在开始为梦想而拼搏，成功就在不远处。 Let dream fly When Larry Walters was a child, his dream was unusual: He wanted to fly. What was unusual was the way his dream came true. After finishing school, Larry joined the U.S. Air Force, but he couldnt get flying practice because he couldnt see clearly. However, he never gave up his dream. Larry, aged 33, was not a pilot, but a driver in Los Angeles. One day, while sitting in his chair in his garden, Larry had a strange idea. As he watched weather ballons fly overhead, he decided to use weather balloons to fly.A few weeks later, Larry bought 42 one-meter diameter weather balloons. He tied them to a chair and filled them with helium. Then he sat down in the chair with some beer, sandwiches, and a BB gun. Larrys plan was to fly about 10 meters above his backyard, enjoy a few hours in the air, and then shoot some balloons with his gun to get back down. But things did not go according to Larrys plan. When his friends cut the rope, Larry, lifted by the 42 balloons and flew into the high sky quickly. He finally stayed at an altitude of 4,000 meters. Afraid to shoot some balloons, the balance of his “craft” would lose”. Larry sat, cold and frightened, in the sky with his beer and sandwiches for 14 hours. Larrys stay in the skies caused many planes to change their routes. Finally, Larry had to shoot a few balloons and slowly get back down, landing in power lines. Finally, he climbed down safely and was caught by waiting police.When asked by a reporter why he had done it, Larry answered, a man just cant sit around. Larry achieved his dream, and set a record for a gas-filled balloon flight. But he had to hand in $1,500 for breaking air safety rules. 当拉里沃尔特是个孩子时，他的梦想是不寻常的：他想飞。然而不寻常的是他实现梦想的方式。从学校毕业后，拉里就加入美国空军，但由于视力不佳他未能参加飞行训练。尽管如此，他从未放弃他的梦想。33岁的拉里不是一名飞行员，而是洛杉矶的一名司机。一天，当拉里坐在花园的椅上时，突然有了一个奇怪的想法。当他看到气象探测气球从头顶飞过，他决定用气象探测气球来飞行。 几个星期后，拉里买了42个直径为1米的气象探测气球。他把气球绑在椅子上并充满氦气。然后，他坐在椅子上，带了一些啤酒，三明治和一支BB枪。拉里计划在他家后院飞上10米左右的位置，好好在空中享受几小时，然后用枪击破一些气球就可以回到地面。但事情并不是按拉里预期的进行。当朋友们切断绳子，拉里就被42个气球拉起，并快速地飞向高空。最后他停在海拔4000米的高度上。担心击破一些气球会使他的“飞行器”失去平衡，拉里又冷又怕,与他的啤酒和三明治在空中坐了14个小时。 拉里停留在空中迫使许多飞机改变航线。最终他不得不击破了几个气球慢慢地下降，停在电线上。最后，拉里安全地爬了下来，随即被等候的警方逮捕了。 当记者问他为什么会那样做，拉里答道：“一个人只是不能坐等。”拉里实现了梦想，而且创造了一项以充气气球飞行的记录。但他因违反空中安全条例不得不上交1500美金的罚款。重点单词：1. ballon b:lu n.气球 2. helium hi:lim n.氦 3. gun n n. 枪支 4. altitude ltitju:d n.海拔 5. power pau n.电源精彩短语 / 亮点句式：2.As he watched weather ballons fly overhead, he decided to use weather balloons to fly.当他看到气象探测气球从头顶飞过，他决定用气象探测气球来飞行。 句中as意为“当的时候”，在此引导时间状语从句，主从句的动作同时发生，主要表示主句动作发生的背景和条件时，只可以用as引导。3.When his friends cut the rope, Larry was lifted by the 42 balloons and flew into the high sky quickly.当朋友们切断绳子，拉里就被42个气球拉起，并快速地飞向高空。此句是含when引导的时间状语从句,主句又是由and连接的两个并列句，第一个分句是过去时态的被动语态。练习：1. The atmosphere gets thinner and thinner _ the height increasesA. as B. when C. while D. With2. What does Larry do?答案：1. 句意：随着高度的增加，大气越来越稀薄。高度的增加是大气变得稀薄的条件，故选A。2. A driver. 学校生活是高中英语课程标准的话题之一，使学生最熟悉的话题。该话题包括学生在校学习的课程，学校、班级或学生会等举行的各项比赛或课外活动，包括聚会、野餐、烧烤、春游等课外活动；也包括学生的穿着、发型，还包括预习、复习、讨论、归纳等学习活动或教师的教学方法等。 因为学校生活是学生熟悉的话题，因此高考英语中通常会涉及这一话题，在阅读理解、完形填空、语法填空、书面表达等题型中经常出现。因此关注学校生活的相关文章，从容应对高考。学校生活相关词语类别词语School organizationstate school， private school， library， labortory, dormitory, gym, scholarship,course, pulary, cover, the same as, be divided by, start, finish, asasPeopleTeaching method: nothing like that of, speak a lot, makelively, improve writing and spelling;Characters: be strict with; be serious about; be particular with; organized; encouragement;Classmates:Interesting; fun; lively; engergetic; clever; smart; intelligent; popular; Shy; nervious; embarrassed; foolish; stupid; silly;SubjectsChinese; English; Politics; history; geograph;, maths; pahsics; chemistry; biology; music; art; IT Attitudebe interested in; be enthusiastic about; crazy; anxious; mad, wild, serious, bored, tired, amazed, disappointed, be impressed with, look forward to, prefer to, Interestwear school unionform, school identify card, discipline, respect, look up to, on time, necessaryExperimentssolid, liquid, substance, aim, add to, float, equipment, form, oxygen, steam, a quarter, draw a conclusion, bottomOpinionsIts a great pity that, as far as I know, in my opinion, as for me, I find it strange/interesting/amazing to, as a result.Activitiesoutdoor activities, photograph, look back on, have fun, elect, work as, build up, I阅读理解阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AFive years ago, when I taught art at a school in Seattle, I used Tinkertoys as a test at the beginning of a term to find out something about my students. I put a small set of Tinkertoys in front of each student, and said: Make something out of the Tinkertoys. You have 45 minutes today and 45 minutes each day for the rest of the week.A few students hesitated to start. They waited to see what the rest of the class would do. Several others checked the instructions and made something according to one of the model plans provided. Another group built something out of their own imaginations.Once I had a boy who worked experimentally with Tinkertoys in his free time. His constructions filled a shelf in the art classroom and a good part of his bedroom at home. I was delighted at the presence of such a student. Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work. His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class whose creativity would infect(感染)other students.Encouraging this kind of thinking has a downside. I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking. Without fail one would declare, But Im just not creative.Do you dream at night when youre asleep?Oh, sure.So tell me one of your most interesting dreams. The student would tell something wildly imaginative. Flying in the sky or in a time machine or growing three heads. Thats pretty creative. Who does that for you?Nobody. I do it.Really at night, when youre asleep?Sure.Try doing it in the daytime, in class, okay?1.The teacher used Tinkertoys in class in order to .A. know more about the studentsB. make the lessons more excitingC. raise the students interest in artD. teach the students about toy design2.What do we know about the boy mentioned in Paragraph 3?A. He liked to help his teacher.B. He preferred to study alone.C. He was active in class.D. He was imaginative.3.What does the underlined word downside in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A. Mistake.B. Drawback.C. Difficulty.D. Burden.4.Why did the teacher ask the students to talk about their dreams?A. To help them to see their creativity.B. To find out about their sleeping habits.C. To help them to improve their memory.D. To find out about their ways of thinking.BIn 1959, when Jean Harper was in the third grade, her teacher gave the class an assignment to write a report on what they wanted to be when they grew up.Jeans father was a crop dusting pilot in the little farming munity in Northern California where she was raised, and Jean was very interested in airplanes and flying. She poured her heart into her report and included all of her dreams. She wanted to be a crop dusting pilot, make parachute jumps(跳伞), and be an airline pilot. Her paper came back with an F on it. The teacher told her it was a fairy tale and that none of the occupations she listed were womens jobs. Jean was devastated and humiliated.One day in her senior year of high school, her English teacher Mrs Dorothy Slaton gave the class an assignment. If you had unlimited money, unlimited access to the finest schools, and unlimited talents and abilities, what would you do? Jean felt a rush of her old enthusiasm, and with excitement she wrote down all her old dreams. The teacher leaned forward over her desk and said, You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you dont go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough.The hurt and fear of years of discouragement went away because of what Mrs Slaton had said. Jean felt excited and a little scared. She stayed after class and went up to the teachers desk. Jean thanked Mrs Slaton and told her about her dream of being a pilot. Mrs Slaton half rose and slapped the desk top. Then do it! she said.So Jean did. It didnt happen overnight. It took her 10 years of hard work. It wasnt in Jeans nature to stand up for herself when someone refused or humiliated her. Instead, she would quietly try to find another way.She became a private pilot and then flew planes as a co-pilot (副驾驶员). In 1978, she became one of the first three female pilot trainees ever accepted by United Airlines and one of the only 50 women airline pilots in the nation at that time. Some years later, Jean Harper became a Boeing 737 captain for United Airlines.1.When Jean Harper was in the third grade, _.A.it was mon for women to be airline pilotsB. her father advised her to be a pilot like him in the futureC. she was unsure about what she wanted to be when she grew upD. she was deeply hurt by her teachers ment on her dreams2.What was Mrs Slatons reaction when she learned about Jean Harpers dream?A. Encouraging Jean to do what she wanted to.B. Offering Jean as much help as she could.C. Persuading Jean to give up her dream.D. Making Jean aware of all the possible difficulties.3.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. How Jean Harper achieved her flying dream.B. Jean Harpers great achievements in flying.C. The hardships Jean Harper experienced when trying to be a pilot.D. Jean Harpers determination to pursue her dream.4.What gave Jean Harper enough strength and faith to pursue her dream?A. Her fathers influence on her.B. Mrs Slatons support.C. Her decision to stand up for herself.D.A teachers humiliation when she was in the third grade.CGetting less sleep has bee a bad habit for most American kids. According to a new survey(调查)by the National Sleep Foundation, 51% of kids aged 10 to 18 go to bed at 10 pm or later on school nights, even though they have to get up early. Last year the Foundation reported that nearly 60% of 7- to 12-year-olds said they felt tired during the day, and 15% said they had fallen asleep at school.How much sleep you need depends a lot on your age. Babies need a lot of rest； most of them sleep about 18 hours a day! Adults need about eight hours. For most school-age children, ten hours is ideal(理想的). But the new National Sleep Foundation survey found that 35% of 10- to 12-year-olds get only seven or eight hours. And guess what almost half of the surveyed kids said they do before bedtime? Watch TV.More children are going to bed with TVs on, and there are more opportunities(机会)to stay awake, with more homework, the Internet and the phone, says Dr. Mary Carskadon, a sleep researcher at Brown University Medical School. She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep. Other experts say part of the problem is chemical. Changing levels of body chemicals called hormones not only make teenagers bodies develop adult characteristics, but also make it hard for teenagers to fall asleep before 11 pm.Because sleepiness is such a problem for teenagers, some school districts have decided to start high school classes later than they used to. Three years ago, schools in Edina, Minnesota, changed the start time from 7:25 am to 8:30 am. Students, parents and teachers are pleased with the results.1.What is the new National Sleep Foundation survey on?A. American kids sleeping habits.B. Teenagers sleep-related diseases.C. Activities to prevent sleeplessness.D. Learning problems and lack of sleep.2.How many hours of sleep do 11-year-olds need every day?A.7 hours.B.8 hours.C.10 hours.D.18 hours.3.Why do teenagers go to sleep late according to Carskadon?A. They are affected by certain body chemicals.B. They tend to do things that excite them.C. They follow their parents examples.D. They dont need to go to school early.DSchools across the world are trying to e up with solutions to keep students active. Some are replacing traditional classroom chairs with exercise balls or standing desks. At Ward Elementary School in Winston, North Carolina students have adopted a new program that requires riding fixed bikes while reading.Read and Ride is the creation of school counselor Scott Ertl, who came up with the idea while he was exercising and reading at the gym. Believing it would be a fun way to convince students to bee more active, he placed one in the corner of his classroom and encouraged them to use it during independent reading classes.It was so popular that Ertl decided to add more bikes and offer the Read and Ride program to the entire school. Today Ward Elementary has a dedicated exercise room filled with bikes that can be used by students while pleting their daily reading assignments.Besides making reading more fun, the program also helps students exercise at a fortable pace without the pressure that es with regular sports-related activities. It is also a perfect way to release energy during days when the weather is not helpful to outdoor activities.Most importantly, however, are the programs academic benefits. A year after Read and Ride was introduced at Ward Elementary School, students actively involved in the program demonstrated an astonishing 83% reading proficiency. Those that had not taken advantage of the exercise bikes tested at a much lower, 41%.Though the substantial improvement in academic achievement cannot all be attributed to programs like Read and Ride, experts believe they are a significant contributor. Thats because studies have shown that physical activity stimulates(刺激) brain cells and helps prepare it for learning. As word of the difference made by this easy to execute exercise program spreads, dont be surprised to find schools across the country adopt Read and Ride for their students.1.What is the new program at Ward Elementary School?A. Kids ride bikes as they read.B. Kids excise balls and read at the gym.C. Kids sit at desks for long while reading.D. Kids do outdoor activities during lessons.2.How do the students at Ward Elementary School benefit from the program?A. They exercise with high pressure.B. They feel reading fun and learn better.C. They improve their sense of petition.D. They are instructed to read at the same pace.3.What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. The school achievement depends wholly on the program.B. Schools doubt whether the program is available.C. Physical activities prevent kids from learning more.D. The program will be more and more popular.4.What would be the best title of the passage?A. Read and Ride aims to make students healthier and smarter.B. Traditional teaching should be banned in the near future.C. Standing desks help school kids focus on their studies.D. Kids need release energy during independent reading classes. A【话题导读】本文是一篇记叙文。是与教学相关的话题。文章讲述了作者五年前在西雅图教学生们美术时在教学中所发生的事情，以及培养学生们的想象力的方法。1.A 【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第一段的to find out something about my students可知，作者使用Tinkertoys是为了弄清楚有关学生们的一些事情。故选A项。2.D 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段中的Here was an exceptionally creative mind at work可知，这个男孩儿非常具有创造性，故选D项。3.B 【解析】考查词义猜测。根据下文的I ran the risk of losing those students who had a different style of thinking可知，作者冒着失去那些有不同思维风格的学生的风险。故可知该词的意思为不足，缺点，所以选B项。4.A 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第四段中的Without fail one would declare， But Im just not creative.及下文内容可推知，作者问学生们他们是否做梦了是为了让他们看到自己的创造力。故选A项。【长难句解读】B【文章大意】本文是记叙了Jean Harper如何在英语老师的鼓励下，实现了当一名飞行员的梦想。1.D 【解析】细节理解题。由第二段中的Jean was devastated and humiliated和第四段中的The hurt and fear of years of discouragement可知答案为D。2.A 【解析】细节理解题。由第三段中Mrs Dorothy Slaton 所说的话You do have unlimited abilities and talents. When you leave school, if you dont go for your dreams, no one will do it for you. You can have what you want if you want it enough和第四段中的Then do it!可知答案为A。3.B 【解析】段落大意题。最后一段主要讲述了Jean Harper在飞行方面的成就，所以答案为B。4.B 【解析】推理判断题。文中提到的Jean Harper的两位老师，一位打击她的梦想，让她几乎对此丧失信心；另一位老师给她无限的信心，让她相信自己,坚持追寻梦想，所以答案为B。C【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。在文章中，作者主要介绍了当今美国青少年晚睡的坏习惯以及坏习惯产生的原因和对坏习惯所采取的措施等。1.A 【解析】考查推理判断。根据文章第一段内容可知，该调查主要是对青少年的睡眠进行研究，所以选A项。2.C 【解析】考查细节理解。根据文章第二段的For most school-age children， ten hours is ideal(理想的)可知，11岁左右的青少年最佳的睡眠时长是10小时，故选C项。3.B 【解析】考查推理判断。根据第三段第一句和She says these activities at bedtime can get kids all excited and make it hard for them to calm down and sleep可推知，由于青少年晚上的活动都会使他们兴奋，所以他们很难静下心来睡觉，从而导致晚睡，故选B项。A项青少年受到身体里特定化学物质的影响是其他专家解释的原因，而不是Carskadon博士解释的原因，故排除；C项他们以父母为榜样，全文没有提到父母的生活习惯对子女的影响，故排除；D项他们不需要早点上学，文章最后提到部分学校推迟上学时间，这是应对青少年睡眠时间少的一种措施，而不是青少年晚睡的原因，故排除。D【文章大意】文章讲述了Ward Elementary School学校采用的一种新的学习项目，即学生可以在固定的自行车上一边骑自行车，一边阅读，阅读学习的同时还可以锻炼身体。1.A 【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第一段中“At Ward Elementary School in Winston, North Carolina students have adopted a new program that requires riding fixed bikes while reading.”和第三段中“Today Ward Elementary has a dedicated exercise room filled with bikes that can be used by students while pleting their daily reading assignments.”可知，在Ward Elementary School学校里的学生可以在固定的自行车上一边骑自行车，一边阅读，阅读学习的同时还可以锻炼身体。故选A。2.B 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章第四段和第五段的叙述可知，这种骑自行车和阅读学习相结合的学习方式使得阅读更加有趣，学生没有压力。在天气不利于户外活动的日子里，这也是一种完美的释放能量的方式。积极参与该计划的学生表现出惊人的阅读能力，更多的学生爱上了阅读。故选B。3.D 【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中“Thats because studies have shown that physical activity stimulates(刺激) brain cells and helps prepare it for learning. As word of the difference made by this easy to execute exercise program spreads, dont be surprised to find schools across the country adopt Read and Ride for their students.”可知，这种学习和运动结合的方式很受欢迎，有很多的好处，定会有更广的传播。故选D。